Photosynthetica, 2008 (vol. 46), issue 1

Photosynthetica 2008, 46(1):3-9 | DOI: 10.1007/s11099-008-0002-3

Defence response produced during photodynamic damage in transgenic rice overexpressing 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase

S. Jung1,*, K. Back2, K. Yang2, Y. I. Kuk3, S. U. Chon4
1 School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
2 Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Agricultural Plant Stress Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
3 Department of Plant Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
4 TBI Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Callus Co. Ltd., Gwangju, Korea

Photodynamic and photoprotective responses at different irradiances were investigated in transgenic rice (Oryza sativa) expressing Bradyrhizobium japonicum 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase (ALA-S). With high irradiance (HI) of 350 µmol m-2 s-1, transgenic lines P5 and P14 showed a decrease in contents of chlorophyll (Chl) and the chloroplast-encoded gene psbA mRNA, whereas a decrease in light-harvesting Chl-binding proteins was observed only in P14. These effects were not observed in the wild-type (WT) line treated with HI or all of the lines treated with low irradiance (LI) of 150 µmol m-2 s-1. HI resulted in a greater decrease in the quantum yield of photosystem 2 and a greater increase in non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) in the transgenic lines, particularly in P14, compared to WT. Photoprotective zeaxanthin contents increased at HI, even though carotenoid contents were lower in the transgenic lines compared to WT. When exposed to HI, superoxide dismutase greatly increased in transgenic lines P5 and P14, but peroxidase and glutathione reductase increased only in P14, in which more photodynamic damage occurred. Thus the greater expression of ALA-S in the transgenic plants developed the stronger protective functions, i.e. the increased values of NPQ and zeaxanthin, as well as more photodynamic reactions, i.e. decreased photosynthetic component and efficiency, in the photosynthetic complexes. However, the photodynamic reactions indicate that the antioxidant capacity was insufficient to cope with the severe stress triggered by photoactive porphyrins in the transgenic rice expressing ALA-S.

Keywords: 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase; antheraxanthin; antioxidant; chlorophyll; non-photochemical quenching; Oryza; photodynamic stress; violaxanthin; zeaxanthin

Received: May 17, 2007; Accepted: July 20, 2007; Published: March 1, 2008Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Jung, S., Back, K., Yang, K., Kuk, Y.I., & Chon, S.U. (2008). Defence response produced during photodynamic damage in transgenic rice overexpressing 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase. Photosynthetica, 46(1), 3-9. doi: 10.1007/s11099-008-0002-3.
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)

    • Open full article

    References

    1. Apel, K., Hirt, H.: Reactive oxygen species: Metabolism, oxidative stress, and signal transduction.-Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 55: 373-399, 2004. Go to original source...
    2. Aro, E.-M., Virgin, I., Andersson, B.: Photoinhibition of Photosystem II. Inactivation, protein damage and turnover.-Biochim. biophys. Acta 1143: 113-134, 1993. Go to original source...
    3. Asada, K.: Production and action of active oxygen species in photosynthetic tissues.-In: Foyer, C.H., Mullineaux, P.M. (ed.): Causes of Photooxidative Stress and Amelioration of Defense Systems in Plants. Pp. 77-104. CRC Press, Boca Raton-Ann Arbor-London-Tokyo 1994.
    4. Barber, J., Andersson, B.: Too much of a good thing: light can be bad for photosynthesis.-Trends biochem. Sci. 17: 61-66, 1992. Go to original source...
    5. Beale, S.I.: δ-Aminolevulinic acid in plants: its biosynthesis, regulation, and role in plastid development.-Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 29: 95-120, 1978. Go to original source...
    6. Bilger, W., Björkman, O.: Role of the xanthophyll cycle in photoprotection elucidated by measurements of light-induced absorbance changes, fluorescence and photosynthesis in leaves of Hedera canariensis.-Photosynth. Res. 25: 173-185, 1990. Go to original source...
    7. Dalton, D., Russel, S., Hanus, F., Pascoe, G., Evans, H.: Enzymatic reactions of ascorbate and glutathione that prevent peroxide damage in soybean root nodules.-Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. USA 83: 3811-3815, 1986. Go to original source...
    8. Demmig-Adams, B., Adams, W.W., III, Barker, D.H., Logan, B.A., Bowling, D.R., Verhoeven, A.S.: Using chlorophyll fluorescence to assess the fraction of absorbed light allocated to thermal dissipation of excess excitation.-Physiol. Plant. 98: 253-264, 1996.
    9. Falbel, T.G., Meehl, J.B., Staehelin, L.A.: Severity of mutant phenotype in a series of chlorophyll-deficient wheat mutants depends on light intensity and the severity of the block in chlorophyll synthesis.-Plant Physiol. 112: 821-832, 1996. Go to original source...
    10. Frąckowiak, D., Smyk, B.: Interactions between photosynthetic pigments in organisms and in model systems.-Photosynthetica 45: 1-8, 2007. Go to original source...
    11. Genty, B., Briantais, J.-M., Baker, N.R.: The relationship between the quantum yield of photosynthetic electron transport and quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence.-Biochim. biophys. Acta 990: 87-92, 1989. Go to original source...
    12. Green, B.R., Durnford, D.G.: The chlorophyll-carotenoid proteins of oxygenic photosynthesis.-Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant mol. Biol. 47: 685-714, 1996. Go to original source...
    13. Härtel, H., Kruse, E., Grimm, B.: Restriction of chlorophyll synthesis due to expression of glutamate 1-semialdehyde aminotransferase antisense RNA does not reduce the light-harvesting antenna size in tobacco.-Plant Physiol. 113: 1113-1124, 1997. Go to original source...
    14. Holt, N.E., Zigmantas, D., Valkunas, L., Li, X.-P., Niyogi, K.K., Fleming, G.R.: Carotenoid cation formation and the regulation of photosynthetic light harvesting.-Science 307: 433-436, 2005. Go to original source...
    15. Hopf, F.R., Whitten, D.G.: Chemical transformations involving photoexcited porphyrins and metalloporphyrins.-In: Dolphin, D. (ed.): The Porphyrins. Vol. 2. Pp. 191-195. Academic Press, New York 1978. Go to original source...
    16. Hotta, Y., Tanaka, T., Takaoka, H., Takeuchi, Y., Konnai, M.: Promotive effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid on the yield of several crops.-Plant Growth Regul. 22: 109-114, 1997. Go to original source...
    17. Jung, S.: Variation in antioxidant metabolism of young and mature leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana subjected to drought.-Plant Sci. 166: 459-466, 2004. Go to original source...
    18. Jung, S., Yang, K., Lee, D.-E., Back, K.: Expression of Bradyrhizobium japonicum 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase induces severe photodynamic damage in transgenic rice.-Plant Sci. 167: 789-795, 2004. Go to original source...
    19. Krause, G.H.: Photoinhibition of photosynthesis. An evaluation of damaging and protective mechanisms.-Physiol. Plant. 74: 566-574, 1988. Go to original source...
    20. Kruse, E., Grimm, B., Beator, J., Kloppstech, K.: Developmental and circadian control of the capacity for δ-aminolevulinic acid synthesis in green barley.-Planta 202: 235-241, 1997. Go to original source...
    21. Kühlbrandt, W., Wang, D.N., Fujiyoshi, Y.: Atomic model of plant light-harvesting complex by electron crystallography.-Nature 367: 614-621, 1994. Go to original source...
    22. Ledford, H.K., Niyogi, K.K.: Singlet oxygen and photooxidative stress management in plants and algae.-Plant Cell Environ. 28: 1037-1045, 2005. Go to original source...
    23. Lee, H.J., Lee, S.B., Chung, J.S., Han, S.U., Han, O., Guh, J.O., Jeon, J.S., An, G., Back, K.: Transgenic rice plants expressing a Bacillus subtilis protoporphyrinogen oxidase gene are resistant to diphenyl ether herbicide oxyfluorfen.-Plant Cell Physiol. 41: 743-749, 2000. Go to original source...
    24. Lichtenthaler, H.K.: Chlorophylls and carotenoids-pigments of photosynthetic biomembranes.-In: Colowick, S.P., Kaplan, N.O. (ed.): Methods in Enzymology. Vol. 148. Pp. 350-382. Academic Press, San Diego-New York-Berkeley-Boston-London-Sydney-Tokyo-Toronto 1987. Go to original source...
    25. Mittler, R., Vanderauwera, S., Gollery, M., Van Breusegem, F.: Reactive oxygen gene network of plants.-Trends Plant Sci. 9: 490-498, 2004. Go to original source...
    26. Nishiyama, Y., Allakhverdiev, S.I., Yamamoto, H., Hayashi, H., Murata, N.: Singlet oxygen inhibits the repair of photo-system II by suppressing the translation elongation of the D1 protein in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803.-Biochemistry 43: 11321-11330, 2004. Go to original source...
    27. Niyogi, K.K.: Photoprotection revisited: Genetic and molecular approaches.-Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant mol. Biol. 50: 333-359, 1999. Go to original source...
    28. Niyogi, K.K., Björkman, O., Grossman, A.R.: The roles of specific xanthophylls in photoprotection.-Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. USA 94: 14162-14167, 1997. Go to original source...
    29. Olson, P.D., Varner, J.E.: Hydrogen peroxide and lignification.-Plant J. 4: 887-892, 1993. Go to original source...
    30. Ort, D.R., Baker, N.R.: A photoprotective role for O2 as an alternative electronic sink in photosynthesis?-Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 5: 193-198, 2002.
    31. Rao, M.V., Paliyath, G., Ormrod, D.P.: Ultraviolet-B-and ozone-induced biochemical changes in antioxidant enzymes of Arabidopsis thaliana.-Plant Physiol. 110: 125-136, 1996. Go to original source...
    32. Rebeiz, C.A., Montazer-Zouhoor, A., Hopen, H.J., Wu, S.M.: Photodynamic herbicides: Concept and phenomenology.-Enzyme microbiol. Tech. 6: 390-401, 1984. Go to original source...
    33. Ruban, A.V., Young, A.J., Horton, P.: Induction of nonphotochemical energy dissipation and absorbance changes in leaves. Evidence for changes in the state of the light-harvesting system of photosystem II in vivo.-Plant Physiol. 102: 741-750, 1993. Go to original source...
    34. Sharma, J., Panico, M., Barber, J., Morris, H.R.: Purification and determination of intact molecular mass by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of the photosystem II reaction center subunits.-J. biol. Chem. 272: 33153-33157, 1997. Go to original source...
    35. Suzuki, N., Mittler, R.: Reactive oxygen species and temperature stresses: A delicate balance between signaling and destruction.-Physiol. Plant. 126: 45-51, 2006. Go to original source...
    36. Tjus, S.E., Scheller, H.V., Andersson, B., Møller, B.L.: Active oxygen produced during selective excitation of photosystem I is damaging not only to photosystem I, but also to photosystem II.-Plant Physiol. 125: 2007-2015, 2001.
    37. Trebst, A.: Function of beta-carotene and tocopherol in photosystem II.-Z. Naturforsch. C58: 609-620, 2003. Go to original source...
    38. Tripathy, B.C., Chakraborty, N.: 5-aminolevulinic acid induced photodynamic damage of the photosynthetic electron transport chain of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) cotyledons.-Plant Physiol. 96: 761-767, 1991. Go to original source...
    39. Willekens, H., Chamnongpol, S., Davey, M., Schraudner, M., Langebartels, C.: Catalase is a sink for H2O2 and is indispensable for stress defense in C3 plants.-EMBO J. 16: 4806-4816, 1997. Go to original source...
    40. Woodbury, W., Spencer, A.K., Stahman, M.A.: An improved procedure for using ferricyanide for detecting catalase isozymes.-Anal. Biochem. 44: 301-305, 1971. Go to original source...

    Return to the content