Photosynthetica - Latest articles

Results 61 to 90 of 347:

Photosynthetic activity of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) exposed to thermal stress

M. HORNYÁK, A. PŁAŻEK, P. KOPEĆ, M. DZIURKA, J. PASTUSZAK, A. SZCZERBA, T. HURA

Photosynthetica 2020, 58(1):45-53 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2019.140

The aim of the work was to investigate thermal stress effect on photosynthetic activity of common buckwheat. Seedlings of common buckwheat were exposed to 20°C (control) and 30°C (thermal stress). The research involved the Polish cultivar 'Panda' and strain PA15 and determined kinetics of chlorophyll a fluorescence (Chlf), leaf gas exchange, soluble carbohydrate (SC) content in donor leaves, electrolyte leakage as a parameter of cell membrane permeability, and amount of abscisic acid and jasmonates. In 'Panda' and PA15 plants grown at 30°C, most of Chlf parameters improved. 'Panda' plants grown at 30°C demonstrated a higher increase in...

Ultraviolet (UV) B effects on growth and yield of three contrasting sweet potato cultivars

Z. CHEN, W. GAO, K.R. REDDY, M. CHEN, S. TADURI, S.L. MEYERS, M.W. SHANKLE

Photosynthetica 2020, 58(1):37-44 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2019.137

Ground-level UV-B will stay at a high level in the next several decades and influence sweet potato growth and yield because of the remaining chlorofluorocarbons in the atmosphere. The study explored three UV-B (none, ambient, and elevated/projected) levels on three contrasting sweet potato cultivars (Beauregard, Hatteras, and Louisiana 1188) using sunlit plant growth chambers at Mississippi State University. The results showed that UV-B influenced three cultivars differently. Growth, photosynthetic rate, epidermal and leaf structure of Beauregard were negatively influenced under ambient and elevated UV-B. On the contrary, Hatteras was positively influenced,...

Photosynthesis, growth, and yield of Paeonia ostii in tree-based agroforestry systems

Y.ZH. YANG, ZH.H. ZHANG, G.X. WANG, Y.Y. YANG, H. GUO

Photosynthetica 2020, 58(1):29-36 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2019.139

Paeonia ostii T. Hong & J.X. Zhang, an emerging oil crop, was intercropped with 3-year-old plantations of pawpaw [Chaenomeles sinensis (Thouin.) Koehne], Chinese toon (Toona sinensis Roem.), and walnut (Juglans regia L.). In order to achieve a better production system, we studied the effects of intercropping on the photosynthesis, growth, and yield of P. ostii. The results showed that different pattern of agroforestry systems changed microclimatic and growing site conditions in comparison to the control treatment. The correlation analysis demonstrated that both similarities and differences were found in relationship...

Leaf photosynthetic light response of summer maize: comparison of models and analysis of parameters

T.T. ZHU, J. LI, Y.Y. LIU, X.J. TONG, Q. YU

Photosynthetica 2020, 58(1):19-28 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2019.134

An experiment was performed in order to study the applicability of light-response models for summer maize (Zea mays L.) by using rectangular hyperbola model, nonrectangular hyperbola model, exponential model, binomial regression model, and modified rectangular hyperbola model (Ye model), respectively. Our results showed that the fitted effect of Ye model was best and photosynthetic parameters were closest to the observation. The photoinhibition coefficient was significantly negatively correlated with the light-saturation point (I_s), the light-saturation coefficient (γ), and maximum net photosynthetic rate at light-saturation...

Photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll a fluorescence induction parameters in elite clone (GS1) of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica

P. MENG, G.C. YOU

Photosynthetica 2020, 58(1):9-18 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2019.133

We selected the elite clone of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica 'GS1' from 365 clones in a primary seed orchard in Liaoning Province, China. To understand the photosynthesis characteristics and mechanisms, 40-year-old 'GS1' trees were compared with a common clone 'H524' of the same age at the same seed orchard. Results showed that 'GS1' had higher net photosynthetic rate because of higher stomatal conductance (g_s); the larger external and inner diameters of stomata were the structural factors enabling maintenance of higher g_s. The higher light-saturated net photosynthetic rate of 'GS1' was mainly due...

Inhibition of photosynthesis in cucumber leaves by oxybenzone

X. ZHONG, Y.T. LI, Z.S. ZHANG, S.H. LI, Y.M. LI, B.B. LIU, Q.M. LI, H.Y. GAO

Photosynthetica 2020, 58(1):1-8 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2019.135

Oxybenzone (OBZ), a popular additive in sunscreen, can protect human skin by blocking ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun (Baker et al. 2015). In addition to being used in sunscreens, OBZ is also widely used in perfumes, shampoos, lip balms, and other pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) (Aguirre et al. 1992, Emonet et al. 2001, Kasichayanula et al. 2007). OBZ can enter rivers, lakes, groundwater, sewage, and so on through human activities and was identified as an 'emerging environmental pollutant' by the Environmental Protection Agency of the USA (Rodil et al. 2012, Agüera et al. 2013). With...

Exogenous calcium-induced physiological and biochemical changes in tree peony (Paeonia section Moutan DC.) under drought stress

X.Y. ZHANG, Z.W. FANG, H.N. LIU, D.Q. ZHAO, J. TAO

Photosynthetica 2019, 57(4):904-911 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2019.108

Tree peony (Paeonia section Moutan DC.) is an excellent ornamental plant, of which Paeonia ostii (P. ostii) has a high oil value. It is widely cultivated in China, but severe drought affects its growth. In this study, the effects of exogenous calcium on drought-induced damage of P. ostii were studied. The results showed that under drought stress, leaf water content showed a downward trend, while reactive oxygen species (ROS), relative electrical conductivity (REC), proline (Pro) content, and related antioxidant enzymes increased significantly. Spraying CaCl₂ could effectively slow leaf wilting and water...

Enhancing the thermotolerance of tomato seedlings by heat shock treatment

Z.Q. YANG, C. XU, M.T. WANG, H.L. ZHAO, Y.J. ZHENG, H.J. HUANG, F. VUGUZIGA, M.A. UMUTONI

Photosynthetica 2019, 57(4):1184-1192 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2019.127

The heat tolerance of tomato seedlings was significantly enhanced after heat shock treatment at 40°C for 4 h. Compared with the control, the heat-shocked tomato seedlings, on one hand, had a higher net photosynthetic rate (P_N), stomatal conductance, intercellular CO₂ concentration, water-use efficiency, maximal quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (F_v/F_m), electron transport rate, actual photochemical efficiency of PSII, and activity of antioxidant enzymes, on the other hand, had lower nonphotochemical quenching, relative conductivity, malondialdehyde content (MDA), and accumulation of reactive oxygen...

Chlorophyll biosynthesis and epidermal characteristics of the leaves of a variegated variety vs. all-green variety of Chlorophytum capense

Y.Q. ZHAO, L.H. DONG, B. HUANG, C.B. DING, Y.E. CHEN, Z.W. ZHANG, Y. JIANG, S. YUAN, M. YUAN

Photosynthetica 2019, 57(4):1176-1183 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2019.129

Chlorophytum capense var. medio-pictum is widely used as a houseplant with its central yellowish white stripe in green leaves. This study investigated chlorophyll biosynthesis, and epidermal characteristics in leaf stripes of different color. The results showed that yellowish white leaf stripes (YS) have a lower 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) content than that of green stripes. Meanwhile, YS had higher coproporphyrinogen III (Coprogen III) and Mg-protoporphyrin monomethyl ester (Mpe) contents, but the lower content of protoporphyrinogen IX (Proto IX) and protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) compared to green stripes, suggesting that the occurrence of...

Ecophysiological study of the impact of SiK^® fertilization on Castanea sativa Mill. seedling tolerance to high temperature

A. CARNEIRO-CARVALHO, R. ANJOS, A. AIRES, T. MARQUES, T. PINTO, J. GOMES-LARANJO

Photosynthetica 2019, 57(4):1165-1175 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2019.099

The aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of Si fertilization on the resilience capacity of chestnut plants growing under high air temperatures and its recovery capacity after returning to optimal temperatures. Castanea sativa plants were supplied with 0, 5, 7.5, and 10 mM potassium silicate (SiK^®) and exposed for a month at each temperature, 25, 32, and 25°C. The results demonstrated that phytoliths were accumulated in the leaf tissues, both on the cell wall and xylem vessels, suggesting their role in the plant's tolerance to heat. Under high temperature, Si fertilization in chestnut plants increased the gas exchange and...

Changes in photosynthetic and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of sorghum under drought and waterlogging stress

F. ZHANG, K. ZHU, Y.Q. WANG, Z.P. ZHANG, F. LU, H.Q. YU, J.Q. ZOU

Photosynthetica 2019, 57(4):1156-1164 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2019.136

Water stress is a key factor limiting sorghum growth and yield potential. This study investigated the changes in morphology, photosynthetic parameters, and fluorescence characteristics of sorghum under drought and waterlogging stress. The results indicated that these two types of water stress limited sorghum growth and led to a decrease in leaf chlorophyll (Chl), especially Chl a, which was accompanied by a decrease in net photosynthetic rate. In addition, under both types of water stress, the light-compensation point (LCP) and light-saturation point (LSP) both decreased, but the effect on these parameters was more obvious under drought. In...

Salinity variation effects on photosynthetic responses of the mangrove species Rhizophora mangle L. growing in natural habitats

D.M.S. LOPES, M.M.P. TOGNELLA, A.R. FALQUETO, M.L.G. SOARES

Photosynthetica 2019, 57(4):1142-1155 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2019.121

This study evaluated the photosynthetic efficiency in Rhizophora mangle plants in two mangrove forests, the highest salinity (HS) area, and the lower salinity (LS) area. The CO₂ assimilation rate (P_N), stomatal conductance, leaf transpiration, intrinsic water-use efficiency, and chlorophyll a fluorescence L-band, IP-phase, and performance index were higher in the LS area. The instantaneous water-use efficiency, initial fluorescence, maximum fluorescence, and J-step were higher in the HS area. The plants growing in the HS area exhibited greater efficiency in electron transfer between the oxygen-evolving complex...

Morphological and physiological responses of Spatholobus suberectus Dunn to nitrogen and water availability

Z.-X. ZHANG, J. ZHANG, Y. GONG, G.-Z. LIU, L.-L. GAO, P. ZHANG, C.-T. CAI

Photosynthetica 2019, 57(4):1130-1141 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2019.125

A pot study was conducted to elucidate morphological and physiological responses of Spatholobus suberectus Dunn accessions to four nitrogen application rates (0, 10, 20, and 30 mmol L^-1) and two watering regimes (daily irrigation and irrigation every 10 d for a month). The results showed that water deficit led to marked decreases in leaf water relations and photosynthetic parameters regardless of the N treatments. Under drought conditions, the reductions in net photosynthesis occurred mainly due to stomatal factors. Although the leaf N content and stem mass ratio were positively correlated with N application, other morphological and...

Response of the photosynthetic apparatus in the tropical fern Platycerium bifurcatum to increased ozone concentration

J. OLIWA, I. STAWOSKA, A. JANECZKO, J. OKLEŠŤKOVÁ, A. SKOCZOWSKI

Photosynthetica 2019, 57(4):1119-1129 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2019.117

A rapid increase of ozone concentration up to the phytotoxic level is currently observed in the tropical forests. However, the effect of elevated concentration of O₃ on tropical ferns and epiphytes has not yet been described and mechanisms of tolerance remain unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the physiological response of the epiphytic fern Platycerium bifurcatum to a high concentration of ozone (150 ppb). In particular, changes in the course of photosynthesis and the pigment composition of sporotrophophyll leaves were taken into account. P. bifurcatum showed high resistance to the 4-week ozone stress. The effect...

Non-a chlorophylls in cyanobacteria

S.G. AVERINA, N.V. VELICHKO, A.A. PINEVICH, E.V. SENATSKAYA, A.V. PINEVICH

Photosynthetica 2019, 57(4):1109-1118 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2019.130

In cyanobacteria and chloroplasts, chlorophyll a (Chl a) is not always the single type of Chl used in oxygenic photosynthesis. Rather, there is a series of non-a Chls, namely, b-type Chls, c-type Chls, Chl d, and Chl f. Plenty of reviews published over the past decades commented on these Chls in chloroplasts while only few analogously dealt with cyanobacteria. The review article takes an effort to span the gap. Cyanobacterial b-type and c-type Chls are exclusively antenna pigments; they absorb near-red and blue light, respectively, and facilitate waste-less energy input to reaction centers....

Relative tolerance of photosystem II in spike, leaf, and stem of bread and durum wheat under desiccation

J. RANE, D. SHARMA, S. EKATPURE, L. AHER, M. KUMAR, S.V.S. PRASAD, A.N. NANKAR, N.P. SINGH

Photosynthetica 2019, 57(4):1100-1108 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2019.111

In dryland regions, soil moisture stress often leads to desiccation and causes injury to photosynthetic machinery. Recently, chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF)-based assessment of photosynthetic efficiency under drought stress is gaining attention due to advances in instrument development and methodology optimisation. Our study was designed to explore the use of spike photosynthetic efficiency as a trait to differentiate drought responses in wheat. Bread and durum wheat were assessed for spike, stem, and leaf tissue photosynthetic efficiency in response to progressive desiccation using ChlF imaging. Results showed that durum wheat had higher quantum efficiency...

Effects of high temperature and high light on photosystem II activity in leaves of two Bauhinia species

S.B. ZHANG, Q.L. DENG, Y.J. HAO

Photosynthetica 2019, 57(4):1094-1099 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2019.128

It is, so far, unclear whether lianas and trees differ in photosynthetic thermotolerance and response to high temperature and high light. Here, photosynthetic thermotolerance was compared in the leaves of Bauhinia brachycarpa (tree) and Bauhinia comosa (liana). Moreover, the combined treatments of four temperatures (25, 35, 40, and 45°C) and two light intensities [500 and 2,000 μmol(photon) m^-2 s^-1] were used to investigate the effects of high temperature and high light on PSII activity. The results showed that B. brachycarpa leaves exhibited higher photosynthetic thermotolerance, leaf mass per area, and...

Yield and photochemical activity of selected rice cultivars from Eastern India under medium depth stagnant flooding

D. PANDA, A. RAY, R.K. SARKAR

Photosynthetica 2019, 57(4):1084-1093 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2019.126

Stagnant flooding (SF) is a serious threat for rice production in rainfed lowland areas of Southeast Asian countries. To overview the SF effect, photosynthetic performances and productivity were studied with three landraces (Ravana, Kamini, and Rashpanjor) and four high-yielding cultivars (Savitri, Savitri-Sub1, Gayatri, and Varshadhan) of rice under medium depth (40-50 cm) of water level. Stagnant flooding significantly increased the stem elongation and decreased yield and yield attributing parameters. The chlorophyll a fluorescence rises from O- to P-step with distinct J- and I-step were noticed in all the cultivars up to 75 d of SF. Prolonged...

Changes in photosynthesis, chloroplast ultrastructure, and antioxidant metabolism in leaves of sorghum under waterlogging stress

R.D. ZHANG, Y.F. ZHOU, Z.X. YUE, X.F. CHEN, X. CAO, X.X. XU, Y.F. XING, B. JIANG, X.Y. AI, R.D. HUANG

Photosynthetica 2019, 57(4):1076-1083 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2019.124

Waterlogging limits plant growth and yield. We investigated the effects of waterlogging stress on leaf photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, antioxidant capacity, chloroplast ultrastructure, and yield of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.). Two sorghum cultivars, Jinuoliang01 (JN01, waterlogging-tolerant cultivar) and Jinza31 (JZ31, waterlogging-sensitive cultivar) were subjected to a 12-d waterlogging treatment; the plants of the two cultivars which were not subjected to waterlogging were used as control (CK), respectively. After waterlogging treatment, the yield of JZ31 and JN01 decreased by 72.3 and 52.9%, the net photosynthetic rate of JZ31...

Cotton leaf photosynthetic characteristics, biomass production, and their correlation analysis under different irrigation and phosphorus application

J.H. LI, Y.Y. WANG, N.N. LI, R.H. ZHAO, A. KHAN, J. WANG, H.H. LUO

Photosynthetica 2019, 57(4):1066-1075 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2019.118

Water and fertilizer application are the yield improvement approaches in cotton production, especially in arid regions. We hypothesized that irrigation and phosphorus fertilization regimes would enhance cotton leaf photosynthesis capacity. We examined two irrigation levels, i.e., normal irrigation (W₁: 3,750 m³ hm^-2) and limited irrigation (W₂: 2,500 m³ hm^-2), combined with no phosphorus (P₀) and P application (P₁: applying P₂O₅ with the ratio of the fertilizer to dry soil being 0.15 g kg^-1). Leaf area (LA), net photosynthetic...

Epiphytic orchids Stanhopea tigrina and Prosthechea cochleata are differentially affected by drought in a subtropical cloud forest

C.I. GUEVARA-PÉREZ, P. DELGADO-SÁNCHEZ, J.A. TORRES-CASTILLO, J.D. FLORES-RIVAS, G. MENDIETA-LEIVA, E. DE LA ROSA-MANZANO

Photosynthetica 2019, 57(4):1053-1065 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2019.123

We investigated the physiological responses of two epiphytic orchids under three light regimes of 20, 50, and 70% of total daily radiation under drought and rewatering conditions. Stanhopea tigrina was the one more affected because it exhibited strong photoinhibition and reduction of both electron transport rate and nocturnal acidity under drought and high radiation. However, this species maintained relatively high relative water content (RWC) values and underwent osmotic adjustment during the drought period and recovered photosynthetic variables during watered period. Prosthechea cochleata maintained similar water and photosynthetic...

Photosynthetic induction is slower in young leaves than in mature leaves in a tropical invader, Chromolaena odorata

S.B. ZHANG, Y.J. HAO, Q.L. DENG

Photosynthetica 2019, 57(4):1044-1052 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2019.120

Chromolaena odorata is a noxious invasive perennial herb in tropics and subtropics throughout the world. However, photosynthetic induction of this invader is not well understood. Here, we measured the induction of gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence in young and mature leaves of Chromolaena odorata. During photosynthetic induction, the young leaves exhibited higher biochemical and total limitations to photosynthesis than that of the mature leaves. Photosynthetic induction in this invader was affected by a mix of biochemical and stomatal limitations. Under a strong photosynthetic photon flux density, nonphotochemical quenching was rapidly...

Factors playing role in heat acclimation processes in barley and oat plants

É. DARKÓ, R. KHALIL, N. ELSAYED, M. PÁL, K.Á. HAMOW, G. SZALAI, J. TAJTI, Q.T. NGUYEN, N.T. NGUYEN, V.N. LE, T. JANDA

Photosynthetica 2019, 57(4):1035-1043 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2019.122

In the present study, the heat acclimation processes (growing at 30/27°C for 2 weeks) in spring and winter varieties of barley (Hordeum vulgare L., varieties 'Conchita' and 'Mv Initium') and oat (Avena sativa L., varieties 'Mv Pehely' and 'Mv Hópehely') were characterized. Temperature dependence of certain chlorophyll a fluorescence induction parameters indicated the efficiency of heat acclimation. Heat treatment induced the activity of glutathinone-S-transferase, but decreased the amounts of the major polyamines. A significant increase in cadaverine content was found in 'Conchita'. 1,3-diaminopropane contents after heat acclimation...

Mitigation mechanism of ozone-induced reduction in net photosynthesis of Bangladeshi wheat under soil salinity stress

M.Z.U. KAMAL, M. YAMAGUCHI, Y. KINOSE, T. IZUTA

Photosynthetica 2019, 57(4):1025-1034 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2019.115

To clarify the combined effects of O₃ and soil salinity on net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and radical scavenging system of Bangladeshi spring wheat cv. BAW1059, plants were grown in two soil salinity levels (irrigated with 0 and 150 mM NaCl solutions) and exposed to three O₃ concentrations [charcoal-filtered air (CF), 1.0-fold the ambient O₃ concentration (1.0×O₃), and 1.5-fold the ambient O₃ concentration (1.5×O₃)]. The soil salinity mitigated adverse effects of O₃ on net photosynthesis in the 7^th and flag leaves. The soil salinity did not induce...

Characterization of the ecophysiological responses of three pomegranate cultivars to salinity

A. OLMO, F. GARCIA-SANCHEZ, I. SIMON, V. LIDON, M. ALFOSEA-SIMON, J.M. CAMARA-ZAPATA, J.J. MARTINEZ-NICOLAS, S. SIMON-GRAO

Photosynthetica 2019, 57(4):1015-1024 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2019.103

In order to understand photosynthetic responses of pomegranate plants (Punica granatum L.) to salinity, an experiment was conducted with three varieties, 'Mollar de Elche', 'Valenciana', and 'Wonderful', irrigated with seven salt concentrations (0, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, and 140 mM NaCl). At the end of the experiment, parameters of gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, water relations, and sugar and chloride concentrations were measured in leaves. As the concentration of NaCl increased, the concentration of Cl^- in leaves was elevated, and the CO₂ assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, variable fluorescence/maximum fluorescence...

Foliar application of selenium (Se) at heading stage induces regulation of photosynthesis, yield formation, and quality characteristics in fragrant rice

H.W. LUO, L.X. HE, B. DU, Z.M. WANG, A.X. ZHENG, R.F. LAI, X.R. TANG

Photosynthetica 2019, 57(4):1007-1014 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2019.114

In order to study the effect of foliar application of sodium selenate on fragrant rice performance at the heading stage, the present study was conducted with two fragrant rice cultivars, 'Meixiangzhan-2' and 'Xiangyaxiangzhan'. At the heading stage, six concentrations of sodium selenate solution (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 μmol L^-1) were sprinkled to plants. Our results showed that foliar application of sodium selenate increased chlorophyll contents in rice leaves and upregulated net photosynthetic rate at the grain-filling stage. The enhancement was observed in grain yield, seed-setting rate, and in 1,000-grain mass. The highest yield...

Effect of intercropping on leaf senescence related to physiological metabolism in proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.)

X.W. GONG, C.J. LIU, U. FERDINAND, K. DANG, G. ZHAO, P. YANG, B.L. FENG

Photosynthetica 2019, 57(4):993-1006 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2019.112

The field experiments were conducted to explore the changes in metabolism related to leaf senescence in proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) under proso millet/mung bean intercropping system. Results showed that intercropping increased leaf photosynthesis, as measured by the increased net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content, maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII, and decreased nonphotochemical quenching coefficient. These responses resulted in the increased leaf number and area and reduced yellowing leaf rate; leaf photosynthetic capacity was maintained for longer periods. Such improvements occurred due to enhanced activities of protective...

Whole leaf photosynthetic light response in a carnivorous plant species Sarracenia alata

K.A. HOPKINS, D.A. GRAVATT

Photosynthetica 2019, 57(4):985-992 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2019.119

Photosynthetic light-response curves of mature leaves of Sarracenia alata were generated and characterized using a custom built chamber (2.79 L) capable of accommodating whole leaves, or pitchers, coupled to a LI-COR 6400XT Portable Photosynthesis System. In addition to generating light-response curves, chlorophyll content, leaf area, and dry mass measurements were obtained for each pitcher. Gas-exchange variables from the light-response curves are reported on a leaf area and dry mass basis. Calculated light-saturated photosynthesis was found to be 2.09 µmol(CO₂) m^-2 s^-1 with a light-saturation...

Advances in the members and biosynthesis of chlorophyll family

N.W. QIU, D.C. JIANG, X.S. WANG, B.S. WANG, F. ZHOU

Photosynthetica 2019, 57(4):974-984 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2019.116

Chlorophylls are vital for photosynthesis, allowing plants to absorb energy from light for photosynthesis. More than one hundred species of chlorophyll have been identified. Among them, chlorophylls a, b, c (c₁, c₂, and c₃), d, and f exist in oxygenic photosynthetic organisms (e.g., higher plants, algae, and cyanobacteria), whereas anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria possess bacteriochlorophylls a, b, c, d, e, and g. These chlorophylls have different chemical structures and properties that enable photosynthetic organisms...

Effects of cadmium exposure on the growth, photosynthesis, and antioxidant defense system in two radish (Raphanus sativus L.) cultivars

J. XIN, X.H. ZHAO, Q.L. TAN, X.C. SUN, Y.Y. ZHAO, C.X. HU

Photosynthetica 2019, 57(4):967-973 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2019.076

Radish is representative root vegetable; its edible parts are directly in contact with Cd-contaminated fields. Two radish cultivars (H4 and L19) with different resistance to Cd were selected to compare their growth, photosynthesis, and antioxidant systems. Our results revealed that H4 was more sensitive to Cd pollution than L19; a significant decrease in the biomass of H4 was observed at higher Cd concentrations. With increasing Cd concentrations, the net photosynthetic rate, effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry, electron transport rate through PSII, and photochemical quenching were all lowered, however, reductions were more obvious in H4...