Photosynthetica - Latest articles

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Light-response curve of photosynthesis and model fitting in leavesof Mangifera indica under different soil water conditions

Y.L. LI, X.G. LIU, K. HAO, Q.L. YANG, X.Q. YANG, W.H. ZHANG, Y. CONG

Photosynthetica 2019, 57(3):796-803 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2019.095

A pot experiment was performed to study the light-response curve of photosynthesis (P_N-PAR curve) of Mangifera indica and the applicability of light-response models under different soil water conditions. The experimental data were fitted and analyzed using the rectangular hyperbola model, the nonrectangular hyperbola model, the exponential model, the modified rectangular hyperbola model, and the kinetic model. The results showed that the optimal range of relative soil water content (RSWC) for the normal photosynthesis of M. indica was 45.1-77.3%. The modified rectangular hyperbola model could well fit the P_N-PAR...

Differences in light response characteristics of oil peonies from eight provenances in China

S.Y. WEI, Q.H. LEI, W.L. JI, R. FAN, D.Y. YANG, Y.L. ZHANG

Photosynthetica 2019, 57(3):788-795 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2019.058

Two tree peony species, Paeonia ostii and Paeonia rockii, from eight different provenances in China (four provenances for each species) were collected for their photosynthetic characteristics. Their diurnal variations of photosynthesis, the light- and CO₂-response curves and chlorophyll content were determined. Among all eight provenances, Ziwuling P. rockii had a significantly higher average daily net photosynthetic rate, showing a superior photosynthetic capacity, followed by Fengxiang P. ostii and Xunyang P. ostii. In addition, Ziwuling P. rockii had the highest maximum net photosynthetic rates,...

Photoprotection in heteromorphic leaves of savin juniper (Juniperus sabina L.)

J.L. ZHANG, X.H. XU, X.G. LI, Y.L. LI, R.D. GUY, H.P. CHEN

Photosynthetica 2019, 57(3):780-787 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2019.097

Savin juniper has green, photosynthetic branchlets with scale and/or needle leaves and these heteromorphic forms may contribute differentially to its success in open, arid environments. To test differences in photoprotection between fully sun-exposed scale-holding branchlets (SHB) and needle-holding branchlets (NHB), we measured gas exchange, chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence, and pigment concentrations. NHB had higher net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and intrinsic water-use efficiency. In contrast, SHB had higher nonphotochemical quenching. Chl a, Chl b, and antheraxanthin concentrations were higher in NHB. SHB had higher...

Differential response of growth and photosynthesis in diverse cotton genotypes under hypoxia stress

R. PAN, W. JIANG, Q. WANG, L. XU, S. SHABALA, W.Y. ZHANG

Photosynthetica 2019, 57(3):772-779 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2019.087

The objectives of the present study were to compare the dynamic of the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of cotton varieties contrasting in waterlogging (WL) tolerance when subjected to hypoxia stress. The growth of the WL-sensitive genotypes was notably inhibited by WL, mainly as a result of a significant reduction in the net photosynthesis (P_N) after two days of hypoxia treatment; in the tolerant varieties, no significant changes in P_N were observed until 8 d after hypoxia onset. The intercellular CO₂ concentration and maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII significantly declined, and the...

The long-term response of photosynthesis in walnut (Juglans regia L.) leaf to a leaf-to-fruit ratio

C.F. ZHANG, C.D. PAN, H. CHEN

Photosynthetica 2019, 57(3):762-771 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2019.079

For clarifying the relationship between a leaf-to-fruit ratio (LFR) and photosynthesis, LFR manipulation was performed with Juglans regia cv. Xinxin2 in order to test the photosynthesis response to LFR in source leaves. Results showed that LFR with one and two leaves was positively correlated with net photosynthetic rate (P_N), chlorophyll content, and specific leaf mass, implying extremely low LFR inhibited the leaf development. However, LFR with five leaves was negatively correlated with P_N, positively correlated with starch, but not related to intercellular CO₂ concentration, indicating the high...

How glycine betaine induces tolerance of cucumber plants to salinity stress?

A. ESTAJI, H.M. KALAJI, H.R. KARIMI, H.R. ROOSTA, S.M. MOOSAVI-NEZHAD

Photosynthetica 2019, 57(3):753-761 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2019.053

The mechanism of osmoprotectant action on photosynthesis process is still not well known, especially under salt stress. The objective of this study was to evaluate and explain the effect of glycine betaine (GB) on photosynthetic efficiency and other physiological parameters of cucumber plants grown under salinity stress. Our results indicated that salinity decreased chlorophyll and carotenoids content, Ca²⁺ and K⁺ concentrations, and quantum yield parameters, such as probability that a trapped exciton moves an electron in to the electron transport chain beyond Q_A, quantum yield of electron transport from Q_A...

Effect of light on ultrastructure of chloroplasts and post-storage performance of Hydrangea macrophylla (Hydrangeaceae)

G. PELLEGRINO, I. PERROTTA, A.M. PALERMO

Photosynthetica 2019, 57(3):748-752 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2019.092

The plants of Hydrangea are normally stored in dark conditions during shipping. In this study, Hydrangea macrophylla plants were stored for 0-15 d in light or darkness to evaluate the effect of the storage duration and condition on the chloroplast ultrastructure and chlorophyll (Chl) content. Moreover, the plants stored in the dark were transferred to a growth chamber to evaluate their resilience. The plants stored in the dark showed a decrease in number of chloroplasts and starch grains, and granal and intergranal thylakoids with irregular morphology. On the contrary, the same leaves showed an increase of the number of plastoglubuli....

Leaf wetting mitigates midday depression of photosynthesis in tomato plants

G. YOKOYAMA, D. YASUTAKE, T. TANIZAKI, M. KITANO

Photosynthetica 2019, 57(3):740-747 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2019.088

We studied the effects of leaf wetting on midday depression of photosynthesis regarding plant water balance and leaf morphological traits. The plants without leaf wetting showed a significant reduction in midday photosynthesis with a concomitant decrease with leaf conductance, because of lower leaf water potential (-1.3 MPa) due to excessive transpiration water loss. However, midday depression was not observed in the plants with leaf wetting. Lower contact angle between leaf surface and water droplet showed that tomato leaves have lower water repellency. However, water on the leaf surface completely dried within 20 min indicating that effect of water...

Photosynthetic response of cabbage in cadmium-spiked soil

R. BĄCZEK-KWINTA, K. JUZOŃ, M. BOREK, J. ANTONKIEWICZ

Photosynthetica 2019, 57(3):731-739 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2019.070

Efficiency of a photosynthetic apparatus in plants growing in cadmium-spiked soil as well as plant biomass and cadmium accumulation were assessed in two cabbage cultivars (early and late) in a long-term pot experiment. Cadmium concentrations were 10 and 40 mg(Cd) per kg of dry mass of soil. The early cultivar showed a dose-dependent and stable decrease in SPAD index, while in plants of the late cultivar the response was reversible and less pronounced. A huge drop in the effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry, photochemical quenching, nonphotochemical quenching, and electron transport rate in the third week of vegetation indicated susceptibility...

The anatomical, physiological, and molecular analysis of a chlorophyll-deficient mutant in tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa)

Q.S. CHANG, L.X. ZHANG, X.G. HOU, Z. WANG, N. WANG, M.G. GONG, Q.M. ZHANG, H. CHEN, Z.Q. SHI, C.C. DENG

Photosynthetica 2019, 57(3):724-730 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2019.049

Tree peony is a famous ornamental plant in the world. However, little is known about the leaf color mutants in tree peony. The present study monitored the physiological and photosynthetic properties of a yellow leaf mutant (yl1) in tree peony. The results showed that the yl1 mutant had lower pigment contents, but increased chlorophyll (Chl) a/b and carotenoids to Chl ratio. Microstructure and ultrastructure analysis showed that the yl1 mutant had smaller chloroplasts, few thylakoid stacks, and a few stroma thylakoid membranes remained along with clusters of osmiophilic granules, which might result from inhibition...

Hydrogen sulfide regulates photosynthesis of tall fescue under low-light stress

Y.H. LIU, X.H. ZHANG, B.W. LIU, B. AO, Q. LIU, S.Y. WEN, Y.F. XU

Photosynthetica 2019, 57(3):714-723 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2019.094

Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) is regarded as gaseous signaling molecule in plant response to various biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, we investigated potential role of H₂S in modulating photosynthesis in low light (LL) stress-induced tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) seedlings. Results demonstrated that LL significantly reduced the plant height, leaf width, tiller number, dry mass, turf quality, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO₂ concentration, transpiration rate, maximal quantum yield of PSII photochemistry, photochemical efficiency of PSII, photochemical...

LETTER TO THE EDITOR
The energy flux theory celebrates 40 years: toward a systems biology concept?

M. DA SILVA PONTES, R. MALDONADO RODRIGUEZ, E.F. SANTIAGO

Photosynthetica 2019, 57(2):521-522 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2019.067

In 2018, the theory of energy fluxes in biomembranes (TEFB) developed by Professor Dr. Reto Jörg Strasser (one of the most influential leaders in the deep understanding and application of chlorophyll a fluorescence) celebrated its 40^th anniversary (Strasser 1978).

LETTER TO THE EDITOR
Inclusion of photoprotective parameters in photosynthesis-measuring systems to improve the interpretation of photosynthesis and productivity

C.C. OGBAGA, H.U.R. ATHAR

Photosynthetica 2019, 57(2):712-713 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2019.041

While reading the paper by Vredenberg (2018) published in Photosynthetica (10 January, 2018), I was inspired to write this letter.

Discovering trends in photosynthesis using modern analytical tools:More than 100 reasons to use chlorophyll fluorescence

W. BĄBA, A. KOMPAŁA-BĄBA, M. ZABOCHNICKA-ŚWIĄTEK, J. LUŹNIAK, R. HANCZARUK, A. ADAMSKI, H.M. KALAJI

Photosynthetica 2019, 57(2):668-679 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2019.069

In this review, using the network analysis, based on the bibliometric data, collected from Web of Science Core Collection database, we followed the development of chlorophyll fluorescence research (CFR) during 1947-2018. We confirmed dramatic increase in diversity of CFR from late 90-ties and vigorous development of this discipline in the last ten years. They are parallel to an increase in number of research areas and institutions involved and were triggered by the accumulation of knowledge and methodological, technological, and communication advances, especially modern fluorimeters and fluorescence techniques. The network analysis of keywords...

Photosynthetic activity of red and green leaf sectors in Coleus blumei plants as sensed by chlorophyll fluorescence

K.H. LIN, M.Y. HUANG, J.H. WENG, S.C. KAO

Photosynthetica 2019, 57(2):659-667 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2019.051

The changes and responses in the chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence (ChlF) components were studied on the red and green parts of leaves in three Coleus blumei varieties under different light intensities. Chl a, carotenoids (Car), and SPAD were linearly, positively, and significantly correlated with total Chl [i.e., Chl (a+b)] of red and green leaves. Significant differences in Chl and Car contents were noted between differentially pigmented sectors of the leaf, but no anthocyanin content was found in the green parts compared to red leaves. Values of minimal and maximal fluorescence yields in dark- and light-adapted states...

Responses of photosynthetic apparatus in sunflower cultivars to combined drought and salt stress

M. UMAR, Z. UDDIN, Z.S. SIDDIQUI

Photosynthetica 2019, 57(2):627-639 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2019.043

Response of photosynthetic apparatus in some sunflower cultivars, i.e., S.28111, Hysun-33, Hysun-39, and SF0049, to salt, drought, and combined stresses were studied. The combined stress caused severe damage to photosynthetic apparatus as compared to single stress. The maximum quantum yield of PSII, phenomenological fluxes, plastoquinone pool size, performance indexes, and driving force of absorption were greatly affected by the combined stress. Among the cultivars, the combined stress produced synergistic effect (greater damage) in Hysun-33 and cross-tolerance (lesser damage) in S.28111. Similarly, concerning the ion imbalance, S.28111 and...

Photoinhibition and continuous growth of the wild-type and a high-light tolerant strain of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

O. VIRTANEN, D. VALEV, O. KRUSE, L. WOBBE, E. TYYSTJÄRVI

Photosynthetica 2019, 57(2):617-626 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2019.056

The volumetric productivity of the high-light tolerant strain hit2 of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was found to be higher than that of the parental strain CC124 during continuous growth at PPFD from 200 to 1,500 µmol m^-2 s^-1. At PPFD of 1,250 µmol m^-2 s^-1, hit2 produced 2.53 ± 0.18 and CC124 produced 2.05 ± 0.12 g(biomass) dm^-3 d^-1. The rate constant of photoinhibition of hit2 was less than half of that of CC124, suggesting that hit2 produces more biomass than CC124 because hit2 does not need...

Dorsoventral regulation of photosynthetic functions related to morphological and anatomical structures in field-grown sorghum

X. WANG, Y. SHI, Q. WANG, Y. LI

Photosynthetica 2019, 57(2):607-616 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2019.085

The rapid dorsoventral regulation of photosynthesis is important because the light conditions around both surfaces of field-grown leaves vary considerably. The photosynthetic asymmetry has been intensively studied, but structure-related explanations for asymmetry were not exactly clarified. This study aimed to investigate the photosynthetic asymmetry in field-grown Sorghum bicolor L. and analyze the impacts of dorsoventral structures on photosynthesis. We found that the photosynthetic asymmetry changed with light conditions, and adaxial surfaces had higher primary photochemical activity owing to higher mesophyll density, while abaxial surfaces...

Effects of nitrogen supply on the photosynthetic capacity of the hybrid citrus cultivar 'Huangguogan'

L. LIAO, J.L. FU, T.T. DONG, X. QIU, Y. RONG, X.Y. LIU, Z.X. DONG, G.C. SUN, Z.H. WANG

Photosynthetica 2019, 57(2):581-589 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2019.083

Pot experiments were conducted to determine the effects of nitrogen (N) fertilization rate on the photosynthetic efficiency of 'Huangguogan' (Citrus reticulata × Citrus sinensis). We observed that plant growth increased with increasing N. Maximum values for parameters evaluated were recorded for an N addition rate of 120 g per year. Leaf chlorophyll content was positively correlated with the leaf N content. The relative reduction in photosynthetic rate (P_N) at high N (150 and 180 g) correlated with the parallel decreases in the leaf N content. Rubisco activity was positively correlated with the initial slope of the...

Downregulation of PSII activity and increased cyclic electron transport in cotton prevents PSI from photoinhibition due to night chilling

F. XIAO, Y.L. ZHANG, Y.L. YANG, W.F. ZHANG

Photosynthetica 2019, 57(2):523-532 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2019.072

The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of night chilling on the photosynthetic characteristics of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) at a boll-forming stage. The results suggest that overreduction of PSII after night chilling (≤ 10°C) led to excess excitation energy in cotton leaves. The night chilling (compared to 22°C) reduced PSI acceptor side limitation under moderate and high light intensity and increased maximum photooxidizable P700. This suggests that in contrast to PSII, PSI was protected from photoinhibition due to night chilling. However, PSII activity and linear electron transport were not significantly affected...

The density of barnyard grass affects photosynthesis and physiological characteristics of rice

X.L. WANG, Z.Y. ZHANG, X.M. XU, G. LI

Photosynthetica 2019, 57(2):705-711 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2019.075

Barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli) is a troublesome graminaceous weed infesting rice fields in the Yangtze River Basin, China. However, the effects of barnyard grass on rice root physiology are unclear. In this study, the effects of barnyard grass, planted at different densities (ranging from 2-8 plants m^-2), on rice performance were evaluated, including chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, Rubisco activity, root oxidation activity, and the zeatin + zeatin riboside concentration. The results indicated that rice photosynthesis and physiological characteristics decreased as the density of barnyard grass increased. The rice net...

Relationship between photosynthesis, bleeding-sap mass, and bleeding components in maize hybrids and corresponding parents in northern China

Z. HE, C. XU, B. LIU, B. YAO, H. WANG, Z.Y. CHEN, D.Y. LI, Z.Y. BAI, Z.A. ZHANG

Photosynthetica 2019, 57(2):698-704 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2019.096

Currently, the main maize production areas in northeastern China are facing soil fertility loss, which severely affects root growth and limits photosynthesis. It is widely acknowledged that physiological conditions of the root system are closely related to the photosynthetic capacity; therefore, we evaluated whether there are certain differences in root bleeding sap characteristics and photosynthetic capacity between the hybrids and their parents. The results showed that heterosis of the photosynthetic capacity occurred at the milk-ripe stage; however, heterosis of bleeding-sap mass (BSM) and organic biomass occurred during the whole growth period....

Effects of Pb and Zn toxicity on chlorophyll fluorescence and biomass production of Koelreuteria paniculata and Zelkova schneideriana young plants

X.H. HUANG, F. ZHU, W.D. YAN, X.Y. CHEN, G.J. WANG, R.J. WANG

Photosynthetica 2019, 57(2):688-697 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2019.050

The influence of Pb and Zn on chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence and plant growth of one-year-old Koelreuteria paniculata and Zelkova schneideriana young plants was investigated. Pb and Zn contents in plant organs were measured. The results showed Pb and Zn stress decreased photochemical quenching and quantum efficiency of PSII, but increased energy dissipation in the tested plants. At the same time, maximum net photosynthetic rate, maximum quantum use efficiency, and organ biomass were reduced. Under the same concentration of heavy metals, the damage induced by Zn toxicity was more serious than that of Pb. Pb was less accumulated in leaves,...

The mechanism of starch content increase in grain of autotetraploid rice (Oryza sativa L.)

P.M. YANG, X.R. ZHOU, Q.C. HUANG

Photosynthetica 2019, 57(2):680-687 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2019.044

Net photosynthetic rate (P_N), photorespiration (P_R), chlorophyll (Chl) content, Chl fluorescence parameters, starch accumulation, and related key enzyme activities were determined during the grain-filling stage in two autotetraploid lines and corresponding diploid rice lines. The results showed that autotetraploid rice lines had a higher Chl content, P_N, electron transport rate, maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII, actual photochemical efficiency of PSII, and lower P_R in leaves than that in corresponding diploid rice lines during the grain-filling stage. It indicated that...

JIP-test in assessing sensitivity to nitrogen deficiency in two cultivars of Actinidia arguta (Siebold et Zucc.) Planch. ex Miq.

T. SWOCZYNA, B. ŁATA, A. STASIAK, J. STEFANIAK, P. LATOCHA

Photosynthetica 2019, 57(2):646-658 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2019.057

Optimal nitrogen availability is necessary to keep high photosynthetic efficiency and in consequence, good physiological condition and growth of plants. In order to examine the effect of N nutrition on photosynthetic apparatus performance we used the chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChF) technique in two differing Actinidia cultivars and we aimed to select the most reliable ChF parameters showing N deficiency. The 4-years-old specimens growing on an experimental plantation were treated with three differing N doses and ChF data were collected during two years. The results showed that PSII performance indices, performance index on the absorption...

The effect of potassium on photosynthetic acclimation in cucumber during CO₂ enrichment

X. DABU, S. LI, Z. CAI, T. GE, M. HAI

Photosynthetica 2019, 57(2):640-645 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2019.073

Long-term CO₂ enrichment (1,000 μmol mol^-1) leads to photosynthetic acclimation in cucumber. Here, through hydroponic experiments in an open-top climate chamber system, we investigated key photosynthetic parameters of cucumbers using potassium stimulation (120 or 240 mg L^-1). Short-term CO₂ enrichment (less than 25 days) significantly increased the net photosynthetic rate in cucumber. However, long-term CO₂ enrichment (43 d) led to photosynthetic acclimation and decrease in stomatal conductance. The increase in potassium alleviated the decrease in photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance,...

Efficacy of TiO₂ nanoparticles in enhancing the photosynthesis, essential oil and khusimol biosynthesis in Vetiveria zizanioides L. Nash

A. SHABBIR, M.M.A. KHAN, B. AHMAD, Y. SADIQ, H. JALEEL, M. UDDIN

Photosynthetica 2019, 57(2):599-606 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2019.071

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂NPs) have intrigued scientists due to their plant growth elicitor activity and potential to strengthen the photosynthetic machinery of plants. Therefore, we investigated if foliar application of TiO₂NPs could enhance the photosynthetic characteristics and the yield of essential oil-bearing multi-purpose crop, Vetiveria zizanioides. Of the various concentrations (30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 mg L^-1), 90 mg(TiO₂NPs) L^-1 was found being significant enough in mproving most of the parameters studied. At 300 d after transplantation, foliar application of TiO₂NPs...

Acetylcholine mechanism of action to enhance tolerance to salt stress in Nicotiana benthamiana

C. QIN, Y.Y. SU, B.S. LI, Y.Q. CHENG, C.C. WEI, S. YUAN, N. AHMED, M. ASHRAF, L.X. ZHANG

Photosynthetica 2019, 57(2):590-598 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2019.084

Acetylcholine (ACh) is one of the important neurotransmitters, involved in signal transduction function in human and animal brain. However, the influence of ACh treatment on salt-stress tolerance in plants is yet unknown. Salt stress caused a reduction in gas-exchange parameters, chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzyme activities, and leaf relative water content of Nicotiana benthamiana plants. However, the above inhibitions could be significantly alleviated by application of leaf spray or root application of ACh. Exogenous ACh reduced the accumulation of malondialdehyde by enhancing activities of antioxidant enzymes such as peroxidase and superoxide...

Distribution and effects of ionic titanium application on energy partitioning and quantum yield of soybean under different light conditions

S. HUSSAIN, N. IQBAL, M.A. RAZA, M.N. KHAN, S. AHMED, T. RAHMAN, P. CHEN, X. WANG, X. DU, W. LIU, W. YANG

Photosynthetica 2019, 57(2):572-580 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2019.074

Soybean growth and development response to ionic titanium application have never been investigated. Therefore, such study is needed to better explain the titanium (Ti) application for soybean crop. For the first time, we studied the effects of application of two Ti concentrations (12.5 and 25 mg L^-1) on photosynthetic and chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence parameters of soybean under normal light (NL) and shade conditions (SC). Compared to NL, SC significantly decreased Chl contents, leaf area (LA), leaf thickness (LT), plant dry mater (PDM), photosynthetic and Chl fluorescence parameters, total soluble sugar, and Ti uptake. Overall, Ti application...

Effect of salt stress on the growth and photosystem II photochemical characteristics of Lycium ruthenicum Murr. seedlings

Y.-Y. GUO, H.-S. NIE, H.-Y. YU, D.-S. KONG, J.-Y. WU

Photosynthetica 2019, 57(2):564-571 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2019.068

The present study aimed to determine effects of salt stress on Lycium ruthenicum Murr. seedlings. Our results showed that mild and moderate salt stress were beneficial to L. ruthenicum seedling growth. Minimal fluorescence increased and maximum fluorescence decreased gradually with the increasing levels of salt stress. Absorption flux per reaction center (RC), trapped energy flux per RC, and trapped energy flux per optical cross section (CS) increased significantly, while electron transport flux per CS decreased with salt stress duration and rising salt concentration. During salt stress, there was a gradual decline in probability that...