Sociologický časopis / Czech Sociological Review 2011, 47(1): 115-136 | DOI: 10.13060/00380288.2011.47.1.06

Dynamics of New Party Formation in the Czech Republic 1996-2010: Looking for the Origins of a Political Earthquake

Seán Hanley
University College London

The stable and closed nature of the party system and the failure of most new political parties were among the most salient features of Czech democracy over the past two decades. The results of the 2010 parliamentary elections seemed to mark a break with this pattern: support for two main parties slumped to historically low levels and two new parties, TOP 09 and Public Affairs (Věci veřejné), entered parliament. This article seeks to put the 'political earthquake' of 2010 into perspective by mapping the development of new parties in the Czech Republic over the past two decades and relating them to comparative literature and typologies of new party emergence. It concludes that, of the two successful new parties in 2010, Public Affairs was by far the more novel and important phenomenon.

Keywords: political parties, new parties, party system, Czech Republic.

Published: February 1, 2011Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Hanley, S. (2011). Dynamics of New Party Formation in the Czech Republic 1996-2010: Looking for the Origins of a Political Earthquake. Sociologický časopis / Czech Sociological Review47(1), 115-136. doi: 10.13060/00380288.2011.47.1.06.
Download citation

References

  1. Balšínek, Dalibor, Petr Kolář. 2010. "Nezůstal kámen na kameni." Lidové noviny 23 (125): 2.
  2. Deegan-Krause, Kevin. 2006. Elected Affinities: Democracy and Party Competition in Slovakia and the Czech Republic. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
  3. Deegan-Krause, Kevin. 2007. "Populism and the Logic of Party Rotation in Postcommunist Europe." Pp. 141-156 in Martin Bútora, Oľga Gyárfášová, Grigorij Mesežnikov, Thomas W. Skladony (eds.). Democracy and Populism in Central Europe: The Visegrad Elections and Their Aftermath. Bratislava: Institute for Public Affairs (IVO).
  4. Deegan-Krause, Kevin. 2010. "Czech Election Update: Time for the Bigger Picture." pozorblog.com [online] [cit. 1. 7. 2010]. Dostupné z: <http://www.pozorblog.com/2010/06/czech-election-update-time-for-the-bigger-picture>.
  5. Deegan-Krause, Kevin, Zsolt Enyedi. 2010. "Agency and the Structure of Party Competition: Alignment, Stability and the Role of Political Elites." [online]. European University Institute Working Papers RCSAS 2010/09. San Domenico di Fiesole: European University Institute [cit. 1. 2. 2010]. Dostupné z: <http://cadmus.eui.eu/dspace/bitstream/1814/13133/1/RSCAS_2010_09.pdf>. Go to original source...
  6. Deegan-Krause, Kevin, Tim Haughton. 2010. "A Fragile Stability: the Institutional Roots of Low Party System Volatility in the Czech Republic 1990-2009." Politologický časopis / Czech Journal of Political Science 17 (3): 227-241.
  7. Demker, Marie. 2008. "A New Era of Party Politics in a Globalised World: The Concept of the Virtue Parties." [online]. Quality of Government Working Paper No. 2008:20. Gothenburg: The Quality of Government Institute [cit. 20. 1. 2010]. Dostupné z: <http://www.qog.pol.gu.se/working_papers/2008_20_Demker.pdf>.
  8. Dimun, Petr. 2002. "Komentář: Taková byla Čtyřkoalice." Proglas [online] 2002 (2) [cit. 5. 7. 2010]. Dostupné z: <http://www.cdk.cz/rp/clanky/52/komentar-takovabyla-ctyrkoalice/>.
  9. Enyedi, Zsolt. 2005. "The Role of Agency in Cleavage Formation." European Journal of Political Research 44 (5): 697-720. Go to original source...
  10. Hanley, Seán. 2006. "Europe and the Czech Parliamentary Elections of 2-3 June 2006." [online]. EPERN Election Briefing no. 27 [cit. 2. 4. 2010]. Dostupné z: <http://www.sussex.ac.uk/sei/documents/epern_no_27.pdf>.
  11. Hanley, Seán. 2010a. "The Consolidation of Centre-right Parties in the Czech Republic as an Issue for Comparative Analysis." Politologický časopis / Czech Journal of Political Science 17 (2): 115-132.
  12. Hanley, Seán. 2010b. "The Czech Republicans 1990-1998: Rise and Fall of a Populist Radical Right Outsider Party." Příspěvek přednesený na workshopu The Ambivalence of Populism: Threat or Corrective for Democracy? Berlín, 5-6. 8. 2010.
  13. Harmel, Robert. 1985. "On the Study of New Parties." International Political Science Review 6 (4): 403-418. Go to original source...
  14. Harmel, Robert, John D. Robertson. 1985. "Formation and Success of New Parties: A Cross National Analysis." International Political Science Review / Revue internationale de science politique 6 (4): 501-523. Go to original source...
  15. Hopkin, Jonathan, Caterina Paolucci. 1999. "The Business Firm Model of Party Organization: Cases from Spain and Italy." European Journal of Political Research 35 (3): 307-339. Go to original source...
  16. Hug, Simon. 2001. Altering Party Systems. Strategic Behavior and the Emergence of New Political Parties in Western Democracies. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press. Go to original source...
  17. Kopeček, Lubomír. 2005a. "Strana zelených." Pp. 1579-92 in Jiří Malíř, Pavel Marek et al. (eds.). Politické strany: vývoj politických stran a hnutí v českých zemích a Československu, II. díl 1938-2004. Brno: Doplněk.
  18. Kopeček, Lubomír. 2005b. "Strana za životní jistoty." Pp. 1633-43 in Jiří Malíř, Pavel Marek et al. (eds.). Politické strany: vývoj politických stran a hnutí v českých zemích a Československu, II. díl 1938-2004. Brno: Doplněk.
  19. Krouwel, André, Onno Bosch. 2004. "Explaining the Emergence of New Parties: Cynical Citizens and the rise of populism." Příspěvek přednesený na workshopu Kwaliteit van het leven en politieke attitudes. Methodologische vraagstukken en empirische analyses, at the Politicologenetmaal 2004. Antverpy, 27.-28. 5. 2004.
  20. Lauder, Silvie. 2010. "Supernova John." Respekt 21 (8): 18-20.
  21. Linek, Lukáš. 2002. "Co ne/dělat s teorií kartelové strany?" Politologická revue 8 (2): 117-133.
  22. Linek, Lukáš, Pat Lyons. 2007. "What can Ecological Inference Tell Us about the SecondOrder-Election-Thesis in the Czech Republic and Slovakia?" Pp. 327-369 in Michael Marsh, Slava Mikhaylov, Hermann Schmitt (eds.). European Elections after Eastern Enlargement. Preliminary Results from the European Election Study 2004. Mannheim: MZES, CONNEX.
  23. Linek, Lukáš, Jan Outlý. 2008. "Czech Republic: Is It Possible to Buy Political Stability." Pp. 77-94 in Steven D. Roper, Jānis Ikstens (eds.). Public Finance and Post-Communist Party Development. Aldershot, Burlington, VT: Ashgate.
  24. Lucardie, Paul. 2000. "Prophets, Purifiers and Prolocutors: Towards a Theory on the Emergence of New Parties." Party Politics 6 (2): 175-185. Go to original source...
  25. Mainwaring, Scott, Anabella España, Carlos Gervasoni. 2009. "Extra System Electoral Volatility and the Vote Share of Young Parties." Příspěvek přednesený na výročním shromáždění Canadian Political Science Association. Ottawa, 28. 5. 2009.
  26. Mareš, Miroslav. 2003. Pravicový extremismus a radikalismus v ČR. Brno: Barrister and Principal.
  27. Mareš, Miroslav. 2005a. "Sdružení pro republiku - Republikánská strana Československa." Pp. 1633-1643 in Jiří Malíř, Pavel Marek et al. (eds.). Politické strany: vývoj politických stran a hnutí v českých zemích a Československu, II. díl 1938-2004. Brno: Doplněk.
  28. Mareš, Miroslav. 2005b. "Nezávislé a 'antistranické' strany a hnutí." Pp. 1653-1666 in Jiří Malíř, Pavel Marek et al. (eds.). Politické strany: vývoj politických stran a hnutí v českých zemích a Československu, II. díl 1938-2004. Brno: Doplněk.
  29. Mareš, Miroslav, Maxmilián Strmiska. 2005. "Moravistické strany a hnutí." Pp. 1615-1632 in Jiří Malíř, Pavel Marek et al. (eds.). Politické strany: vývoj politických stran a hnutí v českých zemích a Československu, II. díl 1938-2004. Brno: Doplněk.
  30. Panebianco, Angelo. 1988. Political Parties: Organisation and Power. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  31. Pečínka, Pavel. 2003. "Jak Strana Zelených svlékla starou kůži." Parlamentní zpravodaj 9 (4): 31-36.
  32. Powell, Eleanor N., Joshua A. Tucker. 2009. "New Approaches to Electoral Volatility: Evidence from Postcommunist Countries." [online]. New York: New York University [cit. 15. 12. 2009]. Dostupné z: <http://homepages.nyu.edu/~jat7/Powell_Tucker_Volatility.pdf>.
  33. Pšeja, Pavel, Miroslav Mareš. 2005. "Malé strany liberální orientace." Pp. 1667-1680 in Jiří Malíř, Pavel Marek et al. (eds.). Politické strany: vývoj politických stran a hnutí v českých zemích a Československu, II. díl 1938-2004. Brno: Doplněk.
  34. Roberts, Kenneth M., Erik Wibbels. 1999. "Party Systems and Electoral Volatility in Latin America: A Test of Economic, Institutional and Structural Explanations." The American Political Science Review 93 (3): 575-590. Go to original source...
  35. Schedler, Andreas. 1997. "Antipolitics - Closing or Colonizing the Public Sphere." Pp. 1-20 in Andreas Schedler (ed.). The End of Politics? Explorations into Modern Antipolitics. London, New York: Macmillan and St. Martin´s Press. Go to original source...
  36. Sikk, Allan. 2005. "How Unstable? Volatility and the Genuinely New Parties in Eastern Europe." European Journal of Political Research 44 (3): 391-412. Go to original source...
  37. Sikk, Allan. 2009. "Parties and Populism." Centre for Europea Politics, Security and Integration Working Paper 2009-02 [online]. London: UCL School of Slavonic and East European Studies [cit. 2. 7. 2010]. Dostupné z: <http://www.ssees.ucl.ac.uk/PartiesandPopulism.pdf>.
  38. Sikk, Allan. 2010. "Newness as a Winning Formula for New Political Parties." Party Politics (v tisku).
  39. Starostové a nezávislí. 2009. "Kdo jsme." [online]. Praha: Starostové a nezávislí [cit. 1. 4. 2010]. Dostupné z: <http://www.starostove-nezavisli.cz/o-nas/kdo-jsme>.
  40. Strana práv občanů - Zemanovci. n.d. "Návrh programového prohlášení Strany práv občanů - Zemanovci." [online]. Praha: Strana práv občanů - Zemanovci [cit. 1. 3. 2010]. Dostupné z: <http://www.spoz.cz/index.php/nase-strana/program-spo>.
  41. Strana svobodných občanů. n.d. "Politický program." [online]. Praha: Strana svobodných občanů [cit. 1. 3. 2010]. Dostupné z: <http://www.svobodni.cz/9-program/64-politicky-program-pro-parlamentni-volby/>.
  42. Suverenita. n.d. "Kdo jsme: Suverenita - strana na obranu zájmů České republiky a jejích občanů." [online]. Praha: Suverenita [cit. 1. 8. 2010]. Dostupné z <http://www.suverenita.cz/kdo-jsme/historie>.
  43. Švec, Petr, Tomáš Syrovátka. 2010. "Příběh Věcí veřejných: cesta od party aktivistů do vrcholné politiky." iDnes.cz [online] 7. 6. 2010 [cit. 20. 7. 2010]. Dostupné z: <http://zpravy.idnes.cz/pribeh-veci-verejnych-cesta-od-party-aktivistu-do-vrcholnepolitiky-1i1-/domaci.asp?c=A100606_203840_domaci_iky>.
  44. Tavits, Margit. 2008. "Party Systems in the Making: The Emergence and Success of New Parties in New Democracies." British Journal of Political Science 38 (1): 113-133. Go to original source...
  45. Učeň, Peter. 2007. "Parties, Populism, and Anti-Establishment Politics in East Central Europe." SAIS Review 27 (1): 49-62.
  46. Učeň, Peter, Oľga Gyárfášová, Vladimír Krivý. 2005. "Centrist Populism in Slovakia from the Perspective of Voters and Supporters." Slovak Foreign Policy Affairs 6 (1): 28-47.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0), which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.