Effects of endogenous ascorbic acid on resistance to high-temperature stress in excised rice leaves

Q.L. Zhang, Y.X. Wei, C.L. Peng

Photosynthetica 2018, 56(4):1453-1458 | DOI: 10.1007/s11099-018-0836-2

Ascorbic acid (Asc) is a major plant antioxidant. L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase (GLDH) is an enzyme that catalyzes the last step of Asc biosynthesis in higher plants. Effects of endogenous Asc on resistance to high-temperature stress were studied by using GLDH-overexpressed (GO-2) and GLDH-suppressed transgenic rice (GI-2) as experimental materials. After high-temperature treatment, the maximal quantum yield of PSII was significantly lower in GI-2, and higher in GO-2 compared to wild type rice. The content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was the highest in GI-2. The higher Asc content resulted in lower lipid peroxidation in GO-2. The contents...

A method of a bicolor fast-Fourier pulse-amplitude modulation chlorophyll fluorometry

V. Lysenko, D. Lazár, T. Varduny

Photosynthetica 2018, 56(4):1447-1452 | DOI: 10.1007/s11099-018-0848-y

A simple method of a bicolor (multicolor), fast-Fourier, PAM chlorophyll fluorometry has been developed to obtain fluorescence induction curves. Quantum yields of PSII photochemistry were determined with blue and red simultaneously applied pulsed measuring lights for three subsequent 20-min periods of dark-, light-adaptation under actinic light and dark recovery. Measuring lights were cross-combined with blue and red actinic lights and saturation pulses. Coefficients of chromatic divergence were calculated as a ratio of the quantum yields obtained by red measuring light to that obtained by blue measuring light. Adaptation of Ficus benjamina...

Responses of photosynthesis, dry mass and carbon isotope discrimination in winter wheat to different irrigation depths

L. J. Zheng, J. J. Ma, X. H. Sun, X. H. Guo, J. Jiang, R. Ren, X. L. Zhang

Photosynthetica 2018, 56(4):1437-1446 | DOI: 10.1007/s11099-018-0833-5

In order to test the effects of irrigation depth on winter wheat photosynthesis, four treatments were applied in a field experiment using PVC growth tubes (identical amounts of water were applied on the land surface, and at 60, 75, and 90% of the depth for the winter wheat root distribution, denoted as D0, D60, D75, and D90, respectively). Compared to the surface irrigation treatment D0, the leaf area index, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and intercellular CO₂ concentration increased with irrigation depths. The values of these indicators obtained by the underground irrigation treatment...

Effects of leaf-to-fruit ratio on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of walnut (Juglans regia L.) leaves

C. F. Zhang, C. D. Pan, H. Chen

Photosynthetica 2018, 56(4):1429-1436 | DOI: 10.1007/s11099-018-0842-4

In this study, we investigated maximal quantum yield of PSII photochemistry(F_v/F_m),effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (Φ_PSII), and nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) of walnut (Juglans regia 'Xinxin2') leaves with different leaf-to-fruit ratios (LFRs). The results indicated that the increasing LFR increased the values of F_v/F_m, Φ_PSII, and NPQ in leaves on the girdled shoot with one and two leaves, and decreased the values of F_v/F_m and Φ_PSII in leaves on the girdled shoot with five leaves, whereas had no effect on the chlorophyll...

Bioaccumulation and photosynthetic activity response of sweet sorghum seedling (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) to cadmium stress

Z. C. Xue, J. H. Li, D. S. Li, S. Z. Li, C. D. Jiang, L. A. Liu, S. Y. Wang, W. J. Kang

Photosynthetica 2018, 56(4):1422-1428 | DOI: 10.1007/s11099-018-0835-3

A hydroponic experiment was conducted to investigate bioaccumulation and photosynthetic activity response to Cd in sweet sorghum seedlings. The seedlings were treated with 0, 50, and 100 μM Cd for 15 d. Our results showed that morphological characteristics of sweet sorghum were significantly affected by Cd treatments. The Cd concentrations in roots and shoots increased with increasing Cd concentrations in the nutrition solution; higher Cd accumulation was observed in the roots. Meanwhile, the photosynthetic activity decreased significantly and a shape of chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence transient in leaves was altered by Cd treatments. The...

Leaf gas exchange, phosphorus uptake, growth and yield responses of cotton cultivars to different phosphorus rates

J. Wang, Y. Chen, P. Wang, Y. S. Li, G. Wang, P. Liu, A. Khan

Photosynthetica 2018, 56(4):1414-1421 | DOI: 10.1007/s11099-018-0845-1

Growth and physiological responses of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars with different phosphorus (P) efficiencies under variable P environment are poorly known. Therefore, this study explored effects of normal P [P⁺, 70 kg(P₂O₅) ha^-1] and without P (P^-, 0 kg ha^-1) on yield, growth, and physiology of different P-efficient cultivars [low-efficient Xinluzao 13 (L1) and Xinluzao 26 (L₂); medium-efficient Xinluzao 10 (M₁) and Xinluzao 24 (M₂); high-efficient Zhongmiansuo 42 (H₁) and Xinluzao19 (H₂)]. Cotton growth and yield...

Seasonal variation in photosynthesis performance of cassava at two different growth stages under irrigated and rain-fed conditions in a tropical savanna climate

K. Vongcharoen, S. Santanoo, P. Banterng, S. Jogloy, N. Vorasoot, P. Theerakulpisut

Photosynthetica 2018, 56(4):1398-1413 | DOI: 10.1007/s11099-018-0849-x

Seasonal variations in photosynthesis of cassava cv. Rayong 9 (RY9) under irrigated and rain-fed conditions were evaluated at the age of three and six months after planting (MAP). Photosynthetic light-response (P_N/I) curves revealed that cassava leaves attained the highest maximum net photosynthetic rates (P_Nmax) in the rainy season, followed by the hot one, while the lowest P_Nmax was found in the cool season. Photosynthetic potential of the 3-month-old plants was mostly higher than that of the 6-month-old plants, and the seasonal variation in photosynthetic capacity was also more apparent...

Leaf gas exchange and grain yield of common bean exposed to spermidine under water stress

S. Torabian, M. R. Shakiba, A. Dabbagh Mohammadi Nasab, M. Toorchi

Photosynthetica 2018, 56(4):1387-1397 | DOI: 10.1007/s11099-018-0834-4

Three prevalent aliphatic polyamines (PAs) include putrescine, spermidine, and spermine; they are low-molecular-mass polycations involved in many physiological processes in plants, especially, under stressful conditions. In this experiment, three bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes were subjected to well-watered conditions and two moderate and severe water-stressed conditions with and without spermidine foliar application. Water stress reduced leaf relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll contents, stomatal conductance (gs), intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i), transpiration rate, maximal quantum yield...

Foliar exposure of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) to TiO₂ nanoparticles under field conditions: Photosynthetic response and flavonol profile

P. Teszlák, M. Kocsis, A. Scarpellini, G. Jakab, L. Kőrösi

Photosynthetica 2018, 56(4):1378-1386 | DOI: 10.1007/s11099-018-0832-6

In the past decade, utilization of nanostructured materials has increased intensively in a wide range of applications. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂ NPs), for instance, can be applied for the inactivation of various pathogens through photo-induced generation of reactive oxygen species. Although TiO₂ NPs with high antimicrobial activity are of great importance, in practice, their phytotoxic effects have not yet been fully clarified. In this study, we investigated the potential phytotoxicity of TiO₂ NPs on grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) under field conditions. After foliar exposure, two particularly stress-sensitive...

Salicylic acid-induced photosynthetic adaptability of Zea mays L. to polyethylene glycol-simulated water deficit is associated with nitric oxide signaling

R. X. Shao, L. F. Xin, J. M. Guo, H. F. Zheng, J. Mao, X.P. Han, L. Jia, S. J. Jia, C. G. Du, R. Song, Q. H. Yang, R. W. Elmore

Photosynthetica 2018, 56(4):1370-1377 | DOI: 10.1007/s11099-018-0850-4

Salicylic acid (SA) and nitric oxide (NO) form a new group of plant growth substances that cooperatively interact to promote plant growth and productivity. Water deficit (WD) stress is a major limiting factor for photosynthesis, which in turn limits crop yield. However, the mechanism of SA and NO in stimulating photosynthesis has not yet been elucidated. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the SA- and NO-mediated photosynthetic adaptability of maize seedlings to WD in terms of photosynthetic parameters, activities and mRNA levels of CO₂ assimilation enzymes. Our results showed that SA alleviated the WD-induced reduction of photosynthetic...

Viscosimetric analysis of the mechanism of ATP hydrolysis by pea chloroplast F₁-ATPase

A.N. Malyan

Photosynthetica 2018, 56(4):1365-1369 | DOI: 10.1007/s11099-018-0840-6

Dependence of ATP hydrolysis kinetics by the chloroplast coupling factor (CF₁) on medium viscosity was studied at varying temperatures. For samples with oxidized and reduced CF₁ γ-subunit, this dependence was shown to be described by Cramers' relationship k ~ (η/η_o)-n, where k is the reaction rate constant, η/η_o is the medium/water viscosity ratio, and 0 < n < 1. Transition of the γ-subunit from its reduced to oxidized state was accompanied by increasing n value, which is indicative of increasing friction losses between certain enzyme sections...

Morphological and ecophysiological plasticity in dioecious plant Populus tomentosa under drought and alkaline stresses

Y. W. Lu, X. L. Miao, Q. Y. Song, S. M. Peng, B. L. Duan

Photosynthetica 2018, 56(4):1353-1364 | DOI: 10.1007/s11099-018-0846-0

Morphological and ecophysiological traits showed by male and female Populus tomentosa Carr. trees were studied under various degrees of water and alkaline stresses. The results showed that different adaptations to drought and alkaline stresses were adopted by each gender; males possessed a much higher tolerance to both stresses compared to females. In contrast to females, the males exhibited a lower inhibition in total biomass, total leaf area, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, leaf carbon and nitrogen concentrations as well as water- and nitrogen-use efficiency in response to drought and alkaline stresses. Nevertheless, compared...

Cadmium stress in Dongying wild soybean seedlings: growth, Cd accumulation, and photosynthesis

L. Liu, Y. K. Shang, L. Li, Y. H. Chen, Z. Z. Qin, L. J. Zhou, M. Yuan, C. B. Ding, J. Liu, Y. Huang, R. W. Yang, Y. H. Zhou, J. Q. Liao

Photosynthetica 2018, 56(4):1346-1352 | DOI: 10.1007/s11099-018-0844-2

In order to understand better Cd resistance in soybean, Dongying wild soybean treated with different Cd concentrations were evaluated. The biomass, chlorophyll (Chl) content, leaf color, Chl a fluorescence parameters, photosynthesis parameters, and Cd contents were determined. Our results showed that when Cd concentration was ≤ 2 kg m^-3, no significant decrease in biomass, photosynthetic parameters, and maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII was observed. This indicated that Dongying wild soybean resisted Cd toxic effects under such conditions. In addition, atomic absorption experiment results demonstrated that when Cd concentration...

Soil Cu contamination destroys the photosynthetic systems and hampers the growth of green vegetables

M.-Z. Lin, M.-F. Jin

Photosynthetica 2018, 56(4):1336-1345 | DOI: 10.1007/s11099-018-0831-7

Soil metal contamination leads to a decrease in a yield of crops and is a threat to human health. In the present study, the properties (i.e., photosynthetic pigments, gas-exchange parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence, biomass, leaf area, leaf mass per area) of three green vegetables (i.e., Brassica chinensis, Chrysanthemum coronarium, Brassica alboglabra) grown under various Cu treatments [0, 200, 400, and 600 mg(Cu) kg^-1] were measured and analysed. The results showed that soil Cu contamination resulted in the damage of photosynthetic pigments, negative effects on gas exchange, and hampered growth of all...

Coordinated variation between veins and stomata in cotton and its relationship with water-use efficiency under drought stress

Z. Y. Lei, J. M. Han, X. P. Yi, W. F. Zhang, Y. L. Zhang

Photosynthetica 2018, 56(4):1326-1335 | DOI: 10.1007/s11099-018-0847-z

Drought stress causes changes in vein and stomatal density. The objectives of this study were to determine (1) if the changes in vein and stomatal density are coordinated in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and (2) how these changes affect water-use efficiency (WUE). The results showed significant positive correlations between vein density and stomatal density when cotton was grown under different degrees of drought stress. WUE was significantly positively correlated with the densities of both veins and stomata. Stomatal pore area and stomatal density on the abaxial leaf side, but not the adaxial side, were significantly correlated...

Effects of foliar applications of nitric oxide and spermidine on chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthesis and antioxidant enzyme activities of citrus seedlings under salinity stress

D. Khoshbakht, M. R. Asghari, M. Haghighi

Photosynthetica 2018, 56(4):1313-1325 | DOI: 10.1007/s11099-018-0839-z

The effects of exogenous sodium nitroprusside (SNP), as nitric oxide donor, and spermidine (Spd) on growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Bakraii seedlings (Citrus reticulata × Citrus limetta) were studied under NaCl stress. In citrus plants, SNP- and Spd-induced growth improvement was found to be associated with reduced electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide content, and leaf Na⁺ and Cl^- concentration. However, we found increased leaf Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, and K⁺ concentrations, relative water content, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, antioxidant enzyme activities,...

Changes in winter snow depth affects photosynthesis and physiological characteristics of biological soil crusts in the Tengger Desert

R. Hui, R. M. Zhao, L. C. Liu, Y. X. Li, H. T. Yang, Y. L. Wang, M. Xie, X. Q. Wang

Photosynthetica 2018, 56(4):1304-1312 | DOI: 10.1007/s11099-018-0838-0

Water availability is a major limiting factor in desert ecosystems. However, a winter snowfall role in the growth of biological soil crusts is still less investigated. Here, four snow treatments were designed to evaluate the effects of snow depth on photosynthesis and physiological characteristics of biological soil crusts. Results showed that snow strongly affected the chlorophyll fluorescence properties. The increased snow depth led to increased contents of photosynthetic pigments and soluble proteins. However, all biological soil crusts also exhibited a decline in malondialdehyde and soluble sugar contents as snow increased. Results demonstrated...

Role of alternative oxidase pathway in protection against drought-induced photoinhibition in pepper leaves

W. H. Hu, X. H. Yan, Y. He, X. L. Ye

Photosynthetica 2018, 56(4):1297-1303 | DOI: 10.1007/s11099-018-0837-1

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the mitochondrial alternative oxidase (AOX) pathway on energy metabolism in chloroplasts, and evaluate the importance of the AOX in alleviating drought-induced photoinhibition in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Inhibition of AOX pathway decreased photosynthesis and increased thermal energy dissipation in plants under normal conditions. It indicated that AOX pathway could influence chloroplast energy metabolism. Drought reduced carbon assimilation. Photoinhibition was caused by excess of absorbed light energy in spite of the increase of thermal energy dissipation and cyclic electron flow around PSI...

Chlorophyll fluorescence, yield and yield components of bread wheat affected by phosphate bio-fertilizer, zinc and boron under late-season heat stress

H. R. Eisvand, H. Kamaei, F. Nazarian

Photosynthetica 2018, 56(4):1287-1296 | DOI: 10.1007/s11099-018-0829-1

We examined effects of late-season heat stress (L-SHS) on chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence parameters and yield of bread wheat as well as roles of phosphate bio-fertilizer (PB-F) and Zn and B to compensate for the likely effects of heat stress. Factors were planting date (21 November and 5 January to coincide with grain filling to L-SHS) as the main factor, no inoculation (control) and inoculation of the seeds with PB-F as the sub-factor, and foliar application of water (control), Zn, B, and Zn + B as 3 L ha^-1 as sub-sub factor. Results revealed that L-SHS reduced maximal quantum yield of PSII photochemistry, effective quantum yield of PSII...

Quality of supplementary LED lighting effects on growth and photosynthesis of two different Lactuca recombinant inbred lines (RILs) grown in a tropical greenhouse

T. W. Choong, J. He, L. Qin, S. K. Lee

Photosynthetica 2018, 56(4):1278-1286 | DOI: 10.1007/s11099-018-0828-2

LED lamps with various combinations of red (R) and blue (B) wavelengths were used to supplement sunlight for the growth of a heat-resistant (HR) and heat-sensitive (HS) recombinant inbred lines (RIL) of lettuce. The RB-LED ratios were 100R:0B (0B), 92R:8B (8B), 84R:16B (16B), and 76R:24B (24B) with an equal PPFD of 100 μmol m^-2 s^-1. The greatest leaf expansion rates were observed at 8B for both genotypes. All HR-RILs had similar values of growth parameters and specific leaf area (SLA). However, higher values of growth parameters were observed in HS-RIL with 0B, 8B, and 16B than that under 24B and sunlight. Furthermore, HS-RIL...

Reduction of photosynthetic apparatus plays a key role in survival of the microalga Haematococcus pluvialis (Chlorophyceae) at freezing temperatures

K. Chekanov, S. Vasilieva, A. Solovchenko, E. Lobakova

Photosynthetica 2018, 56(4):1268-1277 | DOI: 10.1007/s11099-018-0841-5

The microalga Haematococcus pluvialis is a biotechnologically important microorganism producing a ketocarotenoid astaxanthin. Haematococcus exists either as metabolically active vegetative cells with a high chlorophyll content or astaxanthin-rich haematocysts (aplanospores). This microalga featuring outstanding tolerance to a wide range of adverse conditions is a highly suitable model for studies of freezing tolerance in phototrophs. The retention of H. pluvialis cell viability after freezing-thawing is ascribed to elevated antioxidant enzyme activity and high ketocarotenoid content. However, we report that only haematocysts characterized...

Chilling-induced reduction of photosynthesis is mitigated by exposure to elevated CO₂ concentrations

C. Arena, L. Vitale

Photosynthetica 2018, 56(4):1259-1267 | DOI: 10.1007/s11099-018-0843-3

This work aimed to evaluate if chilling stress may be mitigated by elevated CO₂ (EC) in Beta vulgaris L. plants. Photosynthetic rate was measured at 21% and 2% O₂ after a short-term exposure of 5 h at four different treatments: 360 μmol(CO₂) mol^-1/25°C (AC); 360 μmol(CO₂) mol^-1/4°C (AC+LT); 700 μmol(CO₂) mol^-1/25°C (EC); 700 μmol(CO₂) mol-1/4°C (EC+LT). Compared to AC+LT, EC+LT plants showed higher values of CO₂ fixation, photochemical activity, and Rubisco amount. These latter invest a higher portion of photosynthetic electron...

Zinc accumulation, photosynthetic gas exchange, and chlorophyll a fluorescence in Zn-stressed Miscanthus × giganteus plants

G. Andrejić, G. Gajić, M. Prica, Ž. Dželetović, T. Rakić

Photosynthetica 2018, 56(4):1249-1258 | DOI: 10.1007/s11099-018-0827-3

Accumulation and distribution of zinc within Miscanthus × giganteus plants grown on elevated Zn concentrations and their photosynthetic performance were investigated. High concentrations of Zn in soils caused an increase of its concentrations in all plant organs. The bioconcentration factor, bioaccumulation factor, and translocation factor were lower than one indicating that M. × giganteus is an excluder plant species. Excessive Zn induced visible leaf damage, i.e. chlorosis and necrosis, only in the oldest leaves, pointing to Zn accumulation. Elevated amounts of Zn in leaves significantly lowered the photosynthetic...

Hydrogen peroxide in regulation of plant metabolism: Signalling and its effect under abiotic stressReview

T.A. Khan, M. Yusuf, Q. Fariduddin

Photosynthetica 2018, 56(4):1237-1248 | DOI: 10.1007/s11099-018-0830-8

In plants, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) acts as a signalling molecule that facilitates various biochemical and physiological processes. H₂O₂ is a versatile molecule, involved in several cellular processes both under stress and stress-free conditions. In regulating plant metabolism under stress conditions, exogenous application of H₂O₂ also plays a pivotal role which is manifested in improved growth, photosynthetic capacity, and antioxidant protection. Abiotic stress is an inevitable environmental factor that extensively affects and reduces growth, quality, yield, and productivity of plants....

Our gratitude and congratulations to our guest editor Julian Eaton-Rye and thanks to all the 167 contributors to the special issue honoring professor GovindjeeLetter to the Editor

Győző Garab

Photosynthetica 2018, 56(4):1235-1236 | DOI: 10.1007/s11099-018-0826-4

Comparative photosynthetic attributes of emmer and modern wheats in response to water and nitrogen supply

M. Vaghar, P. Ehsanzadeh

Photosynthetica 2018, 56(4):1224-1234 | DOI: 10.1007/s11099-018-0825-5

A field study was conducted with the aim to elucidate photosynthetic responses of five emmer hulled wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccum) accessions to 30 (N-limited) and 100 kg(N) ha^-1 (N-sufficient) conditions at control and drought stress (irrigation after 30-40% and 60-70% depletion of available soil water, respectively). Chlorophyll (Chl) a and Chl b concentrations of the emmer wheats remained unchanged but net photosynthetic rate and dry mass increased and decreased, respectively, when received a sufficient amount of N. Smaller drought-induced decreases in Chl concentration, membrane stability index, and dry...

Combined stresses of light and chilling on photosynthesis of Fraxinus mandschurica seedlings in northeastern China

X. F. Li, L. Jin, C. Y. Zhu, Y. J. Wen, Y. Wang

Photosynthetica 2018, 56(4):1218-1223 | DOI: 10.1007/s11099-018-0803-y

The chilling and light stresses were experimentally created to explore photosynthesis of Fraxinus mandshurica seedlings in northeast China. Net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate decreased significantly with the decline of temperature and light. Significant interaction effects of light and chilling were observed on gas exchange of photosynthesis. The minimal fluorescence yield of the dark-adapted state (F₀) increased with increasing light and decreasing temperature. Both high and low light stresses induced the decreases of the maximal quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (F_v/F_m),...

Photosynthesis and leaf development of cherry tomato seedlings under different LED-based blue and red photon flux ratios

X. Y. Liu, X. L. Jiao, T. T. Chang, S. R. Guo, Z. G. Xu

Photosynthetica 2018, 56(4):1212-1217 | DOI: 10.1007/s11099-018-0814-8

We investigated the photosynthesis and leaf development of cherry tomato seedlings grown under five different combinations of red and blue light provided by light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Fresh biomass increased significantly under treatments with blue light percentages of 50, 60, and 75%, with 50% blue-light-grown seedlings accumulating significantly more dry mass. The 25% blue-light-grown seedlings were obviously weaker than those from the other LED treatments. An increase in net photosynthetic rate upon blue light exposure (25-60%) was associated with increases in leaf mass per unit leaf area, leaf area, leaf density, stomatal number, chloroplast...

Effects of exogenous calcium on mesophyll cell ultrastructure, gas exchange, and photosystem II in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum Linn.) under drought stress

W. Hu, S. B. Tian, Q. Di, S. H. Duan, K. Dai

Photosynthetica 2018, 56(4):1204-1211 | DOI: 10.1007/s11099-018-0822-8

The effects of calcium chloride solution (10 mmol L^-1) on mesophyll cell ultrastructure, gas exchange, chlorophyll and carotenoid content, and PSII in tobacco leaf were studied by simulating water deficit conditions via treatment with 25% PEG-6000 for 24 h. The results showed that under drought stress, the mesophyll cell structure and morphology were destroyed, photosynthesis and gas-exchange processes changed, photosynthetic pigment content decreased, and the electron transfer efficiency in PSII reduced. However, compared with the control treatment, under drought conditions, the addition of exogenous calcium could stabilize...

Physiological changes and growth promotion induced in poplar seedlings by the plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria Bacillus subtilis JS

J. H. Jang, S. -H. Kim, I. Khaine, M. J. Kwak, H. K. Lee, T. Y. Lee, W. Y. Lee, S. Y. Woo

Photosynthetica 2018, 56(4):1188-1203 | DOI: 10.1007/s11099-018-0801-0

This study aimed to determine the effects of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria Bacillus subtilis JS on the growth and physiological changes of Populus euramericana and Populus deltoides × P. nigra. Poplar seedlings were treated with B. subtilis JS and their growth was monitored for up to 120 d. Three different types of treatments [control, B1 (B. subtilis:double-distilled water, 1:100, v/v), and B2 (1:50)] were established. B. subtilis JS enhanced seedling height by 62% and total biomass by 37% after 120 d. Physiologically, the photosynthetic rate increased by 54%, and the total chlorophyll (Chl) content,...