Photosynthetic Characteristics of Sun and Shade Leaves in the Canopy of Arbutus unedo L. Trees Exposed to In Situ Long-Term Elevated CO₂

M. Barták, A. Raschi, R. Tognetti

Photosynthetica 1999, 37(1):1-16 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1007052427069

Photosynthetic parameters were studied in Arbutus unedo L. trees growing at either ambient (AC) or elevated EC (mean 465 µmol mol^-1) CO₂ concentration near a natural CO₂ vent in Orciatico, Italy Diurnal courses of net photosynthetic rate (P _N), ratio of variable to maximum chlorophyll fluorescence (F_v/F_m), and quantum yield of electron transport through photosystem 2 (Φ₂) were measured on sun and shade leaves. The contents of N, C, Ca, K, P, and chlorophyll (Chl) and specific leaf area (SLA) in these leaf categories were also determined. A morning peak...

Seasonal Changes in Photochemical Efficiency in Leaves of Halimium Halimifolium, a Mediterranean Semideciduous Shrub

M. Zunzunegui, L. Fernandez Baco, M.C. Diaz Barradas, F. Garcia Novo

Photosynthetica 1999, 37(1):17 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1007058611140

The relationship between soil water availability, physiological responses [leaf chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence, leaf water potential (Ψ), and stomatal conductance (g _s)] and plant stress was studied in Halimium halimifolium (L.) Willk, Cistaceae, in three sites with contrasted water regimes (Monte Blanco - MB, Monte Intermedio - MI, and Monte Negro - MN) of Doñana National Park (SW of Spain) along the day, in September (summer period) and December (winter period) 1994. In winter, differences among the areas were not significant, with Ψ, g _s, and photochemical efficiency values of -1.5...

Siegenthaler, P.-A., Murata, N. (Ed.): Lipids in Photosynthesis: Structure, Function and Genetics

Z. Šesták

Photosynthetica 1999, 37(1):32 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1007091518409

Changes in Pigment Composition and Photosynthetic Activity of Aquatic Fern (Azolla Microphylla Kaulf.) Exposed to Low Doses of UV-C (254 nm) Radiation

M. Jayakumar, M. Eyini, P. Selvinthangadurai, K. Lingakumar, A. Premkumar, G. Kulandaivelu

Photosynthetica 1999, 37(1):33-38 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1007010727978

Changes in the content of pigments and rate of photosynthesis in Azolla microphylla Kaulf. fronds were measured during growth under solar and ultraviolet-C (UV-C) supplemented solar radiation. Maximum content of total chlorophyll (Chl) was observed on the 13^th day (termination of the experiment) of treatment in both control and treated plants. The treated plants had significantly lower total Chl and carotenoid contents than the control plants during the 1^st day of growth. After the 4^th day of exposure to UV-C supplemented solar radiation, the Chl and carotenoids accumulation increased in treated plants, so that...

Stomatal Responses of Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) Leaves to Changing Irradiance, Air Humidity, and Water Potential of Root Medium

S. Maleszewski, E. Burchacka, M. Rakus, B. Kozlowska-Szerenos

Photosynthetica 1999, 37(1):39-46 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1007062712048

Stomatal responses of attached bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) leaves to changing spectral composition ("white" - WL., blue - BL, or red - RL radiation), air humidity (100 % or about 4 % RH), and water potential of the root medium (close to 0 or -1.2 MPa) were determined by air flow porometer. Opening of stomata always increased under BL and decreased under RL. In response to decline in air humidity, leaf conductance showed transient increase before it reached lowered steady state. BL enhanced and RL diminished this response.

Cadmium Induced Ultrastructural Changes in Shoot Apical Meristem of Elodea Canadensis Rich.

D. Stoyanova, E. Tchakalova

Photosynthetica 1999, 37(1):47 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1007014828887

The ultrastructure of cells of ground meristem in the peripheral zone of shoot apical meristem in Elodea canadensis Rich. was studied after treatment with cadmium in concentrations 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6 g(Cd²⁺) m^-3. After 5 d treatment, changes in the structural organisation of the plastid apparatus were found, namely in proplastid, amyloplast, and amoeboid stages of plastid development.

Developmental and Photosynthetic Characteristics of a Photoautotrophic Chrysanthemum Culture

V. Cristea, F. Dalla Vecchia, N. La Rocca

Photosynthetica 1999, 37(1):53-59 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1007066812957

Chrysanthemum plantlets were cultivated in vitro on media with 2.0, 0.3, or 0 % sucrose, or photoautotrophically without an organic carbon source but with supplementation of the culture vessel atmosphere with 2 % CO₂. The photoautotrophically cultivated plantlets showed a better growth and multiplication, higher contents of chlorophyll (Chl) and carotenoids, higher Chl a/b ratio, net photosynthetic rate and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activities than plantlets grown on the medium with sucrose.

Britton, G., Liaaen-Jensen, S., Pfander, H. (Ed.): Carotenoids. Vol. 3: Biosynthesis and Metabolism

Z. Šesták

Photosynthetica 1999, 37(1):60 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1007035400662

The Effect of CO₂ Enrichment on the Growth of Nodulated and Non-Nodulated Isogenic Types of Soybean Raised Under Two Nitrogen Concentrations

T. Nakamura, T. Koike, T. Lei, K. Ohashi, T. Shinano, T. Tadano

Photosynthetica 1999, 37(1):61-70 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1007018929795

To find the effects of CO₂ enrichment on plant development and photosynthetic capacity of nodulated (line A62-1) and non-nodulated (line A62-2) isogenic lines of soybean (Glycine max Merr.), we examined the interactions among two CO₂ treatments (36±3 Pa = AC and 70±5 Pa = EC), and two nitrogen concentrations [0 g(N) m^-2(land area) = 0N; 30 g(N) m^-2(land area) = 30N]. Nodules were found in both CO₂ treatments in 0N of A62-1 where the number and dry mass of nodules increased from AC to EC. While the allocation of dry mass to root and shoot and the amount of N in each organ did...

Perpetual Adaptation in a Perpetually Changing Environment as a Survival Strategy of Plants: A Case Study in Foraminifers Concerning Coral Reef Bleaching

R.J. Strasser, M. Tsimilli-Michael, M. Pecheux

Photosynthetica 1999, 37(1):71 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1007070913866

Coral reef bleaching is a global phenomenon poorly understood today. We investigated during 7 d the photosynthetic behaviour of symbionts of coral reef and temperate foraminifers in hospite, by means of the JIP-test. By this screening test the fast fluorescence rise O-J-I-P, measured by a Plant Efficiency Analyser (PEA) with 10 µs time resolution and 12 bit signal resolution, was analysed. It informs about the structure and function of photosystem 2 being at different physiological states established by adaptation to different irradiance and temperature. The test needs a measuring time in vivo of only 1 to 5 s, and thus many samples...

Neuhäuslová, Z. et al.: Mapa Potenciální Přirozené Vegetace České Republiky

J. Květ

Photosynthetica 1999, 37(1):86 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1007087417500

Comparative Anatomical, Morphological, and Physiological Parameters Controlling Photosynthesis in Two Populusxeuramericana Clones During Short-Term Osmotic Treatment

M. Courtois, E. Boudouresque, G. Guerrier

Photosynthetica 1999, 37(1):87-96 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1007023030704

The relationships between drought response and anatomical/physiological properties were assessed in two poplar clones belonging to the Aigeros section: Populusxeuramericana clone Dorskamp (drought-tolerant) and clone Luisa Avanzo (drought-sensitive). Cuttings of both clones were exposed for 12 h to 0 mM (control). 50 mM (osmotic potential -0.112 MPa), and 150 mM (-0.336 MPa) mannitol. In control, Dorskamp had smaller stomata than Luisa Avanzo, one or two layers of palisade cells, a spongy mesophyll, and high concentrations of antioxidative compounds (ascorbate, glutathione). After exposure to 50 or 150 mM mannitol, both clones closed...

A New Approach to Distinguishing Photosynthetic Types of Plants. A Case Study in Northeast China Transect (NECT) Platform

H.P. Tang, X.S. Zhang

Photosynthetica 1999, 37(1):97 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1007075014774

Discriminant analysis is an important method in multivariable statistic analysis to show what type an individual should belong to. Based on actual field photosynthetic value set obtained from our research platform, North East China Transect (NECT), a new approach, developed from the concept and principle of discriminant analysts, was proposed to distinguish C₃ and C₄ plants. Indices related to plant photosynthetic capacity measured by an LCA4 photosynthesis system were selected to build the discriminant model which is based on four related parameters: net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and...

Gas Exchange and Chlorophyll Fluorescence in Symbiotic and Non-Symbiotic Ryegrass Under Water Stress

C. Amalric, H. Sallanon, F. Monnet, A. Hitmi, A. Coudret

Photosynthetica 1999, 37(1):107-112 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1007027131613

The symbiotic association of endophyte fungus, Neotyphodium lolii, and ryegrass improves the ryegrass resistance to drought. This is shown by a 30 % increase in the number of suckers in infected plants (E+), compared to plants lacking endophyte (E-), and by a higher water potential in the E+ than E- plants. The E+ plants have higher stomatal conductance (g _s), transpiration rate, net photosynthetic rate (P _N), and photorespiratory electron transport rate than the E- plants. The maximal photochemical efficiency (F_v/F_m) and the actual photochemical efficiency (Φ_PS2) are not...

Leaf Gas Exchange and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters in Phaseolus Vulgaris as Affected by Nitrogen and Phosphorus Deficiency

J.D. Lima, P.R. Mosquim, F.M. Da Matta

Photosynthetica 1999, 37(1):113-121 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1007079215683

The effects of N and P deficiency, isolated or in combination, on leaf gas exchange and fast chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence emission were studied in common bean cv. Negrito. 10-d-old plants grown in aerated nutrient solution were supplied with high N (HN, 7.5 mol m^-3) or low N (LN, 0.5 mol m^-3), and also with high P (HP, 0.5 mol m^-3) or low P (LP, 0.005 mol m^-3). Regardless of the external P supply, in LN plants the initial fluorescence (F₀) increased 12 % in parallel to a quenching of about 14 % in maximum fluorescence (F_m). As a consequence, the variable to maximum fluorescence ratio...

S. Procházka, et al.: Fyziologie Rostlin

S. Wieckowski

Photosynthetica 1999, 37(1):122 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1007039501570

Differences in Field Gas Exchange and Water Relations Between a C₃ Dicot (Plantago Asiatica) and a C₄ Monocot (Eleusine Indica)

T. Kobayashi, K. Okamoto, Y. Hori

Photosynthetica 1999, 37(1):123-130 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1007031332521

Field gas exchange and water potential in the leaves of a C₃ dicot, Plantago asiatica L., and a C₄ monocot, Eleusine indica Gaertn., which dominate in trampled vegetation in eastern Japan were surveyed during the growing periods for two consecutive years. Net photosynthetic rate (P _N) of E. indica increased with photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) and leaf temperature (T_L). P _N was not saturated at PPFDs above 1500 µmol m^-2 s^-1 and at T_L above 30 °C. On a sunny day in mid summer, maximum P _N was two...

Bibliography of Reviews and Methods of Photosynthesis - 82

Z. Šesták, J. Čatský

Photosynthetica 1999, 37(1):131-160 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1007083316591