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Stanislav Šafrata may be considered without exaggeration to be the founding father of cryogenics and low-temperature physics in the former Czechoslovakia. He was born on 9 September 1925 in Osturňa. Later, he attended a grammar school in Bratislava, Slovakia, and a Higher Industrial School in Prague. In 1949, he graduated from the Faculty of Natural Sciences of Charles University in Prague, where he completed his additional scientific training in physics three years later. The scope of his scientific expertise and activities was always very broad as evidenced by a monography co-authored with V. Petržílek: Electricity and Magnetism, published in 1953.

While existing mobile networks use frequencies up to 2.5 GHz, network of the 5th generation (5G) will work in the frequency range from 24 to 72 GHz. It will allow data transfer speed up to 20 gbps (gbps is the abbreviation of gigabits per second). Filters for such high frequencies require among others materials tuning of the permittivity using high electric field and low dielectric losses.