Biologia plantarum 2016, 60:585-594 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-016-0635-1

Involvement of nitric oxide in 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced antioxidant defense in roots of Elymus nutans exposed to cold stress

J. J. Fu1, X. T. Chu1, Y. F. Sun1, Y. F. Xu1,*, T. M. Hu1,*
1 Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China

Nitric oxide (NO) and 5-aminolevulinic acid (5ALA) play fundamental roles in plant responses to environmental stresses, but their cross-talk in antioxidant defense in cold-stressed Elymus nutans Griseb. have not been investigated. We herein report that 5ALA and NO donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), alleviated cold stress-induced plant growth inhibition and lipid peroxidation in roots of two E. nutans ecotypes (Damxung, DX and Zhengdao, ZD). However, application of an NO scavenger 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide potassium salt (PTIO) differentially blocked these protective effects indicating that an inhibition of NO accumulation reduced 5ALA-enhanced cold resistance. Application of exogenous 5ALA or NO markedly up-regulated activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase, enhanced reduced glutathione accumulation and reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione ratio, activated plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPase, and reduced Na+/K+ ratio in roots of the two E. nutans ecotypes. Moreover, in the presence of 5ALA, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity and NO release in cold-resistant DX were higher than those in cold-sensitive ZD. Conversely, both NO treatment and inhibition of endogenous NO accumulation by PTIO or NOS inhibitor Nω-nitro-L-arginine did not induce 5ALA production. These results suggest that NO might be acting as a downstream signal to mediate 5ALA-induced cold resistance by activating antioxidant defense and PM H+-ATPase and maintaining Na+ and K+ homeostasis.

Keywords: lipid peroxidation; Na+, K+ homeostasis; plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity; PTIO
Subjects: nitric oxide; aminolevulinic acid; cold stress; lipid peroxidation; electrolyte leakage; hydrogen peroxide; superoxide dismutase; ascorbate peroxidase; glutathione; potassium
Species: Elymus nutans

Received: September 23, 2015; Revised: December 2, 2015; Accepted: December 4, 2015; Published: September 1, 2016Show citation

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Fu, J.J., Chu, X.T., Sun, Y.F., Xu, Y.F., & Hu, T.M. (2016). Involvement of nitric oxide in 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced antioxidant defense in roots of Elymus nutans exposed to cold stress. Biologia plantarum, 60(3), 585-594. doi: 10.1007/s10535-016-0635-1.
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