Biologia plantarum, 2020 (vol. 64)
Reviews
Light and temperature receptors and their convergence in plants
J. SONG, W. WU, B. HU
Biologia plantarum 64: 159-166, 2020 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2019.104
Light and temperature are two essential environmental cues for plants, helping to optimize plant body architecture and physiology. To sense a broad spectrum of sun radiation spanning from UV-B to far-red wavelength, plants are equipped with a sophisticated array of photoreceptors, including phytochromes, cryptochromes, phototropins, Zeitlupes, and UV-B photoreceptor UVR8. On the contrary, since the thermodynamic effects extensively affect the molecular and supramolecular structures, it is difficult to identify the entry point or initial receptor of temperature. Even so, several putative temperature sensors have been proposed, such as calcium ion channels,...
Cellulose biosynthesis in plants - the concerted action of CESA and non-CESA proteins
M. JURANIEC, B. GAJDA
Biologia plantarum 64: 363-377, 2020 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2020.065
Cellulose is the most abundant polysaccharide produced by plants. In the form of rigid microfibrils surrounding the cells, cellulose constitutes the load-bearing cell wall element that controls cell growth and shape. Cellulose microfibrils are laid down outside the cell by the multimeric plasma membrane-inserted cellulose synthase complexes (CSCs), which move along underlying cortical microtubules (CMTs). In plants, CSCs are shaped as rosettes with six lobes symmetrically arranged in a hexagonal structure. In Arabidopsis, the CSC is composed of at least three functionally non-redundant cellulose synthase (CESA) glycosyltransferases in both primary...
Original Papers
Silver nanoparticles with different concentrations and particle sizes affect the functional traits of wheat
S. WANG, B. D. WU, M. WEI, J. W. ZHOU, K. JIANG, C.Y. WANG
Biologia plantarum 64: 1-8, 2020 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2019.122
The response of functional traits of plants to external environment can influence their competitive ability because these functional traits are required for the acquisition of resources. The overuse of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has gained attention due to their environmental toxicity. This study aimed to examine the effects of AgNPs with different concentrations and particle sizes on functional traits of wheat. It was observed that AgNPs significantly reduced the plant height and so decrease its competitive ability. Ag ions decreased leaf chlorophyll and nitrogen content and specific leaf area more than AgNPs, but the opposite was true for leaf...
Revision of the barley WRKY gene family phylogeny and expression analysis of the candidate genes in response to drought
B. YAZDANI, S. SANJARI, R. ASGHARI-ZAKARIA, F. GHANEGOLMOHAMMADI, E. POURABED, M. SHAHBAZI, Z.-S. SHOBBAR
Biologia plantarum 64: 9-19, 2020 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2019.109
The WRKY belongs to an important plant specific transcription factor families which are involved in response to various environmental stresses, as well as in growth and developmental processes. In the present report, a genome-wide identification and characterization of WRKY gene family in barley led to revision of HvWRKYs to 93 members. The phylogenetic tree was also reconstructed based on the full-length WRKY protein sequences in barley and Arabidopsis. HvWRKYs were classified into three major groups (I, II, and III) and group II was further divided to 5 subgroups (a to e). HvWRKYs were named after this classification. Interestingly,...
Biochemical and morphophysiological strategies of Myracrodruon
L.M. SOUZA, M.R. BARBOSA, M.B. MORAIS, L. PALHARES NETO, C. ULISSES, and T.R. CAMARA
Biologia plantarum 64: 20-31, 2020 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2019.070
In view of the ecological, social, and economic importance of Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão, the objective of this study was to investigate the strategies of this species under drought during its initial phase of development. Two-month-old plants were cultivated under continuous irrigation or no irrigation for 20 d. After this period, the water-stressed plants were rehydrated for 20 d. Physiological, biochemical, and anatomical variables were evaluated on 20th and 40th day. Water deficit (25 and 85 % leaf relative content) caused senescence followed by leaf abscission. Growth in height was negatively affected by water...
Treatment of Glycine max seeds with gibberellins alters root morphology, anatomy, and transcriptional networks
Y.Q. HAN, Y. SHI, Y.M. GAO, J.D. DU, N.J. FENG, Y.X. ZHANG, D.F. ZHENG
Biologia plantarum 64: 32-42, 2020 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2019.124
Gibberellins (GAs) regulate diverse aspects of growth and development, but their role in root development and lateral root (LR) formation is poorly understood. In this study, GA3 was applied to soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] by seed soaking. The results showed that root length and root surface area were significantly inhibited in early stages after GA3 treatment. Microscopic examination showed that GA3 treatment changed the cortex thickness, the pericycle diameter, and cell size in main root. Interestingly, exogenous GA3 increased the quantity of lateral root primordia (LRP), but LR number decreased...
Changes of lipid metabolism of Arabidopsis thaliana in response to oligochitosan treatment
X.J. WANG, X.L. SU, J.M. LI, P. ZHU
Biologia plantarum 64: 43-49, 2020 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2019.133
Lipids are vital cellular constituents in plant, and lipid peroxidation metabolites are critical defence substances in plants. In this study, mass spectrometry along with projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used to detect lipid metabolism changes in Arabidopsis thaliana in response to oligochitosan (an effective resistance elicitor for the control of plant diseases). The PLS-DA showed that lipid metabolites of Arabidopsis thaliana were influenced by oligochitosan treatment. The total content of oxylipin containing monogalactosyldiacylglycerols, oxylipin-containing digalactosyldiacylglycerols, and oxylipin-containing...
Overexpression of Iris lactea tonoplast Na+/H+ antiporter gene IlNHX confers improved salt tolerance in tobacco
Q. GUO, X.X. TIAN, P.C. MAO, L. MENG
Biologia plantarum 64: 50-57, 2020 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2019.126
Sodium cation compartmentalization into vacuoles is one of the effective strategies for adaptation of halophytes to saline environments. Tonoplast Na+/H+ antiporter (NHX) is involved in Na+ sequestration into vacuoles under salt stress. However, the function of NHX in halophyte Iris lactea is still unclear. In this study, a significant positive correlation was observed between Na+ accumulations and IlNHX expression in tissues under 0 - 200 mM NaCl, indicating IlNHX might be responsible for Na+ accumulation of I. lactea under salt stress. More important, IlNHX was specifically...
Overexpression of oil palm EgDREB1 in tomato decreased fruit size and produced parthenocarpic fruits
A.M. AZZEME, S.N.A. ABDULLAH, M.A. AZIZ, P.E. MEGAT WAHAB
Biologia plantarum 64: 58-67, 2020 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2019.084
Drought-responsive element binding (DREB) is involved in the regulation of stress-responsive gene expressions in plants through abscisic acid (ABA)-independent pathway. In this study, constitutive expression of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) EgDREB1 driven by double strength cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) reduced seed number, produced parthenocarpic fruits, changed morphology of leaves, and increased root biomass of transgenic plants. Early flowering and fruiting of the transgenic lines were observed in the culture vessels. EgDREB1 was specifically expressed in the fruits and its expression...
Genes involved in strigolactone biosyntheses and their expression analyses in columnar apple and standard apple
X. SUN, C. WEN, H. HOU, H. HUO, J. ZHU, H. DAI, Y. ZHANG
Biologia plantarum 64: 68-76, 2020 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2019.047
Columnar apple is a valuable resource for genetic improvement of cultivated apples due to its special tree architecture. Strigolactones (SLs) are a novel class of plant hormones controlling shoot branching. The content of SLs is higher in columnar apple than in standard apples. In this study, the members of major gene families involved in SLs biosynthesis and signaling were identified from apple genomic sequences and their expression profiles were characterized in columnar and standard apples using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reactions. In comparison with standard apple, the higher expressions of MORE AXILLARY GROWTH...
Pyramiding insect and disease resistance in an elite indica rice cultivar ASD16
T. RAJESH, S. MARUTHASALAM, K. KALPANA, K. POOVANNAN, K.K. KUMAR, E. KOKILADEVI, D. SUDHAKAR, R. VELAZHAHAN, P. BALASUBRAMANIAN
Biologia plantarum 64: 77-86, 2020 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2019.106
Pyramiding transgenes of interest is one of the strategies to engineer multiple stress resistance in crop plants. Transgenic plants which stably express different genes can be hybridized to bring these genes together in one plant. Transgenic rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. ASD 16) plants harbouring genes Xa21 (conferring bacterial blight resistance), tlp (conferring resistance to sheath blight), or gna (conferring resistance to brown planthopper) were used in hybridization experiments. Sexual hybridization was carried out in two different gene combinations: Xa21 × gna and tlp × gna. Molecular analyses were...
Reactive oxygen species derived from NADPH oxidase regulate autophagy
H. JING, Z. WANG, L. ZHANG, G. ZHOU, Z. GU, Y. SHAN, Y. ZHOU, Z. YANG, Z. KONG
Biologia plantarum 64: 87-94, 2020 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2019.127
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) originating from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX) play vital roles in regulating autophagy. However, the relationship between autophagy and NOX in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is still unknown. In order to clarify the mechanism of autophagy in wheat, ROS content, NOX activity, and autophagy levels in root tip cells under condition of N or C deficiency were measured. The results showed that the N and C deficiency increased the production of superoxide anions (O2-.) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) via the NOX activation, leading...
Three tandemly aligned LEA genes from Medicago truncatula confer differential protection to Escherichia coli against abiotic stresses
Y.-M. ZHANG, H.-Q. WANG, D.-M. LIU, R.-J. LIU
Biologia plantarum 64: 95-103, 2020 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2019.112
Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins are important for abiotic stress tolerance in diverse organisms. Within the LEA protein superfamily, group 4 members are characterized by a conserved N-terminal region and a structurally disordered C-terminal region that varies regarding length and amino acid content. Previous in vitro assays have suggested that the conserved N-terminal region shared by group 4 LEA proteins is critical for forming an amphipathic α-helix and protecting enzymatic activities from the adverse effects of desiccation or freezing. However, the cellular roles of the varying C-terminal region remain largely to be characterized....
High-throughput sequencing reveals the change of microRNA expression caused by allopolyploidization in Cucumis
X. YU, Z. ZHU, T. ZHANG, J. LI, C. CHENG, Q. LOU, C.-O. OTTOSEN, J. CHEN
Biologia plantarum 64: 104-109, 2020 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2019.121
Allopolyploidy is long recognized as an essential driving force in plant evolution. Recent studies have demonstrated that small RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), play important roles in the process of allopolyploidy. However, the question that how the distinct parent-of-origin miRNAs are maintained in allopolyploids and how these small RNAs affect gene expression and phenotype remain to be answered. Therefore, we investigated the miRNA expression profiles of a synthesized allotetraploid, Cucumis ×hytivus and its parents. The different developmental stages of leaves of C.×hytivus showing contrasting leaf colour were compared...
Di-n-butyl phthalate-induced phytotoxicity in Hordeum vulgare seedlings and subsequent antioxidant defense response
A. KUMARI, R. KAUR
Biologia plantarum 64: 110-118, 2020 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2019.095
Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) is one of the frequently detected phthalates in environmental samples. The effects of phthalates are extensively studied in the animals but the effects on plants are scarce. Therefore, the present study is aimed to envisage the effects of DBP on the antioxidative defense system in Hordeum vulgare L. seedlings grown under laboratory conditions for 7 d. The activities of different antioxidative enzymes were enhanced in the shoots. In the roots, the activity of guaiacol peroxidase increased and the catalase activity decreased initially but increased at higher DBP concentrations, whereas the activities of superoxide...
Grey poplar explant acclimation to improve the dehydration tolerance and cryopreservation
E. POKORNÁ, M. FALTUS, P. MÁCHOVÁ, J. ZÁMEČNÍK, M. FULÍN
Biologia plantarum 64: 119-128, 2020 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2019.148
Cryostorage techniques have been developed to preserve the most valuable genotype from an endangered native population of Populus × canescens Aiton Sm. (grey poplar), which is located in the floodplain forest in the South Moravia region of the Czech Republic and which is difficult to propagate using cuttings. The prevailing genotype with valuable traits was selected by the simple sequence repeats method. This genotype was used to determine the most effective pre-cultivation conditions (cold hardening, and cold hardening combine with osmotic treatment) on dehydration tolerance and post-thaw recovery of the grey poplar shoot tips. The pre-cultivation...
Genome-wide transcriptome profiling provides new insights into bud dormancy in pear
L.L. SUN, R. ZHANG, S.T. HE, J.P. LIU, G.Q. LIU
Biologia plantarum 64: 129-135, 2020 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2019.116
Dormancy is important for the pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) to survive a harsh environment. The molecular base of dormancy in pear, especially in some local cultivars, is still unclear. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis in flower buds of cv. Huangli (an excellent local cultivar native to Guizhou mountain area in China) was conducted to explore the mechanism regulating bud dormancy in pear. For the release of endo-dormancy 223 chilling hours (CHs) was needed in Huangli flower buds, which was less than in commercial cultivars. Comparisons of transcript amounts among seven dates during dormancy (30 Oct. vs. 15 Nov., 15 Nov. vs. 30...
Drought tolerance of transgenic rice overexpressing maize C4-PEPC gene related to increased anthocyanin synthesis regulated by sucrose and calcium
Y.F. HE, Y.F. XIE, X. LI, J. YANG
Biologia plantarum 64: 136-149, 2020 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2020.031
In order to reveal the role of sucrose (Suc) in early drought response in plants, transgenic rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants overexpressing the maize (Zea mays L.) C4-phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC, EC 4.1.1.31) gene (C4-pepc) (PC) and their untransformed wild type (WT) were used under 12 % (m/v) polyethylene glycol 6000 to simulate drought conditions. The results showed that PC has higher relative water content, the increased Suc content, and anthocyanin accumulation than WT during PEG treatment. By spraying 1 % Suc and 1 % Suc non-metabolic analog, turanose, on these plants, Suc...
The enhancement of salt stress tolerance by salicylic acid pretreatment in Arabidopsis thaliana
L.-L. YU, Y. LIU, F. ZHU, X.-X. GENG, Y. YANG, Z.-Q. HE, F. XU
Biologia plantarum 64: 150-158, 2020 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2019.151
Salicylic acid (SA) is an important plant hormone involved in the activation of defense responses against environmental stresses. However, there are still large of unsolved mysteries about how SA pretreatment affects the establishment of plant stress tolerance. In this study, application of SA at different concentrations and different times were conducted to investigate their effects on the response of Arabidopsis seedlings to salt stress. The pretreatment with 10 or 20 μM SA for more than 6 h promoted Arabidopsis seedlings resistance to salt stress. On the other hand, pretreatment with 200 μM SA reduced Arabidopsis resistance...
Altered fatty acid composition of Nicotiana benthamiana and Nicotiana excelsior leaves under transient overexpression of the cyanobacterial desC gene
M. BERESTOVOY, O.S. PAVLENKO, A.A. TYURIN, E.N. GORSHKOVA, I.V. GOLDENKOVA-PAVLOVA
Biologia plantarum 64: 167-177, 2020 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2019.144
Transient heterologous gene expression in two model plant species, Nicotiana benthamiana and N. excelsior, has been used to study the localization of the heterologous Δ9 acyl-lipid desaturase (Δ9 desaturase) of Synechococcus vulcanus in different cell compartments and its functional activity in the cases of the cytosol, chloroplast, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) localization. The functional activity and substrate specificity of the heterologous desaturase under the conditions of transient expression have been confirmed by comparison of fatty acid (FA) profiles. The Δ9 desaturase, responsible for the synthesis of...
Calcium distribution during anther development in Impatiens balsamina
S.J. YANG, W.Y. LIANG, J. SHI, L. PENG, R. ZHENG
Biologia plantarum 64: 178-184, 2020 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2019.147
The subcellular localization of loosely bound calcium in developing anthers of Impatiens balsamina (rose balzam) was investigated using potassium antimonate to precipitate the ions. At the sporogenous stage, few calcium precipitates were found in the young anthers. During meiosis of the microspore mother cell, the amount of calcium precipitates increased both inside these cells and in their cell walls. After meiosis, the resulting microspores accumulated abundant calcium precipitates in their cytoplasm and vacuoles. The microspores underwent mitosis to produce a bicellular pollen grain, in which the large vacuoles disintegrated, and the calcium...
Differences in physiological traits at the initial stage of Fusarium head blight infection in wheat
V. SPANIC, Z. ZDUNIC, G. DREZNER, M. VILJEVAC VULETIC
Biologia plantarum 64: 185-192, 2020 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2020.014
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is leading cereal crop worldwide, but its yield is highly affected due to various diseases, especially Fusarium head blight (FHB), which affects the metabolism of plants. The present study was conducted at the Agricultural Institute Osijek using three winter wheat cultivars (Apache, Bezostaya1, and U1) during 2016/2017. The objectives of our studies were to examine differences in physiological characteristics of FHB resistance among wheat cultivars in the early stage of infection. The FHB incidence and severity was the highest in 'Bezostaya1'. Results suggest that activation of some anti-oxidative enzymes in the...
Characterization and functional analysis of microRNA399 in Cunninghamia lanceolata
F.R. ZHU, Z.B. QIU, Y.M. ZHANG, X. R. ZHANG, W. L.WANG
Biologia plantarum 64: 193-199, 2020 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2020.037
The miR399 is a conserved microRNA (miRNA) family, and it has been characterized as an essential regulator of phosphorus transport in plants. However, the biological function of miR399 in Cunninghamia lanceolata is still largely unclear. In this study, the comparison of mature miR399 sequence revealed a high similarity between Arabidopsis thaliana and C. lanceolate, and the pre-miR399 was capable of forming a typical stem-loop hairpin structure. A gene PHOSPHATE 2 (PHO2) was identified as a target of cln-miR399 using 5' rapid amplification of cDNA ends. Furthermore, the relationship between cln-miR399...
Molecular characterization of the promoter of the stress-inducible ZmMYB30 gene in maize
J. LUO, C.M. YU, M. YAN, Y. H. CHEN
Biologia plantarum 64: 200-210, 2020 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2020.011
The ZmMYB30 is a member of the myeloblastosis (MYB) transcription factor superfamily, which has been shown to be a transcription regulator in abiotic stress tolerance in maize (Zea mays). To further identify the biological function of ZmMYB30 and reveal how its expression is induced in response to stress, we isolated the ZmMYB30 promoter and conducted a functional analysis. A 1461-bp promoter fragment was cloned and sequenced. Motif prediction using PlantCARE revealed several stress-responsive elements in the promoter sequence. Deletions in the promoter sequence affected the activity of the promoter and demonstrated that...
Analysis of LEA protein family members in Lepidium apetalum seeds and the expression of LaLEA1 in seedlings in response to abiotic stresses
Q.L. YANG, H. LU, Q. ZHOU, H.T. XIE, J.Y. LI, Z.Y. CHEN, S.C. HAN, H.P. ZHAO, H.X. ZHAO
Biologia plantarum 64: 211-219, 2020 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2019.161
To study the biological function of late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins in Lepidium apetalum Willd., genes encoding LEA family proteins were identified from the seed transcriptome. The sequence most closely related to germination at a low temperature was selected and gene expressions in response to low temperature stress further studied. The results show that 27 LEA genes were expressed in seeds germinating at the low temperature: 3 genes were upregulated, 20 were downregulated, and 4 were not significantly different from controls. The most prominent of the upregulated genes, LaLEA1, contained an open reading frame of 624...
Induction of somatic embryogenesis and evaluation of genetic stability in regenerated plants of Magnolia dealbata
A. CHÁVEZ-CORTAZAR, M. MATA-ROSAS, K. OYAMA, M.S. SAMAIN, M. QUESADA
Biologia plantarum 64: 224-233, 2020 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2020.006
The utility of plant tissue culture for the mass propagation of trees is well known, but continuous in vitro multiplication of plant material may increase the possibility of somaclonal variation; therefore, it is essential to evaluate the genetic integrity of regenerants from species-specific in vitro protocols prior to mass production and implementation. The objectives of this study were: 1) to determine the effect of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) concentration over two cycles of secondary somatic embryogenesis in Magnolia dealbata; and 2) to verify the genetic stability of the regenerants obtained. The...
Do soil and leaf silicon content affect leaf functional traits in Deschampsia caespitosa from different habitats?
M. GRAŠIČ, T. SAKOVIČ, D. ABRAM, K. VOGEL-MIKUŠ, A. GABERŠČIK
Biologia plantarum 64: 234-243, 2020 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2019.155
The purpose of this study was to show the extent of phenotypic plasticity of the grass Deschampsia caespitosa from four habitats with different soil properties by comparing selected leaf traits and content of silicon and other elements. Morphological, biochemical, and optical properties were examined in leaves, but content of silicon and other elements also in soil samples. Plant-available silicon in the soil was determined following extraction in CaCl2. Bulk element analysis was conducted using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The habitats of D. caespitosa differed significantly according to soil structure, which resulted...
Identification of novel hypoxia-responsive factors in deep-water rice conferring tolerance to flood during germination
D. KUMAR, P.K. DAS, B.K. SARMAH
Biologia plantarum 64: 244-252, 2020 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2019.128
Flood in rice fields at the time of seed sowing and early seedling establishment causes extensive crop loss due to the inability of the seeds to tolerate and overcome submergence. In the present study, rice genotypes from Assam, India tolerant to hypoxia during germination were identified through systematic screening of deep-water rice genotype collection from flood-prone ecosystem of Brahmaputra river valley. The difference in tolerance to hypoxia during germination within the species provides scope for identification of novel hypoxia-responsive factors involved in tolerance as mechanism of tolerance may not be conserved across tolerant germplasms....
Transcriptome-based validation of proper reference genes for reverse trascription quantitative PCR analysis of Sinocalycanthus chinensis
C. ZHANG, Q.-N. JIANG, Y.-G. WANG, J.-X. FU, B. DONG, L.-H. ZHOU, H.-B. ZHAO
Biologia plantarum 64: 253-257, 2020 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2020.016
Reverse transcription quantitative PCR is a widely used method to detect gene expressions. To obtain accurate expression results, the selection of proper reference genes is important and necessary. However, related works concerning reference gene selection have not been carried on many plant species, especially endangered ones. The aim of the present study was to select dependable reference genes for expression normalization of an endangered plant species with medicinal and ornamental value: Sinocalycanthus chinensis (Calycanthaceae). Nine reference genes with stable expressions were chosen for further analysis according to transcriptomic sequencing...
Salt tolerance of potato genetically engineered with the Atriplex canescens BADH gene
A. ALI, Q. ALI, M.S. IQBAL, I.A. NASIR, X. WANG
Biologia plantarum 64: 271-279, 2020 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2019.080
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is among the top staple foods in the world, and salinity adversely affects its yield and quality. To improve salt tolerance in potato, the present study is focused on the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of potato by the Atriplex canescens betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) gene driven by single, double, and triple CaMV 35S promoters. The study led first to the detection of seven lines containing the BADH gene followed by the identification of T-DNA insertions via DNA hybridization and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The salt tolerance was found to be promoter dependent,...
Isolation and expression profiles of class III PRX gene family under drought stress in Camellia sinensis
H.J. LI, H.B. WANG, Y. CHEN, Q.P. MA, Z. ZHAO, X.H. LI, X. CHEN
Biologia plantarum 64: 280-288, 2020 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2019.120
The class III PRX family is a class of heme-containing oxidases and plays important roles in response to abiotic stress in plants. The responses to abiotic stresses could be regulated by phytohormones like abscisic acid (ABA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA). In this research, 11 CsPRXs genes in tea plant (Camellia sinensis) were cloned and analyzed. Based on the similarity of the sequences, they were classified into 5 sub-groups. According to the results of reverse transcription PCR, CsPRX55 presented the highest expression in roots compared to stems and leaves of both tea cultivars LJ43 and Baiye 1. Besides, the expressions of CsPRX12...
Comparative analysis of nitrogen metabolism-related genes in two inbred maize lines with different low-nitrogen tolerance
M. YAN, J. LUO, L. LIANG, L. CHEN, Y.Y. CAO, Y.H. CHEN, X.Y. ZHU, C.M. YU
Biologia plantarum 64: 289-301, 2020 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2019.093
Maize is an important crop and its nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) has been an issue for plant scientists and breeders for many years. To meet the demand of genetic diversity in cultivating local elite maize cultivars, researchers need to isolate germplasms with a high NUE. In this study, 30 maize inbred lines were screened under hydroponic conditions, and three inbred lines that tolerate low nitrogen concentration were identified. A comparative analysis of genes involved in N uptake, transport, and assimilation between two lines with different tolerances revealed that the low-nitrogen-tolerant inbred line MBST exhibited higher expressions of nitrate...
Silicon alleviates salt and drought stress of Glycyrrhiza uralensis plants by improving photosynthesis and water status
W.J. ZHANG, X.J. ZHANG, D.Y. LANG, M. LI, H. LIU, X.H. ZHANG
Biologia plantarum 64: 302-313, 2020 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2019.136
Silicon has been widely reported to have a beneficial effect on improving plant tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the mechanisms of Si in mediating responses to simultaneous salt and drought stresses are still poorly understood. Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. is classified as a non-Si accumulator and suffered from salt and drought stresses. In this study, we investigated the long-term application of Si on Si content in G. uralensis roots, stems and leaves, leaf anatomy, ultrastructure, chlorophyll (Chl) content, gas exchange characteristics, relative water content, and growth of two-year-old plants under different salt...
Cloning and functional characterization of the β-amyrin synthase genefrom Bupleurum chinense
J.-C. LI, C. WANG, W.-T. QI, C.-L. LIU
Biologia plantarum 64: 314-319, 2020 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2020.008
Bupleurum chinense DC., a source of the traditional Chinese medicine Bupleuri Radix, is rich in triterpenoid saikosaponins with high pharmacological activities. The enzyme β-amyrin synthase (BAS), which converts the precursor 2,3-oxidosqualene to produce the triterpene skeleton, is crucial for the biosynthesis of triterpenoid saponins. In this study, we cloned the full-length sequence of the BAS gene from B. chinense, conducted a bioinformatics analysis, and expressed it in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to investigate its function. The cDNA of β-amyrin synthase (BcBAS, GenBank accession number: MN186093) cloned...
The classification of tetraploid wheat by phylogenetic and cytogenetic analyses
S.-Y. LI, L. XI, H.-J. LIU, W. ZHU, L.-L XU, Y. WANG, J. ZENG, X. FAN, L.-N. SHA, H.-Q. ZHANG, W.-L. QI, G.-Y. CHEN, Y.-H. ZHOU, H.-Y. KANG
Biologia plantarum 64: 324-334, 2020 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2020.013
Tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) is an important species within the genus Triticum and harbors many desirable agronomic traits. The classification, origin, and evolution of tetraploid wheat remain confused and controversial, resulting in useless germplasm resources. Two classification systems for tetraploid wheat are widely used: 1) tetraploid wheat comprises two species; 2) all forms of tetraploid wheat are classified as one species. The present study aimed to reassess the classification of tetraploid wheat using phylogenetic analysis of nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) sequence data, fluorescence...
Imazamox detoxification and recovery of plants after application of imazamox to an imidazolinone resistant sunflower hybrid
D. BALABANOVA, T. REMANS, A. CUYPERS, J. VANGRONSVELD, A. VASSILEV
Biologia plantarum 64: 335-342, 2020 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2019.150
Imidazolinone herbicides combined with imidazolinone resistant (IMI-R) crops provide a tool for solving the important problem of the occurrence of weeds during the early growth stages of sunflower. These herbicides inhibit the synthesis of branched chain amino acids by interrupting the key enzyme acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS). We studied the imazamox detoxification in an IMI-R sunflower hybrid together with plant growth and photosynthetic performance. Inhibition of photosynthesis and growth were observed as initial effects of imazamox application. A slight decrease in AHAS activity was also noticed. These effects disappeared within two weeks after...
Impacts of silicon and silicon nanoparticles on leaf ultrastructure and TaPIP1 and TaNIP2 gene expressions in heat stressed wheat seedlings
A.A. YOUNIS, H. KHATTAB, M.M. EMAM
Biologia plantarum 64: 343-352, 2020 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2020.030
Heat stress is one of the most crucial factors affecting crop growth and productivity worldwide. So, searching for a potent eco-friendly heat stress alleviator is the main issue nowadays. The current study was conducted to assess the ameliorative effects of 1.5 mM potassium silicate (K2SiO3, further only Si) or 1.66 mM silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiNPs) on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings exposed to heat stress (45 °C, 4 h). The observations show that Si or SiNPs treatments significantly restored the heat stress-provoked ultrastructural distortions of cellular organelles, particularly chloroplasts and the nucleus....
Foliar applications of spermidine improve foxtail millet seedling characteristics under salt stress
M. SUN, T. WANG, L. FAN, H. WANG, H. PAN, X. CUI, Y. LOU, Y. ZHUGE
Biologia plantarum 64: 353-362, 2020 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2019.158
This study investigated the mitigating effects of spermidine (Spd) application on salinity-induced ion inbalance, physiological properties, and the expression of some genes in foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.). We observed 30-d-old seedlings maintained at a half-strength Hoagland solution (control), 1.0 % NaCl, 10, 20, and 40 μM Spd, and 10, 20, and 40 μM Spd + 1.0 % (m/v) NaCl for 14 d. The results show that salt stress significantly inhibited plant growth, and this was significantly ameliorated by Spd. The mass of the shoots and roots, content of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, root activity, and K+ content...
An HD-Zip IV transcription factor protein NbGL3 regulates glandular trichome initiation in tobacco
Y.S. TIAN, T.W. DAI, C.X. FAN, J. ZHOU, X.L. REN, Y. XU
Biologia plantarum 64: 378-384, 2020 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2020.012
Glandular trichomes, a specialized multicellular structure, are considered as biofactories due to their capability to synthesize and secrete a large amount of secondary metabolites. Tobacco leaves have a high density of glandular trichomes that produce huge amounts of secondary metabolites, which can be used as important industrial raw materials. However, molecular mechanism controling glandular trichome development in tobacco still remains largely unknown. In the present study, we found that NbGL3, an HD-Zip IV family gene from Nicotiana benthamiana, was highly expressed in mature leaves, and ethylene or auxin application could increase...
Identification and expression pattern analysis of YUCCA and ARF gene families during somatic embryogenesis of Lilium spp.
M.-M. CHEN, X. LI, Y.-M. CAI, Y.-C. ZHANG, J.-J. GU, L.-Y. YANG
Biologia plantarum 64: 385-394, 2020 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2020.026
Auxin is a key phytohormone in plant somatic embryogenesis (SE) and YUCCA and AUXIN RESPONSE FACTORS (ARFs) are two key genes involved in auxin biosynthesis and auxin signaling pathways, respectively. They have been reported in participating to the catalytic production of endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA; a natural auxin) and regulating the transcription of auxin-responsive genes. To explore the structural characteristics of the YUCCA and ARF families of Lilium spp. L. and its expression pattern during SE induction and development processes, 6 YUCCA genes and 12 ARF genes were screened from...
Reserve metabolism and ubiquitin proteasome system are involved in germination progress of wheat grains
W.D. ZHANG, L. WANG, Q.R. GAO, Y. WANG, Y.Z. WANG
Biologia plantarum 64: 395-405, 2020 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2020.003
To further elucidate the molecular mechanism of the germination in common wheat, a differential proteomic analysis was completed between the F1 hybrid RS5322 and its parental lines (RS53 and SN22) using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) based strategy. Rapid grain germination and superior young seedling growth were observed in the F1 hybrid line. A total of 807 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) were identified by iTRAQ analysis of grains at 48 h after imbibition in distilled water. Bioinformatics analysis shows that 638 DAPs were annotated in 38 Gene Ontology functional groups, 764 DAPs...
Mannose regulates water balance, leaf senescence, and genes related to stress tolerance in white clover under osmotic stress
S.Y. ZHAO, W.H. ZENG, Z. LI, Y. PENG
Biologia plantarum 64: 406-416, 2020 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2020.017
Mannose (MAN), an important monosaccharide, contributes to coping with abiotic stresses in plants. Objectives of this study were to examine whether exogenous MAN (30 mM) could significantly increase drought tolerance and further to reveal MAN-regulated tolerance mechanism in white clover under osmotic stress induced by 18 % (m/v) polyethylene glycol 6000 for 10 d in controlled growth chambers. Results show that the application of MAN significanlty alleviated stress damage and the inhibition of growth and photosynthesis in white clover under osmotic stress. The MAN-induced increase in endogenous MAN content and the accumulation of organic osmolytes...
Isolation and characterization of the promoter of SEPALLATA1-like gene from Platanus acerifolia
S.J. LU, S.S. YI, L. LIU, M.Z. BAO, G.F. LIU
Biologia plantarum 64: 430-438, 2020 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2020.036
London plane (Platanus acerifolia Wild.) is a famous landscape plant because of its numerous desirable traits except the abundant pollens and seed hairs, which not only pollute the environment but also affect human health. To resolve these problems, we herein isolated and functionally analyzed the promoter of PlacSEP1.1, an orthologous gene of Arabidopsis SEPALLATA1, and investigated the potential usability for cell ablation strategies to engineer reproductive sterility in plants. A 2130 bp 5' upstream region of PlacSEP1.1 was isolated and termed pPlacSEP1.1. Putative motif detections show that there were several...
Brief Communications
Comparative proteomics of phloem exudates reveals long-distance signals potentially involved in Litchi chinensis flowering
L.-J. HUANG, H.-B. CHEN, Z.-Q. HU, X.-Y. LU, H.-Y. WANG, H. LIU, B.-Y ZHOU
Biologia plantarum 64: 220-224, 2020 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2019.163
It is well known that phloem is essential for transporting proteins as long-distance signals. In this study, a proteomic approach was carried out to identify proteins accumulated in phloem exudates at the pre-floral induction (PFId) stage, at the floral induction (FId) stage, and at the floral initiation (FIn) stage. As a result, 45 phloem exudate proteins were detected. Six proteins were found at all three stages. Sixteen proteins were specific to the PFId stage, 14 proteins were specific to the FId and FIn stages. From the enriched gene ontology (GO)-terms related to transport, signaling, hormone, and development, 12 transport-related, 5 signaling-related,...
Overexpression of a stilbene synthase gene from Fallopia multiflora causes trans-piceid accumulation in transgenic Arabidopsis
S. SHENG, W. XIA, W. RUI, W. ZHAO, T. SHE, J. XIE, S. ZHAO, L. CHEN
Biologia plantarum 64: 266-270, 2020 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2019.152
Fallopia multiflora, also known as Polygonum multiflorum, is a traditional Chinese medicine with stilbenes as the main characteristic components. We previously isolated the presumed stilbene synthase gene FmSTS1 from F. multiflora and inserted the FmSTS1 gene into the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana under the control of cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter to evaluate its biological functions. Southern blot and Northern blot analyses were performed to confirm the integration and expression of FmSTS1 in Arabidopsis. A new stilbene compound, which was identified as trans-piceid, was found to accumulate...
Effect of virus inducible cis-element insertion on transcription properties of improved GWSF promoter in Arabidopsis thaliana
Z.C. HUANG, H. LI
Biologia plantarum 64: 320-323, 2020 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2020.032
An ideal synthetic promoter can accurately regulate gene expression and the minimal cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter (GWSF) is an ideal synthetic pathogen-inducible promoter (SPIP) with several advantages. Three modified SPIPs, named as VGWSF, GWVSF, and GWSFV according to the arrangement of cis-elements, were optimized by inserting the dimer of a virus inducible cis-element (TTGGGAAGGAATTTCCTACT, V-box) upstream, midstream, or downstream the GWSF sequence. The three promoters were used to replace the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter in the plasmid pBI121 in order to control the expression of the β-glucuronidase...
A new approach to prevent hazelnut callus browning by modification of sub-culture
M. RAEISPOUR SHIRAZI, S.A. RAHPEYMA, J. ZOLALA
Biologia plantarum 64: 417-421, 2020 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2020.009
Tissue culture of hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) represented the promising strategy for production of its valuable compound, paclitaxel, but one of the most important problems is initial callus browning in its callus culture. To obtain healthy callus cells of C. avellana, three different culture media, Murashige and Skoog (MS), Nas and Read (NRM), and Driver and Koniuki (DKW), in combination with 500 mg dm-3 citric acid, 500 mg dm-3 acetic acid, and 500 mg dm-3 polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were applied. These cultures were passed two sub-cultures in the same media. Also, a novel modified sub-culture system...
Special Issue: Gasotransmitters
Effects of potassium chloride and nitric oxide on growth and physiological characteristics of winter wheat under salt stress
Y.J. DONG, Q. ZHANG, X.L. DAI, M.R. HE
Biologia plantarum 64: 258-265, 2020 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2019.091
A hydroponic culture was conducted to evaluate the effects of KCl and sodium nitroprusside (SNP; a nitric oxide donor) in wheat seedlings under salt stress. Exposure to 100 mM NaCl for 7 d decreased biomass of wheat seedlings, root activity and H+-ATPase activity, significantly increased free proline content, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and lipid peroxidation, and suppressed the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD). Moreover, NaCl stress significantly decreased the K+ and increased the Na+ content. Addition of KCl or SNP led to the increase in root activity and soluble protein content, stimulated the...
Effects of exogenous nitric oxide and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid on cadmium toxicity and accumulation in ryegrass
Q. ZHANG, Y. Y. ZHU, Y. J. DONG
Biologia plantarum 64: 422-429, 2020 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2020.046
The effects of exogenous nitric oxide (NO) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on cadmium toxicity and accumulation in ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) were studied in a hydroponic experiment. The results show that in plants without Cd application, addition of EDTA and sodium nitroprusside (SNP, an exogenous NO donor) significantly reduced the plant height, root length, and root activity of ryegrass, and significantly increased the O2*- generation rate and H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the aboveground and underground parts of ryegrass. Cadmium stress significantly inhibited ryegrass...
Special Issue: Festulolium
Quantitative trait loci for winter hardiness and other agronomic traits in the progeny of two amphiploid Festulolium hybrids (Festuca pratensis × Lolium perenne) backcrossed twice to tetraploid Lolium perenne
K. TAMURA, Y. SANADA, K. TASE, Y. AKIYAMA, A. KUBOTA
Biologia plantarum 64: 439-446, 2020 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2020.057
To clarify the effects of the introduction of Festuca pratensis-derived genomic regions in a tetraploid Lolium perenne genomic background, we analyzed quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for winter hardiness and eight other agronomic traits using two mapping populations generated by sequential backcrosses of two different amphiploid F. pratensis × L. perenne hybrids to tetraploid L. perenne. We constructed two interspecific linkage maps: FLBC2A (143 DNA markers, 301.2 cM total) and FLBC2C (126 markers, 256.2 cM), based on F. pratensis-derived alleles, with 72 markers in common. Interval mapping detected QTLs for...