Spectrophotometer Specord 210 Analytic Jena, range 190‐1100 nm.
Transmission spectroscopy and reflectance spectroscopy by using 11‐60° variable angle reflectance kit; room temperature.
Oxford Instruments Optistat DN liquid nitrogen (LN2) optical spectroscopy cryostat connected to the spectrophotometer by two optical fibre cables for transmission spectroscopy on the temperatures range of 77‐500 K.