Photosynthetica, 2007 (vol. 45), issue 4

Photosynthetica 2007, 45(4):489 | DOI: 10.1007/s11099-007-0084-3

Effects of nitrogen supply restriction on gas exchange and photosystem 2 function in flag leaves of a traditional low-yield cultivar and a recently improved high-yield cultivar of rice (Oryza sativa L.)

E. Kumagai1,*, T. Araki2, F. Kubota2
1 Laboratory of Plant Production Physiology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
2 Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan

The effects of nitrogen (N) supply restriction on the CO2 assimilation and photosystem 2 (PS2) function of flag leaves were compared between two contrastive Japanese rice cultivars, a low-yield cultivar released one century ago, cv. Shirobeniya (SRB), and a recently improved high-yield cultivar, cv. Akenohoshi (AKN). Both cultivars were solution-cultured at four N supply levels from N4 (control) to N1 (the lowest). With a reduction in N-supply, contents of N (LNC), ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBPCO), and chlorophyll (Chl) in flag leaves decreased in both cultivars. In parallel with this, the net photosynthetic rate (P N), mesophyll conductance (g m), and stomatal conductance (g s) decreased. P N was more dominantly restricted by g m than g s. The values of P N, g m, and RuBPCO content were larger in AKN than SRB at the four N supply levels. The content of Chl greatly decreased with N deficiency, but the reduction in the maximum quantum yield of PS2 was relatively small. Quantum yield of PS2 (ΦPS2) decreased with N deficiency, and its significant cultivar difference was observed between the two cultivars at N1: a high value was found in AKN. The content ratio of Chl/RuBPCO was also significantly low in AKN. The low Chl/RuBPCO is one of the reasons why AKN maintained a comparatively high P N and ΦPS2 at N deficiency. The adequate ratio of N distribution between Chl and RuBPCO is the important prerequisite for the efficient and sustainable photosynthesis in a flag leaf of rice plant under low N-input.

Keywords: chlorophyll; chlorophyll fluorescence; dry matter production; leaf area; mesophyll conductance; net photosynthetic rate; non-photochemical quenching; quantum yield; ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase, oxygenase; stomatal conductance

Received: December 5, 2006; Accepted: March 6, 2007; Published: December 1, 2007Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Kumagai, E., Araki, T., & Kubota, F. (2007). Effects of nitrogen supply restriction on gas exchange and photosystem 2 function in flag leaves of a traditional low-yield cultivar and a recently improved high-yield cultivar of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Photosynthetica, 45(4), 489. doi: 10.1007/s11099-007-0084-3.
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. Araki, T., Yasuoka, M., Kubota, F.: Cultivaral difference in growth sustainability of rice species grown in low nitrogen input condition.-J. Fac. Agr. Kyushu Univ. 50: 543-550, 2005.
    2. Bilger, W., Björkman, O.: Role of the xanthophyll cycle in photoprotection elucidated by measurements of light induced absorbance changes, fluorescence and photosynthesis in leaves of Hedera canariensis.-Photosynth. Res. 25: 173-185, 1990. Go to original source...
    3. Black, C.C., Tu, Z.-P., Counce, P.A., Yao, P.-F., Angelov., M.N.: An integration of photosynthetic traits and mechanisms that can increase crop photosynthesis and grain production.-Photosynth. Res. 46: 169-175, 1995. Go to original source...
    4. Bradford, M.M.: A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utility the principle of protein-dye binding.-Anal. Biochem. 72: 248-254, 1976. Go to original source...
    5. Chen, Y., Murchie, E.H., Hubbart, S., Horton, P., Peng, S.-B.: Effects of season-dependent irradiance levels and nitrogen-deficiency on photosynthesis and photoinhibition in field-grown rice (Oryza sativa).-Physiol. Plant. 117: 343-351, 2003. Go to original source...
    6. Ciompi, S., Gentili, E., Guidi, L., Soldatini, G.F.: The effect of nitrogen deficiency on leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in sunflower.-Plant Sci. 118: 177-184, 1996. Go to original source...
    7. Evans, J.R., Terashima, I.: Effects of nitrogen nutrition on electron transport components and photosynthesis in spinach.-Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 14: 59-68, 1987.
    8. Genty, B., Briantais, J.-M., Baker, N.R.: The relationship between the quantum yield of photosynthetic electron transport and quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence.-Biochim. biophys. Acta 990: 87-92, 1989. Go to original source...
    9. Hayami, K.: [Studies on the physiological and ecological characteristics of high yielding rice variety with high fertilizer response. I Effect of nitrogen supply on the photosynthetic characteristics of high yielding rice variety with high fertilizer response.]-Bull. Tohoku nat. agr. exp. Stat. 68: 21-42, 1982. [In Jap.]
    10. Huang, Z.-A., Jiang, D.-A., Yang, Y.. Sun, J.-W., Jin, S.-H.: Effects of nitrogen deficiency on gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, and antioxidant enzymes in leaves of rice plants.-Photosynthetica 42: 357-364, 2004. Go to original source...
    11. Ishihara, K., Iida, O., Hirasawa, T., Ogura, T.: [Relationship between nitrogen content in leaf blade and photosynthetic rate of rice plant with reference to stomatal aperture and conductance.]-Jap. J. Crop Sci. 48: 543-550, 1979. [In Jap.] Go to original source...
    12. Ishimaru, K., Kobayashi, N., Ono, K., Yano, M., Ohsugi, R.: Are contents of Rubisco, soluble protein and nitrogen in flag leaves of rice controlled by same genetics?-J. exp. Bot. 52: 1827-1833, 2001.
    13. Islam, M.T., Agata, W., Kubota, F., Hamid, A.: Evaluation of characteristics related to photosynthetic rate and leaf area production in mungbean genotypes.-Jap. J. Crop Sci. 63: 502-509, 1994. Go to original source...
    14. Jiang, C.-Z., Hirasawa, T., Ishihara, K.: [Physiological and ecological characteristics of high yielding varieties in rice plants. II. Leaf photosynthetic rates.]-Jap. J. Crop Sci. 57:139-145, 1988. [In Jap.] Go to original source...
    15. Kubota, F., Tanaka, N., Arima, S.: [Study on productive ecology of a high yielding japonica-indica hybrid rice cultivar "Suweon 258".]-Jap. J. Crop Sci. 57: 287-297, 1988. [In Jap.] Go to original source...
    16. Kumagai, E., Araki, T., Kubota, F.: [Leaf photosynthetic response of Japan-domestic rice cultivars grown in solution of low nitrogen concentration.]-Jap. J. Crop Sci. 75(Extra Issue 1): 154-155, 2006. [In Jap.]
    17. Kuroda, E., Kumura, A.: [Difference in single leaf photosynthesis between old and new rice varieties. I. Single-leaf photosynthesis and its dependence on stomatal conductance.]-Jap. J. Crop Sci. 59: 283-292, 1990. [In Jap.] Go to original source...
    18. Lima, J.D., Mosquim, P.R., Da Matta, F.M.: Leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in Phaseolus vulgaris as affected by nitrogen and phosphorus deficiency.-Photosynthetica 37: 113-121, 1999. Go to original source...
    19. Long, S.P., Hallgren, J.-E.: Measurements of CO2 assimilation by plants in the field and the laboratory.-In: Coombs, J., Hall, D.O., Long, S.P., Scurlock, J.M.O. (ed.): Techniques in Bioproductivity and Photosynthesis. 2nd Ed. Pp. 62-94. Pergamon Press, Oxford-New York-Toronto-Sydney-Frankfurt 1985. Go to original source...
    20. Lu, C.-M., Zhang J.-H.: Photosynthetic CO2 assimilation, chlorophyll fluorescence and photoinhibition as affected by nitrogen deficiency in maize plants.-Plant Sci. 151: 135-143, 2000. Go to original source...
    21. Mae, T.: Physiological nitrogen efficiency in rice: nitrogen utilization, photosynthesis and yield potential.-Plant Soil 196: 201-210, 1997. Go to original source...
    22. Makino, A., Mae, T., Ohira, K.: Photosynthesis and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase in rice leaves from emergence through senescence. Quantitative analysis by carboxylase/oxygenation and regeneration of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate.-Planta 166: 414-420, 1985. Go to original source...
    23. Makino, A., Nakano, H., Mae, T.: Responses of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase, cytochrome f, and sucrose synthesis enzymes in rice leaves to leaf nitrogen and their relationships to photosynthesis.-Plant Physiol. 105: 173-179, 1994. Go to original source...
    24. Morita, K.: Release of nitrogen from chloroplasts during leaf senescence in rice (Oryza sativa L.).-Ann. Bot. 46: 297-302, 1980. Go to original source...
    25. Murata, Y., Matsushima, S.: Rice.-In: Evans., L.T. (ed.): Crop Physiology. Pp. 73-99. Cambridge University Press, London-New York 1975.
    26. Osada, A., Murata, Y.: [Studies on relationship between photosynthesis and varietal adaptability for heavy manuring. I. The relationship in the case of medium-maturing varieties.]-Jap. J. Crop Sci. 31: 220-223, 1962. [In Jap.] Go to original source...
    27. Sarker, M.A.Z., Murayama, S., Akemine, H., Nakamura, I.: Effect of nitrogen fertilization on photosynthetic characters and dry matter production in F1 hybrids of rice (Oryza sativa L.).-Plant Prod. Sci. 5: 131-138, 2002. Go to original source...
    28. Sasaki, H., Ishii, R.: Cultivar differences in leaf photosynthesis of rice bred in Japan.-Photosynth. Res. 32: 139-146, 1992. Go to original source...
    29. Terashima, I., Evans, J.R.: Effects of light and nitrogen nutrition on the organization of the photosynthetic apparatus in spinach.-Plant Cell Physiol. 29: 143-155, 1988.
    30. Van Kooten, O., Snel, J.F.H.: The use of chlorophyll fluorescence nomenclature in plant stress physiology.-Photosynth. Res. 25: 147-150, 1990. Go to original source...
    31. Verhoeven, A.S., Demmig-Adams, B., Adams, W.W.: Enhanced employment of the xanthophyll cycle and thermal energy dissipation in spinach exposed to high light and N stress.-Plant Physiol. 113: 817-824, 1997. Go to original source...
    32. Wintermans, J.F.G.A., de Mots, M.: Spectrophotometric characteristics of chlorophylls a and b and their pheophytins in ethanol.-Biochim. biophys. Acta 109: 448-453, 1965. Go to original source...
    33. Yoshida, S., Forna, D.A., Cock, J.A., Gomez, K.A.: Laboratory Manual for Physiological Studies of Rice.-International Rice Research Institute, Manila 1976.
    34. Zhang, W.-H., Kokubun, M.: Historical changes in grain yield and photosynthetic rate of rice cultivars released in the 20th century in Tohoku region.-Plant Prod. Sci. 7: 36-44, 2004. Go to original source...

    Return to the content