Biologia plantarum 2014, 58:768-772 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-014-0455-0

Cell membrane integrity, callose accumulation, and root growth in aluminum-stressed sorghum seedlings

E. J. Too1,*, A. S. Carlsson2, A. O. Onkware1, B. A. Were1, M. Geleta2, T. Bryngelsson2, S. Gudu3
1 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Eldoret, Eldoret, Kenya
2 Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
3 Rongo University College, Constituent College of Moi University, Rongo, Kenya

Aluminum stress usually reduces plant root growth due to the accumulation of Al in specific zones of the root apex. The objectives of this study were to determine the localization of Al in the root apex of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moech. and its effects on membrane integrity, callose accumulation, and root growth in selected cultivars. Seedlings were grown in a nutrient solution containing 0, 27, or 39 μM Al3+ for 24, 48, and 120 h. The Al stress significantly reduced root growth, especially after 48 and 120 h of exposure. A higher Al accumulation, determined by fluorescence microscopy after staining with a Morin dye, occurred in the root extension zone of the sensitive cultivar than in the tolerant cultivar. The membrane damage and callose accumulation were also higher in the sensitive than resistant cultivar. It was concluded that the Al stress significantly reduced root growth through the accumulation of Al in the root extension zone, callose accumulation, and impairment of plasma membrane integrity.

Keywords: aluminum tolerance; root extension zone
Subjects: cell membrane stability; callose accumulation; aluminum; growth; sorghum
Species: Sorghum bicolor

Received: April 23, 2013; Revised: April 24, 2014; Accepted: April 25, 2014; Published: December 1, 2014Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Too, E.J., Carlsson, A.S., Onkware, A.O., Were, B.A., Geleta, M., Bryngelsson, T., & Gudu, S. (2014). Cell membrane integrity, callose accumulation, and root growth in aluminum-stressed sorghum seedlings. Biologia plantarum, 58(4), 768-772. doi: 10.1007/s10535-014-0455-0.
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)

    • Open full article

    References

    1. Ahn, S.J., Matsumoto, H.: The role of the plasma membrane in the response of plant roots to aluminum toxicity. - Plant Signal. Behav. 1: 37-45, 2006. Go to original source...
    2. Alvim, M.N., Ramos, F.T., Oliveira, D.C., Isaias, R.M.S., Franca, M.G.C.: Aluminium localization and toxicity symptoms related to root growth inhibition in rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings. - J. Biosci. 37: 1079-1088, 2012. Go to original source...
    3. Baker, J.C., Mock, N.M.: An improved method for monitoring cell death in cell suspension and leaf disc assays using Evans blue. - Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. 39: 7-12, 1994. Go to original source...
    4. Bhuja, P., McLachlan, K., Stephens, J., Taylor, G.: Accumulation of 1,3-beta-D-glucans, in response to aluminum and cytosolic calcium in Triticum aestivum. - Plant Cell Physiol. 45: 543-549, 2004. Go to original source...
    5. Cartes, P., McManus, M., Wulff-Zottele, C., Leung, S., Gutiérrez-Moraga, A., Mora, M.D.L.: Differential superoxide dismutase expression in ryegrass cultivars in response to short term aluminium stress. - Plant Soil 350: 353-363, 2012. Go to original source...
    6. Cheprot, R.K., Matonyei, T.K., Maritim, K.K., Were, B.A., Dangasuk, O.G., Onkware, A.O. Gudu, S.: Physiological characterization of Kenyan sorghum lines for tolerance to aluminium. - Int. J. nat. Sci. Res. 2: 59-71, 2014.
    7. Garzón, T., Gunsé, B., Moreno, A.R., Tomos, A.D., Barceló, J., Poschenrieder, C.: Aluminium-induced alteration of ion homeostasis in root tip vacuoles of two maize varieties differing in Al tolerance. - Plant Sci. 180: 709-715, 2011. Go to original source...
    8. Goncalves, J.F.D., Cambraia, J., Mosquim, P.R., Araujo, E.F.: Aluminum effect on organic acid production and accumulation in sorghum. - J. Plant Nutr. 28: 507-520, 2005. Go to original source...
    9. Gunse, B., Poschenrieder, C., Barcelo, J.: Water transport properties of roots and root cortical cells in proton- and Alstressed maize varieties. - Plant Physiol. 113: 595-602, 1997. Go to original source...
    10. Illéš, P., Schlicht, M., Pavlovkin, J., Lichtscheidl, I., Baluška, F., Ovečka, M.: Aluminium toxicity in plants: internalization of aluminium into cells of the transition zone in Arabidopsis root apices related to changes in plasma membrane potential, endosomal behaviour, and nitric oxide production. - J. exp. Bot. 57: 4201-4213, 2006. Go to original source...
    11. Kaneko, M., Yoshimura, E., Nishizawa, N.K., Mori, S.: Time course study of aluminum-induced callose formation in barley roots as observed by digital microscopy and low-vacuum scanning electron microscopy. - Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 45: 701-712, 1999. Go to original source...
    12. Kochian, L., Piñeros, M., Hoekenga, O.: The physiology, genetics and molecular biology of plant aluminum resistance and toxicity. - Plant Soil 274: 175-195, 2005. Go to original source...
    13. Koehle, H., Jeblick, W., Poten, F., Blaschek, W., Kauss, H.: Chitosan-elicited callose synthesis in soybean (Glycine max) cultivar Harosoy-63 cells as a calcium-dependent process. - Plant Physiol. 77: 544-551, 1985. Go to original source...
    14. Magalhaes, J.V., Garvin, D.F., Wang, Y., Sorrells, M.E., Klein, P.E., Schaffert, R.E., Li, L., Kochian, L.V.: Comparative mapping of a major aluminum tolerance gene in sorghum and other species in the Poaceae. - Genetics 167: 1905-1914, 2004.
    15. Magalhaes, J.V., Liu, J., Guimaraes, C.T., Lana, U.G., Alves, V.M., Wang, Y.H., Schaffert, R.E., Hoekenga, O.A., Pineros, M.A., Shaff, J.E., Klein, P.E., Carneiro, N.P., Coelho, C.M., Trick, H.N., Kochian, L.V.: A gene in the multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) family confers aluminum tolerance in sorghum. - Nat. Genet. 39: 1156-1161, 2007. Go to original source...
    16. Martins, N., Goncales, S., Romano, A.: Metabolism and aluminium accumulation in Plantago almogravensis and P. Algarbiensis in response to low pH and aluminium stress. - Biol. Plant. 57: 325-331, 2013. Go to original source...
    17. Massot, N., Llugany, M., Poschenrieder, C., Barcelo, J.: Callose production as indicator of aluminum toxicity in bean cultivars. - J. Plant Nutr. 22: 1-10, 1999. Go to original source...
    18. Narro, L.A., Arcos, A.L.: Genetics of aluminum-induced callose formation in maize roots, a selection trait for aluminum resistance. - Crop Sci. 50: 1848-1853, 2010.
    19. Panda, S.K., Matsumoto, H.: Molecular physiology of aluminium toxicity and tolerance in plants. - Bot. Rev. 74: 326-347, 2007. Go to original source...
    20. Peixoto, P.H.P., Cambraia, J., Sant'Anna, R., Mosquim, P.R., Moreira, M.A.: Aluminum effects on fatty acid composition and lipid peroxidation of a purified plasma membrane fraction of root apices of two sorghum cultivars. - J. Plant Nutr. 24: 1061-1070, 2001. Go to original source...
    21. Pirselova, B., Matusikova, I.: Callose: the plant cell wall polysaccharide with multiple biological functions. - Acta Physiol. Plant. 35: 635-644, 2013. Go to original source...
    22. Ringo, J.H., Mneney, E.E., Onkware, A.O., Were, B.A., Too, E.J., Owuoche, J.O., Gudu, S.O.: Tolerance to aluminium toxicity in Tanzanian sorghum genotypes. - Afr. Crop Sci. J. 18: 155-164, 2010.
    23. Silva, S., Rodriguez, E., Pinto-Carnide, O., Martins-Lopes, P., Matos, M., Guedes-Pinto, H., Santos, C.: Zonal responses of sensitive vs. tolerant wheat roots during Al exposure and recovery. - J. Plant Physiol. 169: 760-769, 2012. Go to original source...
    24. Sivaguru, M., Horst, W.J.: The distal part of the transition zone is the most aluminum-sensitive apical root zone of maize. - Plant Physiol. 116: 155-163, 1998. Go to original source...
    25. Sivaguru, M., Fujiwara, T., Samaj J., Baluska, F., Yang, Z., Osawa, H., Maeda, T., Mori, T., Volkmann, D., Matsumoto, H.: Aluminium-induced 1-3-β-glucan inhibits cell-to-cell trafficking of molecules through plasmodesmata. A new mechanism of aluminium toxicity in plants. - Plant Physiol. 124: 991-1005, 2000. Go to original source...
    26. Smith, E., Naik, D., Cumming, J.R.: Genotypic variation in aluminum resistance, cellular aluminum fractions, callose and pectin formation and organic acid accumulation in roots of Populus hybrids. - Environ. exp. Bot. 72: 182-193, 2011. Go to original source...
    27. Tamás, L., Budíková, S., Šimonovičová, M., Huttová, J., Široká, B., Mistrík, I.: Rapid and simple method for Al-toxicity analysis in emerging barley roots during germination. - Biol. Plant. 50: 87-93, 2006. Go to original source...
    28. Too, E.J.: Physiological and Molecular Characterization of Resistance to Aluminium Stress in Selected Grain Sorghums. - Thesis. Biological Sciences, Moi University, Eldoret 2011.
    29. Von Uexküll, H.R., Mutert, E.: Global extent, development and economic impact of acid soils. - Plant Soil 171: 1-15, 1995. Go to original source...
    30. Xu, F.J., Li, G., Jin, C.W., Liu, W.J., Zhang, S.S., Zhang, Y.S., Lin, X.Y.: Aluminum-induced changes in reactive oxygen species accumulation, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant capacity in wheat root tips. - Biol. Plant. 56: 89-96, 2012. Go to original source...
    31. Yamamoto, Y., Kobayashi, Y., Devi, S.R., Rikiishi, S., Matsumoto, H.: Aluminum toxicity is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and the production of reactive oxygen species in plant cells. - Plant Physiol. 128: 63-72, 2002. Go to original source...
    32. Yang, Z., Eticha, D., Albacete, A., Rao, I.M., Roitsch, T., Horst, W.J.: Physiological and molecular analysis of the interaction between aluminium toxicity and drought stress in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). - J. exp. Bot. 63: 3109-3125, 2012. Go to original source...

    Return to the content