Evaluation of the Specific Roles of Anions in Electron Transport and Energy Transfer Reactions in Photosynthesis

A. Jajoo, S. Bharti, P. Mohanty

Photosynthetica 2001, 39(3):321-337 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1015125008028

Ionic environment is important in regulating photosynthetic reactions. The roles of cations, Mn²⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Na⁺, and K⁺ as cofactors in electron transport, energy transfer, phosphorylation, and carbon assimilation are better known than the roles of anions, except for chloride and bicarbonate. Only a limited information exists on the roles and effects of nitri formate, sulphate, and phosphate. In this review, we evaluate and highlight the roles of some specific anions on electron transport as well as on excitation energy transfer processes in photosynthesis. Anions exert significant effects on...

Pessarakli, M. (ed.): Handbook of Plant and Crop Physiology. Second Edition, Revised and Expanded

J. Čatský

Photosynthetica 2001, 39(3):338 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1015111217114

Crassulacean Acid Metabolism 1975-2000, a Check List

O.H. Sayed

Photosynthetica 2001, 39(3):339-352 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1020292623960

A list of plant species documented over the past 25 years to exhibit Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) is presented. The list compiles all available information on these species including their growth habits, succulent parts, carbon isotope discrimination values, CAM types, CAM inducers, and CAM modifications.

Regulation of Plastid Gene Expression by High Temperature during Light Induced Chloroplast Development

Abhay K. Singh, G.S. Singhal

Photosynthetica 2001, 39(3):353-361 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1015122124866

Effect of high temperature on the plastid gene expression during the light induced chloroplast development in etiolated seedlings was determined by Northern hybridisation using cloned DNA fragments of wheat chloroplast genome. Based on their response to high temperature, plastid genes were grouped into three categories: (1) plastid genes whose expression was not affected by high temperature (genes for rRNA, ribosomal proteins, tRNAs, and some genes coding for putative NADH dehydrogenase); (2) plastid genes whose expression increased at high temperature (genes coding for α-subunit of RNA polymerase and some unidentified transcripts,...

Cullen, J. (ed.): Handbook of North European Garden Plants. With Keys to Families and Genera

M. Blažek

Photosynthetica 2001, 39(3):362 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1015163201184

Pre-Treatment of Bean Seedlings with Choline Compounds Increases the Resistance of Photosynthetic Apparatus to UV-B Radiation and Elevated Temperatures

V.D. Kreslavski, T.I. Balakhnina, M.S. Khristin, N.G. Bukhov

Photosynthetica 2001, 39(3):363-368 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1015174108937

Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Berbukskaya) seedlings were pre-treated with choline compounds, 19 mM 2-ethyltrimethylammonium chloride (Ch) or 1.6 mM 2-chloroethyltrimethylammonium chloride (CCh), during 24 h, then after 6 d the excised primary leaves were exposed to UV-B and high temperature stress. Chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence, delayed light emission, accumulation of photosynthetic pigments, contents of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and activities of the active oxygen detoxifying enzymes (superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase) were examined. Pre-treatment of plants with Ch or CCh enhanced the resistance...

Different Responses of Norway Spruce Needles from Shaded and Exposed Crown Layers to the Prolonged Exposure to Elevated CO₂ Studied by Various Chlorophyll a Fluorescence Techniques

J. Kalina, O. Urban, M. Čajánek, I. Kurasová, V. Špunda, M.V. Marek

Photosynthetica 2001, 39(3):369-376 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1015126225775

The acclimation depression of capacity of photon utilisation in photochemical reactions of photosystem 2 (PS2) can develop already after three months of cultivation of the Norway spruces (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) under elevated concentrations of CO₂ (i.e., ambient, AC, + 350 µmol(CO₂) mol^-1 = EC) in glass domes with adjustable windows. To examine the role that duration of EC plays in acclimation response, we determined pigment contents, rate of photosynthesis, and parameters of chlorophyll a fluorescence for sun and shade needles after three seasons of EC exposure. We found responses of shaded...

Estimation of Photorespiration Rate by Simultaneous Measurements of CO₂, Gas Exchange Rate, and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Quenching in the C₃ Plant Vigna Radiata (L.) Wilczek and the C₄ Plant Amaranthus Mongostanus L.

Y. Yoshimura, F. Kubota, K. Hirao

Photosynthetica 2001, 39(3):377-382 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1015178209845

So far the photorespiration rate (R_P) in a leaf has been determined as the difference between the net photosynthetic rates (P_N) measured in 21 % O₂ air (P_N21%) and 3 % O₂ air (P_N3%). In the C₃ plant Vigna radiata and the C₄ plant Amaranthus mongostanus L., P_N and chlorophyll fluorescence quenching in leaves were monitored simultaneously. R_P of leaves in situ was estimated as termed R_PE from the electron transport rates through photosystem 2 (PS2), and compared...

Temperature-Dependent Gas Exchange and Stomatal/Non-Stomatal Limitation to CO₂ Assimilation of Quercus Liaotungensis under Midday High Irradiance

Shouren Zhang, Qingkang Li, Keping Ma, Lingzhi Chen

Photosynthetica 2001, 39(3):383-388 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1015130326683

The effects of varying leaf temperature (T₁) on some ecophysiological characteristics of photosynthesis for Quercus liaotungensis Koiz. under ambient radiation stress around midday on clear summer days were investigated using an IRGA equipped with a temperature-controlled cuvette. Net photosynthetic rate (P_N) decreased as T₁ increased from 30 to 35 °C as a result of stomatal closure, whereas non-stomatal limitation led to decreased P_N in the T₁ range of 35-45 °C. Decreased transpiration rate (E) and stomatal conductance (g_s) at...

Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics in Pearl Millet under Water Stress and Different Potassium Supply

M. Ashraf, Ashfaq Ahmad, T. McNeilly

Photosynthetica 2001, 39(3):389-394 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1015182310754

Influence of supra-optimal concentrations of K on growth, water relations, and photosynthetic capacity in pearl millet under severe water deficit conditions was assessed in a glasshouse. Nineteen-days-old plants of two lines, ICMV-94133 and WCA-78, of Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br. were subjected for 30 d to 235.0, 352.5, and 470.0 mg(K) kg^-1(soil) and two water regimes (100 and 30 % field capacity). Increasing K supply did not alleviate the effect of water deficit on the growth of two lines of pearl millet since additional amount of K in the growth medium had no effect on shoot dry mass, relative growth rate, plant leaf area, net...

Glass Domes with Adjustable Windows: A Novel Technique for Exposing Juvenile Forest Stands to Elevated CO₂ Concentration

O. Urban, D. Janouš, R. Pokorný, I. Markova, M. Pavelka, Z. Fojtík, M. Šprtová, J. Kalina, M.V. Marek

Photosynthetica 2001, 39(3):395-401 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1015134427592

We present a new technological approach for in situ investigation of long-term impacts of elevated CO₂ concentration (EC) on juvenile forests characterised by an intensive community level and canopy closure phase. Construction of the glass domes is based on the properties of earlier tested open-top chambers (OTCs). An air climatisation device together with an adjustable window system, that forms the shell cover of the domes, is able to keep the required [CO₂] in both time and spatial scales with the relatively small consumption of supplied CO₂. This is achieved by half-closing the windows on the windward side....

Fernholz, L.T., Morgenthaler, S., Stahel, W. (ed.): Statistics in Genetics and in the Environmental Sciences

R. Krejčí

Photosynthetica 2001, 39(3):402 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1015115318023

Hickey, M., King, C.: The Cambridge Illustrated Glossary of Botanical Terms

M. Blažek

Photosynthetica 2001, 39(3):402 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1015171503002

Responses of Two Olive Tree (Olea Europaea L.) Cultivars to Elevated CO₂ Concentration in the Field

R. Tognetti, L. Sebastiani, C. Vitagliano, A. Raschi, A. Minnocci

Photosynthetica 2001, 39(3):403-410 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1015186411662

Five-year-old plants of two olive cultivars (Frantoio and Moraiolo) grown in large pots were exposed for 7 to 8 months to ambient (AC) or elevated (EC) CO₂ concentration in a free-air CO₂ enrichment (FACE) facility. Exposure to EC enhanced net photosynthetic rate (P_N) and decreased stomatal conductance, leading to greater instantaneous transpiration efficiency. Stomata density also decreased under EC, while the ratio of intercellular (C_i) to atmospheric CO₂ concentration and chlorophyll content did not differ, except for the cv. Moraiolo after seven months of exposure to EC. Analysis...

Temperature and Light Dependence of Photosynthetic Activities in Wheat Seedlings Grown in the Presence of DCMU [3-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1,1-Dimethylurea]

K. Muthuchelian, M. Bertamini, N. Nedunchezhian

Photosynthetica 2001, 39(3):411-418 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1015138628501

Photosynthetic electron transfer was studied in thylakoids isolated from control and DCMU-grown wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings. When exposed to high temperature (HT) and high iradiance (HI), thylakoids showed large variations in the photosynthetic electron transport activities and thylakoid membrane proteins. A drastic reduction in the rate of whole electron transport chain (H₂O → MV) was envisaged in control thylakoids when exposed to HT and HI. Such reduction was mainly due to the loss of photosystem 2, PS2 (H₂O → DCBQ) activity. The thylakoids isolated from seedlings grown in the presence of DCMU showed...

Multi-Phasic Kinetics of P700⁺ Dark Re-Reduction in Nicotiana Tabacum

Ming-Xian Jin, Zheng-Ju Yao, Hualing Mi

Photosynthetica 2001, 39(3):419-425 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1015190629409

Reduction kinetics of P700⁺ after far-red radiation (FR)-induced oxidation in intact tobacco leaves was examined by analysing the post-irradiation relaxation of 810-830 nm absorbance difference. The reduction curve could be de-convoluted distinctively into two or three exponential decaying components, depending on the FR irradiance, the treating and measuring temperatures, and the extent of dark adaptation. The multi-phasic kinetics of P700⁺ re-reduction upon the turning off of FR irradiation is related to the heterogeneity of electron transport around photosystem 1 in thylakoid membranes.

Hansen, A.: Bioinformatik - Ein Leitfaden für Naturwissenschaftler

F. Cvrčková

Photosynthetica 2001, 39(3):426 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1015119418931

Effects of Thallus Temperature and Hydration on Photosynthetic Parameters of Cetraria Islandica from Contrasting Habitats

J. Hájek, M. Barták, J. Gloser

Photosynthetica 2001, 39(3):427-435 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1015194713480

Two methods of induced in vivo chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence were used to investigate the effects of varying thallus temperature and hydration on the performance of photosynthetic apparatus of a foliar lichen Cetraria islandica: slow Chl fluorescence induction kinetic with the analysis of quenching mechanisms, and rapid irradiance response curves of photosynthesis derived from quantum yield of photochemical reactions of photosystem 2 (Φ₂) recorded at increasing irradiances. We compared responses of photosynthetic apparatus in populations of C. islandica growing in lower altitude (LAP: 1 350 m a.s.l.) and in higher...

Matthews, J.R., Bowen, J.M., Matthews, R.W.: Successful Scientific Writing

Z. Šesták

Photosynthetica 2001, 39(3):436 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1015167302093

Chlorophyll a Fluorescence Response of Norway Spruce Needles to the Long-Term Effect of Elevated CO₂ in Relation to Their Position Within the Canopy

M.V. Marek, M. Šprtová, O. Urban, V. Špunda

Photosynthetica 2001, 39(3):437-445 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1015146830318

The long-term impact of elevated CO₂ concentration on photosynthetic activity of sun-exposed (E) versus shaded (S) foliage was investigated in a Picea abies stand (age 12 years) after three years of cultivation in adjustable-lamella-domes (ALD). One ALD is supplied with either ambient air [ca. 350 µmol(CO₂) mol^-1; AC-variant) and the second with elevated CO₂ concentration [ambient plus 350 µmol(CO₂) mol^-1; EC-variant). The pronounced vertical profile of the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) led to the typical differentiation of the photosynthetic...

Cockell, C.S., Blaustein, A.R. (ed.): Ecosystems, Evolution, and Ultraviolet Radiation

J. Čatský

Photosynthetica 2001, 39(3):446 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1015175603910

Photosynthetic Acclimation to Elevated CO₂ in Relation to Leaf Saccharide Constituents in Wheat and Sunflower

M.C. Ghildiyal, S. Rafique, P. Sharma-Natu

Photosynthetica 2001, 39(3):447-452 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1015198814388

Wheat (T. durum cvs. HD 4502 and B 449, T. aestivum cvs. Kalyansona and Kundan) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. cv. Morden) were grown under atmospheric (360±10 cm³ m^-3, AC) and elevated CO₂ (650±50 cm³ m^-3, EC) concentration in open top chambers for entire period of growth and development till maturity. Leaf net photosynthetic rate (P_N) of EC-grown plants of wheat measured at EC was significantly decreased in comparison with AC-plants of wheat measured at EC. Sunflower, however, showed no significant depression in P_N in...

The Cause of the Difference in Leaf Net Photosynthetic Rate between Two Soybean Cultivars

Hua Jiang, Da-Quan Xu

Photosynthetica 2001, 39(3):453-459 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1015150931227

To explore the cause of difference in photosynthetic performance between different cultivars of crops, leaf net photosynt rate (P_N) and photosystem 2 (PS2) photochemical efficiency (F_v/F_m), apparent quantum yield of carbon assimilation (φ_c), electron transport rate, photophosphorylation activity, etc. were measured in two soybean cultivars, Heinong 42 and Heinong 37. At pod setting and filling, significant differences in P_N between them were observed. The former with a higher P_N (from 7 to 38 %) had a significantly higher leaf thickness, leaf dry mass/area...

Hall, D.O., Rao, K.K.: Photosynthesis. 6^th Ed.

Z. Šesták

Photosynthetica 2001, 39(3):460 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1015123619840

The Polarized Photoacoustic Spectra of Rhodobacter Sphaeroides Cells Embedded in Polymer and Strongly Irradiated by Polarized Radiation

J. Goc, K. Klecha

Photosynthetica 2001, 39(3):461-465 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1015103015297

The cells of purple photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides embedded in stretched polymer films were irradiated by strong polarized "white light" with an electric vector parallel to the direction of film stretching. The polarized absorption and photoacoustic spectra before and after strong irradiation were measured. Measurements of absorbance showed no confident anisotropy before and after strong irradiation. In contradiction, the photoacoustic method showed after strong irradiation some changes in anisotropy of thermal deactivation due to the perturbation of the fate of excitations. The increase in yield of thermal deactivation, higher...

Whitton, B.A., Potts, M. (ed.): The Ecology of Cyanobacteria. Their Diversity in Time and Space

Z. Šesták

Photosynthetica 2001, 39(3):466 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1015127720748

Effects of Cold-Hardening on Chilling-Induced Photoinhibition of Photosynthesis and on Xanthophyll Cycle Pigments in Sweet Pepper

Peng Liu, Qing-wei Meng, Qi Zou, Shi-jie Zhao, Qing-zhong Liu

Photosynthetica 2001, 39(3):467-472 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1015155032135

Two cultivars of Capsicum annuum L. were acclimated for 5 d at sub-optimal temperature (14 °C) and irradiance of 250 µmol m^-2 s^-1. This cold-hardening resulted in some reduction in the extent of photoinhibition during an 8 h exposure to high irradiance at 4 °C. Obvious differences were observed between non-hardened leaves (NHL) and cold-hardened leaves (CHL) in the recovery under low irradiance at room temperature. The CHL of both cultivars recovered faster than NHL, especially during the initial fast phase of recovery. Compared with NHL, the total content of carotenoids (Cars), based on chlorophyll, Chl (a+b),...

Influence of Mn Deficiency on Growth, Chlorophyll Content, Physiology, and Essential Monoterpene Oil(s) in Genotypes of Spearmint (Mentha Spicata L.)

P. Singh, A. Misra, N.K. Srivastava

Photosynthetica 2001, 39(3):473-476 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1015107116205

Spearmint cultivars MSS-5, Arka, and Neera grown in nutrient culture in controlled conditions differed in plant height, number of tillers, internodal position, fresh mass, dry mass, leaf stem ratio, and chlorophyll contents. Initial transpiration rate, stomatal conductivity, and CO₂ exchange rate showed better increase in MSS-5 genotype. Mn stress decreased oil content whereas the content of oil constituent carvone increased in MSS-5 and Arka.

Responses of Acacia Mangium Seedlings to Different Irradiances

Hua Yu, Bee-Lian Ong

Photosynthetica 2001, 39(3):477-479 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1015159100276

The photosynthetic and growth responses of A. mangium to different photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) during early seedling establishment (36 d after sowing) were investigated. Shade-grown A. mangium seedlings exhibited lower chlorophyll (Chl) a/b ratio, higher Chl and carotenoid (Car) contents, and higher total Chl/Car ratio than sun-grown seedlings. Sun-grown seedlings showed significantly higher photosynthetic capacity and total plant dry mass. High PPFD was crucial for the successful early establishment and robust growth of A. mangium seedlings.