Sociologický časopis / Czech Sociological Review 2020, 56(3): 315-341 | DOI: 10.13060/csr.2020.020
Party Membership in Romania: Political Legitimacy, Party Finance and Organisational Changes
- 1 University of Bucharest
- 2 University of Florence
The article retraces the contradictions between the regulations and the practices shaping Romanian party membership in order to show why and how membership decline became an electoral-driven strategy. It contrasts high membership figures, the dynamics of legal definitions of party membership, and party routines. The results indicate that the Romanian example is an atypical case of incongruence between organisational configurations and party models of ‘constitutionalisation’. The frailty of party organisations in this post-communist country depends not only on the broken linkages between state and society but also on exogenous factors, such as the anti-corruption campaign and opportunistic intraparty agreements. The study uses a qualitative content analysis of party laws, party statutes, official statements, and desk research.
Klíčová slova: Romania, party membership, party regulation, organisation, finances
Zveřejněno: 25. srpen 2020Zobrazit citaci
ACS | AIP | APA | ASA | Harvard | Chicago | IEEE | ISO690 | MLA | NLM | Turabian | Vancouver |
Reference
- Achury, S., S. E. Scarrow, K. Kosiara-Pedersen and E. van Haute. 2018. 'The Consequences of Membership Incentives: Do Greater Political Benefits Attract Different Kinds of Members?' Party Politics. Online first, https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068818754603.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
- Casal Bértoa, F. and M. Spirova. 2013. 'Get a Subsidy or Perish! Public Funding and Party Survival in Eastern Europe. The Legal Regulation of Political Parties.' The Legal Regulation of Political Parties Working Paper 2013-029 Retrieved 4 June 2020 (http://www.partylaw.leidenuniv.nl/uploads/wp2913.pdf).
- De Waele, J. M. and A. Ionașcu. 2008. 'La cohésion des cadres intermédiaires: un contrepoids aux divisions du parti? Le cas du Parti National Libéral Roumain.' Transitions 48 (1): 85-103.
- Ganev, V. 2012. 'Post-accession Hooliganism: Democratic Governance in Bulgaria and Romania after 2007.' East European Politics and Societies 27 (1): 26-44, https://doi.org/10.1177/0888325412465086.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
- Gauja, A. 2015. 'The Construction of Party Membership.' European Journal of Political Research 54 (2): 232-248, https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12078.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
- Gherghina, S. 2014. '"Shaping Parties" Legitimacy: Internal Regulations and Membership Organizations in Post-Communist Europe.' International Political Science Review 35 (3): 291-306, https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512113517125.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
- Gherghina, S., A. Iancu and S. Soare. 2018. 'Party Membership and Its Conceptualization in Democratizing European Countries: An Introduction.' Pp. 1-20 in Party Members and Their Importance in Non-EU Countries . A Comparative Analysis, edited by S. Gherghina, A. Iancu and S. Soare. London: Routledge, https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315201177-1.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
- Gîrlașiu, M. and S. Duţă. 2017. 'Visul lui Dragnea: un milion de pesedişti până în 2018.' (Dragnea's dream: one million PSD members by 2018) Retrieved 15 June 2020 (https://jurnalul.antena3.ro/stiri/politica/visul-lui-dragnea-un-milion-de-pesedisti- pana-in-2018-755765.html).
- Grzymała-Busse, A. M. 2002. Redeeming the Past: The Regeneration of Communist Parties in East Central Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
- Hazan, R. Y. and G. Rahat. 2010. Democracy within Parties: Candidate Selection Methods and their Political Consequences. Oxford: Oxford University Press, https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199572540.001.0001.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
- Hotnews. 2015. 'Liviu Dragnea, ales presedinte PSD cu 96-97% dintre voturile membrilor partidului.' (Liviu Dragnea, elected PSD president with 96-97% of the party members' votes) HotNews .ro, 12 October 2015. Retrieved 15 June 2020 (https://www.hotnews. ro/stiri-politic-20497863-liviu-dragnea-ales-presedinte-psd-96-97-dintre-voturile- membrilor-partidului-surse.htm).
- Hotnews. 2018. 'Conducerea PNL a modificat procedura depunerii candidaturilor pentru alegerile europarlamentare.' HotNews .ro, 4 August 2018, https://www.hotnews.ro/stiri-esential-22603651-conducerea-pnl-modificat-procedura-depunerii-candidaturilor-pentru-alegerile-europarlamentare.htm.
- Howard, M. 2003. The Weakness of Civil Society in Post-Communist Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511840012.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
- Iancu, A. 2017. 'Démocratisation et professionnalisation politique en Roumanie. Règles formelles et pratiques informelles de sélection gouvernementale.' Revue d'études comparatives Est-Ouest 48 (1-2): 297-328, https://doi.org/10.4074/S0338059917001103.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
- Ionaşcu, A. 2012. 'Lessons from a Divided Society: Howto Deal with Party Factionalism.' Romanian Journal of Political Science 12 (1): 4-34.
- Ionaşcu, A. and S. Soare. 2012. 'În căutarea unui Mecena. Mecanisme şi procese de finanţare ale partidelor politice în România postcomunistă.' (Looking for a Maecenas. The mechanisms and processes of party financing in post-communist Romania) Sfera Politicii 169: 56-64.
- Katz, R. S. and M. Blyth. 2005. 'From Catch-All Politics to Cartelization: The Political Economy of the Cartel Party.' West European Politics 28 (1): 33-60, https://doi.org/10.1080/0140238042000297080.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
- Katz, R. S. and P. Mair. 2009. 'The Cartel Party Thesis: A Restatement'. Perspectives on Politics 7 (4): 753-766, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592709991782.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
- Kölln, A-K. 2015. 'The Effects of Membership Decline on Party Organisations in Europe.' European Journal of Political Research 54 (4): 707-725, https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12110.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
- Kosiara-Pedersen, K., S. E. Scarrow and E. van Haute. 2017. 'Rules of Engagement? Party Membership Costs, New Forms of Party Affiliation, and Partisan Participation.' Pp. 234-259 in Organizing Political Parties Representation, Participation, and Power, edited by S. E. Scarrow, P. D. Webb and T. Poguntke. Oxford: Oxford University Press, https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198758631.003.0010.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
- Mair, P. 2006. 'Ruling the Void? The Hollowing of Western Democracies.' New Left Review 42 (November-December): 25-51.
- Mair, P. and I. van Biezen. 2001. 'Party Membership in Twenty European Democracies: 1980-2000.' Party Politics 7 (1): 5-21, https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068801007001001.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
- Mazzoleni, O. and G. Voerman. 2017. 'Memberless Parties. Beyond the Business-Firm Party Model?' Party Politics 23 (6) 783-792, https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068815627398.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
- Mungiu, A. 2018. 'Explaining Eastern Europe: Romania's Italian-Style Anticorruption Populism.' Journal of Democracy 29 (3): 104-116, https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2018.0048.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
- Pilet, J.-B. and W. Cross. (eds) 2014. The Selection of Political Party Leaders in Contemporary Parliamentary Democracies: A Comparative Study. London and New York: Routledge, https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315856025.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
- Poguntke, T., S. E. Scarrow, P. D. Webb, E. H. Allern, N. Aylott, I. van Biezen, E. Calossi, M. Costa Lobo, W. P. Cross, K. Deschouwer, Z. Enyedi, E. Fabre, D. M. Farrell, A. Gauja, E. Pizzimenti, P. Kopecký, R. Koole, W. C. Müller, K. Kosiara-Pedersen, G. Rahat, A. Szczerbiak, E. van Haute and T. Verge. 2016. 'Party Rules, Party Resources and the Politics of Parliamentary Democracies: How Parties Organize in the 21st Century.' Party Politics 22 (6): 661-678, https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068816662493.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
- Pop-Elecheş, G. 2008. 'A Party for All Seasons: Electoral Adaptation of Romanian Communist Successor Parties.' Communist and Post-Communist Studies 41 (4): 465-479, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2008.09.004.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
- Preda, C. and S. Soare. 2015. 'La Roumanie.' Pp. 395-411 in Les démocraties européennes. Institutions, élections et partis politiques, edited by N. Brack, J.-M. De Waele and J.-B. Pilet. Paris: Arman Colin.
- Scarrow, S. 2015. Beyond Party Members: Changing Approaches to Partisan Mobilization. Oxford: Oxford University Press, https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199661862.001.0001.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
- Scarrow, S. 2017. 'The Changing Nature of Political Party Membership.' Oxford Research Encyclopedia. Retrieved 15 July 2019 (https://oxfordre.com/politics/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.001.0001/acrefore-9780190228637-e-226), https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.226.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
- Slăvoiu, V. 2018. 'Finanţarea partidelor politice în România: cine și de unde ia bani.' (Financing political parties in Romania: who pays and where the money comes from) România curată. Retrieved 15 June (http://www.romaniacurata.ro/finantarea- partidelor-politice-in-romania-cine-si-de-unde-ia-bani/).
- Spirova, M. 2005. 'Political Parties in Bulgaria. Organisational Trends in Comparative Perspective.' Party Parties 11 (5): 601-622, https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068805054982.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
- Stan, L. 2010. 'Romania: In the Shadow of the Past.' Pp. 379-401 in Central and Southeast European Politics since 1989, edited by S. P. Ramet. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511803185.021.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
- Tapalagă. D. 2018. 'Bugetul pentru finanţarea partidelor s-a dublat în 2018 faţă de anul trecut cu bani luaţi de la despăgubiri. De ce au nevoie partidele de mai multe fonduri de la buget.' (The budget for party financing doubled in 2018 with money taken from compensations. Why do parties need more funds from the national budget) G4Media, https://www.g4media.ro/bugetul-pentru-finantarea-partidelor-s-a-dublat-in-2018- fata-de-anul-trecut-cu-bani-luati-de-la-despagubiri-de-ce-au-nevoie-partidele-de-mai- multe-fonduri-de-la-buget.html.
- van Biezen, I. 2003. Political Parties in New Democracies: Party Organization in Southern and East-Central Europe. London: Palgrave-Macmillan, https://doi.org/10.1057/9781403937858.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
- van Biezen, I., P. Mair and T. Poguntke. 2012. 'Going, Going, … Gone? The Decline of Party Membership in Contemporary Europe.' European Journal of Political Research 51 (1): 24-56, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.2011.01995.x.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
- van Haute, E. and A. Gauja. (eds) 2015. Party Members and Activists. London: Routledge, https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315722214.
Přejít k původnímu zdroji...
- Verba, S., N. H. Nie and J. Kim. 1978. Participation and Political Equality: A Seven-Nation Comparison. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- De Răzvan, F. 2016. 'De ce n-o să fiu niciodată destul de penibil ca să intru într-un partid politic din România.' Vice.com, 13 September 2016. Retrieved 15 June 2020 (https://www.vice.com/ro/article/vveygj/motive-sa-nu-intri-in-partidele-politice- din-romania).
Tento článek je publikován v režimu tzv. otevřeného přístupu k vědeckým informacím (Open Access), který je distribuován pod licencí Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0), která umožňuje distribuci, reprodukci a změny, pokud je původní dílo řádně ocitováno. Není povolena distribuce, reprodukce nebo změna, která není v souladu s podmínkami této licence.