Chlorophyll Fluorescence as a Tool in Cereal Crop Research

O.H. Sayed

Photosynthetica 2003, 41(3):321-330 | DOI: 10.1023/B:PHOT.0000015454.36367.e2

Chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence is a subtle reflection of primary reactions of photosynthesis. Intricate relationships between fluorescence kinetics and photosynthesis help our understanding of photosynthetic biophysical processes. Chl fluorescence technique is useful as a non-invasive tool in eco-physiological studies, and has extensively been used in assessing plant responses to environmental stress. The review gives a summary of some Chl fluorescence parameters currently used in studies of stress physiology of selected cereal crops, namely water stress, heat stress, salt stress, and chilling stress.

Effect of High Temperature on Photosynthetic Electron Transport Activities of the Cyanobacterium Spirulina Platensis

V. Venkataramanaiah, P. Sudhir, S.D.S. Murthy

Photosynthetica 2003, 41(3):331-334 | DOI: 10.1023/B:PHOT.0000015455.69471.7a

The activities of photosystem 2 (PS2) and whole chain electron transport declined in high temperature treated cells at the room temperature beyond 35 °C, while photosystem 1 (PS1) showed increased activity. Thylakoid membrane studies did not exhibit increase in PS1 activity indicating that the enhancement of PS1 activity is due to permeability change of cell membranes. However, the electron transport activity measured from reduced duroquinone to methylviologen which involves intersystem electron transport was extremely sensitive to high temperature. The activity of PS2 at different irradiance, which was accompanied by alterations in absorption and...

Protective Effect of Triacontanol Against Acidic Mists in Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merrill Seedlings: Differential Responses in Growth, ¹⁴CO₂ Fixation, Ribulose-1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase, and Electron Transport Activities

K. Muthuchelian, V. Meenakshi, N. Nedunchezhian

Photosynthetica 2003, 41(3):335-341 | DOI: 10.1023/B:PHOT.0000015456.31325.db

Seedlings of tropical leguminous tree Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merrill were exposed for 7 d to acidic mist (AM, induced by H₂SO₄) of pH 5.6, 4.0, and 2.0. AM significantly reduced seedling growth (root and shoot length, leaf density, leaf area, fresh and dry mass accumulation) and photosynthetic activities. In thylakoids isolated from leaves treated at pH 4.0 and 2.0 a decrease in the activities of photosystem (PS) 2 and whole chain electron transport was observed, but PS1 activity did not change. When the seedlings were subsequently sprayed with triacontanol (TRIA), the AM effect was partially or completely reversed indicating...

Foyer, C.H., Noctor, G. (ed.): Photosynthetic Nitrogen Assimilation and Associated Carbon and Respiratory Metabolism

Z. Šesták

Photosynthetica 2003, 41(3):342 | DOI: 10.1023/B:PHOT.0000015524.22576.03

A Test of Gas Exchange Measurements on Excised Canopy Branches of Ten Tropical Tree Species

L.S. Santiago, S.S. Mulkey

Photosynthetica 2003, 41(3):343-347 | DOI: 10.1023/B:PHOT.0000015457.92479.eb

We studied gas exchange of leaves on branches that had been cut and then re-cut under water to assess the utility of measuring gas exchange on leaves of excised canopy branches. There was large variation between species in their ability to photosynthesize following excision. Some species maintained up to 86.5% of intact photosynthetic rate 60 min after excision, whereas other species dropped below 40% of intact photosynthetic rates within 3 min. Three species showed significant reductions in maximum rates of gross photosynthetic rate (P_G) on leaves of excised branches relative to intact branches. Excision significantly reduced carboxylation...

Theodoropoulos, D.I.: Invasion Biology. Critique of a Pseudoscience. - Avvar Books, Blythe 2003

J. Krekule

Photosynthetica 2003, 41(3):348 | DOI: 10.1023/B:PHOT.0000015529.43072.73

Effect of Radiation Quality on Growth and Photosynthesis of Acacia mangium Seedlings

Hua Yu, Bee-Lian Ong

Photosynthetica 2003, 41(3):349-355 | DOI: 10.1023/B:PHOT.0000015458.11643.b2

Radiation quality was an important environmental cue to stimulate seed germination in Acacia mangium. The photo-synthetic CO₂ assimilation rate, dark respiration rate, total biomass, and relative growth rate of seedlings grown under monochromatic radiation were significantly lower than those of seedlings grown under full spectrum radiation. Blue and red radiation induced shade-avoidance and shade-tolerant responses of A. mangium seedlings, respectively.

Britton, N.F.: Essential Mathematical Biology

V. Kotvalt

Photosynthetica 2003, 41(3):356 | DOI: 10.1023/B:PHOT.0000015523.14609.5a

Photosynthesis and Activity of Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in Nicotiana tabacum L. Leaves Infected by Potato virus A and Potato virus Y

H. Ryšlavá, K. Müller, Š. Semorádová, H. Synková, N. Čeřovská

Photosynthetica 2003, 41(3):357-363 | DOI: 10.1023/B:PHOT.0000015459.22769.bf

The influence of viral infection caused by two different potyviruses, Potato virus Y (PVY) and Potato virus A (PVA) on plant metabolism and photosynthetic apparatus of Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Samsun and cv. Petit Havana SR1 was studied. The main stress was focused on the activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), NADP-malic enzyme (NADP-ME), and pyruvate phosphate dikinase (PPDK). The analysis of the presence of viral proteins, enzyme activities, and different photosynthetic parameters showed the time dependent progress of viral infection and NADP-ME and PEPC activities. PVY caused significant response, while...

Kirichenko, E.B.: Russko-Frantsuzsko-Angliïskiï Slovar'. Fiziologiya i Biokhimiya Rasteniï. [Russian-French-English Dictionary. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry.]

Z. Šesták

Photosynthetica 2003, 41(3):364 | DOI: 10.1023/B:PHOT.0000015526.23154.19

Developmental Change in CO₂ Compensation Concentrations in Spartina alterniflora Results from Sigmoidal Photosynthetic CO₂ Responses

M.O. Bärlocher, D.A. Campbell, S. Al-Asaaed, R.J. Ireland

Photosynthetica 2003, 41(3):365-372 | DOI: 10.1023/B:PHOT.0000015460.48593.00

We investigated seasonal patterns of photosynthetic responses to CO₂ concentrations in Spartina alterniflora Loisel, an aerenchymous halophyte grass, from a salt marsh of the Bay of Fundy (NB, Canada), and from plants grown from rhizome in controlled-environment chambers. From late May to August, CO₂ compensation concentrations (Γ) of field-grown leaves varied between 2.5-10.7 cm³(CO₂) m^-3, with a mean of 5.4 cm³(CO₂) m^-3. From September onwards field leaves showed CO₂ compensation concentrations from 6.6-21.1 cm³(CO₂)...

Leaf Longevity, Construction, and Maintenance Costs of Three Mangrove Species Under Field Conditions

N. Suárez

Photosynthetica 2003, 41(3):373-381 | DOI: 10.1023/B:PHOT.0000015461.36848.c5

This study assessed the effect of leaf age on construction cost (CC) in the mangrove species Avicennia germinans, Laguncularia racemosa, and Rhizophora mangle growing in their natural habitat. Leaf osmolality values were species-specific, the highest in A. germinans (1 693 mmol kg^-1) and the lowest in L. racemosa (1 270 mmol kg^-1). In the three species, contents of chlorophyll (a+b) (Chl_a+b) and nitrogen (N) per unit of leaf area were maximal in adult leaves and tended to decline with age. Leaf mass to leaf area ratio (LMA) and ash content increased during leaf ageing. Similarly,...

Helbling, E.W. Zagarese, H. (ed.): UV Effects in Aquatic Organisms and Ecosystems

O. Prášil

Photosynthetica 2003, 41(3):382 | DOI: 10.1023/B:PHOT.0000015525.07495.69

Role of Light-harvesting Complex 2 Dissociation in Protecting the Photosystem 2 Reaction Centres Against Photodamage in Soybean Leaves and Thylakoids

Hai-Bo Zhang, Da-Quan Xu

Photosynthetica 2003, 41(3):383-391 | DOI: 10.1023/B:PHOT.0000015462.71601.d7

The protective role of light-harvesting complex 2 (LHC2) dissociation from photosystem 2 (PS2) complex was explored by the 5'-p-fluorosulfonylbenzoyl adenosine (FSBA, an inhibitor of protein kinase) treatment at saturating irradiance (SI) in soybean leaves and thylakoids. The dissociation of some LHC2s from PS2 complex occurred after SI treatment, but FSBA treatment inhibited the dissociation as demonstrated by analysis of sucrose density gradient centrifugation of thylakoid preparation and low-temperature (77 K) chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence. A significant increase in F₀ and decrease in F_v/F_m occurred after...

Peat, J., Elliott, E., Baur, L., Keena, V.: Scientific Writing. Easy When You Know How

Z. Šesták

Photosynthetica 2003, 41(3):392 | DOI: 10.1023/B:PHOT.0000015527.26726.af

Gas Exchange, Photochemical Efficiency, and Leaf Water Potential in Three Salix Species

M.Z. Liu, G.M. Jiang, Y.G. Li, L.M. Gao, S.L. Niu, H.X. Cui, L. Ding

Photosynthetica 2003, 41(3):393-398 | DOI: 10.1023/B:PHOT.0000015463.04706.f3

Gas exchange, photochemical efficiency, and leaf water potential (Ψ_l) of Salix matsudana (non-indigenous species), S. microstachya and S. gordejevii (indigenous species) were studied in Hunshandak Sandland, China. Ψ_l of all the three species decreased from 06:00 to 12:00, and increased afterwards. S. matsudana showed higher values of Ψ_l than others. Net photosynthetic rate (P_N) and stomatal conductance (g_s) of S. matsudana were the lowest among all, with the maximum P_N at 10:00 being 75% of that of S. gordejevii....

Comparison of Whole System of Carbon and Nitrogen Accumulation Between Two Maize Hybrids Differing in Leaf Senescence

Ping He, Mitsuru Osaki, Masako Takebe, Takuro Shinano

Photosynthetica 2003, 41(3):399-405 | DOI: 10.1023/B:PHOT.0000015464.27370.60

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) balance in relation to grain formation and leaf senescence in two different senescent types of maize (Zea mays L.), one stay-green (cv. P3845) and one earlier senescent (cv. Hokkou 55). In comparison with Hokkou 55, P3845 had a higher N concentration (N_c) in the leaves and a higher specific N absorption rate by roots (SAR_N), which indicated that a large amount of N was supplied to the leaves from the roots during maturation. This resulted in a higher photosynthetic rate, which supports saccharide distribution to roots. Thus, stay-green plants...

Science Editors' Handbook. - European Association of Science Editors, West Clandon 2003

Z. Šesták

Photosynthetica 2003, 41(3):406 | DOI: 10.1023/B:PHOT.0000015528.05435.56

Biomass Partitioning and Gas Exchange in Dalbergia sissoo seedlings under water stress

B. Singh, G. Singh

Photosynthetica 2003, 41(3):407-414 | DOI: 10.1023/B:PHOT.0000015465.86985.53

Biomass, leaf water potential (Ψ_l), net photosynthetic rate (P_N), transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (g_s), leaf to air temperature difference (T_diff), and instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE) were measured in the seedlings of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. grown under irrigation of 20 (W₁), 14 (W₂), 10 (W₃), and 8 (W₄) mm. Treatments were maintained by re-irrigation when water content of the soil reached 7.4% in W₁, 5.6% in W₂, 4.3% in W₃, and 3.2% in W₄. Seedlings in a control...

Photosynthetic Gas Exchange and Chlorophyll a Fluorescence of Three Wild Soybean Species in Response to NaCl Treatments

W. Y. Kao, T. T. Tsai, C. N. Shih

Photosynthetica 2003, 41(3):415-419 | DOI: 10.1023/B:PHOT.0000015466.22288.23

Responses of photosynthetic gas exchange and chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence of three wild soybeans, Glycine soja, G. tomentella, and G. tabacina occurring in different habitats of Taiwan, to four NaCl treatments, 0S, LS, MS, and HS (i.e. 0, 17, 51, and 85 mM NaCl) were compared. In G. soja following exposure to NaCl treatment for one month, the photon saturated photosynthetic rate (P_N), the ratio of variable to maximum fluorescence (F_v/F_m), the quantum yield of photosystem 2 (Φ_PS2), and the electron transport rate (ETR) decreased dramatically. These reductions...

Regulation of Photosynthesis by Radiation Quality in the Lichen Evernia prunastri

M. Segovia, F.L. Figueroa

Photosynthetica 2003, 41(3):421-428 | DOI: 10.1023/B:PHOT.0000015467.08278.dc

In Evernia prunastri, photosynthetic gas exchange was saturated with yellow radiation (SOX) at 400 μmol m^-2s^-1, and then red (R), far-red (FR), or blue (B) radiations at irradiance of 15 μmol m^-2s^-1 were added. Because of photosynthesis saturation, any stimulation or decay in CO₂ assimilation by any radiation quality could be attributed to the involvement of a non-photosynthetic photoreceptor. Thus CO₂ assimilation, effective quantum yield, and photochemical quenching were enhanced when R was included, and decreased with FR. Blue radiation completely abolished CO₂...

Photosynthetic Parameters of Maize (Zea mays L.) Inbred Lines and F₁ Hybrids: Their Different Response to, and Recovery from Rapid or Gradual Onset of Low-temperature Stress

D. Holá, K. Langrová, M. Kočová, O. Rothová

Photosynthetica 2003, 41(3):429-442 | DOI: 10.1023/B:PHOT.0000015468.67892.9c

The activity of photosystems (PS) 1 and 2, together with the content and ratio of photosynthetic pigments, were measured in three inbred lines and two F₁ hybrids of maize (Zea mays L.), grown in either optimum or low temperature (LT) conditions. The ability of chilling-stressed plants to deal with the negative effects of long-term exposure to LT and to recover the efficiency of photosynthetic apparatus after their return to optimum temperatures was examined during spring and autumn seasons. The aim was to analyse the possible differences between the rapid and gradual onset of LT on the response of young maize plants to chilling stress....

Variation in Photosynthetic Characteristics and Leaf Area Contributes to Spathiphyllum Cultivar Differences in Biomass Production

Qibing Wang, Jianjun Chen

Photosynthetica 2003, 41(3):443-447 | DOI: 10.1023/B:PHOT.0000015469.80667.44

Three genetically related Spathiphyllum cultivars, Claudia, Double Take, and Petite with similar initial sizes and biomass, were grown in a shaded greenhouse and fertilized with a constant supply of nitrogen at 200 g m^-3 using an ebb-and-flow fertigation system. Seven months later, Claudia and Double Take had plant sizes and biomasses significantly greater than Petite. Stomatal conductances of Claudia and Double Take were 30 % greater, thus net photosynthetic rates (P_N) were significantly higher than in Petite. In addition, the leaf areas (LA) of Claudia and Double Take were 60 % larger than of Petite. Since P_N...

Niu, S.L., Jiang, G.M., Li, Y.G., Gao, L.M., Liu, M.Z., Peng, Y., Ding, L.: Comparison of photosynthetic traits between two typical shrubs: legume and non-legume in Hunshandak Sandland.-Photosynthetica 41: 111-116, 2003

Photosynthetica 2003, 41(3):448 | DOI: 10.1023/B:PHOT.0000015530.98154.72

Crassulacean Acid Metabolism and Survival of Asexual Propagules of Sedum wrightii

D.A. Gravatt

Photosynthetica 2003, 41(3):449-452 | DOI: 10.1023/B:PHOT.0000015470.62261.48

In Sedum wrightii grown in a growth chamber, detached leaves could survive for at least 120 d with a high rate of success for propagule formation. The pattern of gas exchange, associated with CAM, may be important in extending the period during which the detached leaf remains physiologically active. The added benefit for the developing propagule, still attached to the "parent" leaf, is an additional source of water and saccharide reserves over an extended period necessary for rooting. Drought survival of propagules may be determined by the amount of water-storing tissue in the detached leaf.

Bibliography of Reviews and Methods of Photosynthesis - 87

Z. Šesták, J. Čatský

Photosynthetica 2003, 41(3):453-480 | DOI: 10.1023/B:PHOT.0000015522.69348.3d