The Early History of "Photosynthetica", "Photosynthesis Research", and their Publishers

Govindjee, Z. Šesták, W.R. Peters

Photosynthetica 2002, 40(1):1-11 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1020169502548

The history of the journals "Photosynthetica" and "Photosynthesis Research" is traced from its beginning. Their development is related to the history of several publishers (Dr W. Junk Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff, Kluwer Academic Publishers). This account is based on recollections and records of the authors, Ad C. Plaizier, and René Marcelle (the first Editor-in-Chief of Photosynthesis Research).

Blankenship, R.E.: Molecular Mechanisms of Photosynthesis

Z. Šesták

Photosynthetica 2002, 40(1):12 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1020128626172

Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters: The Definitions, Photosynthetic Meaning, and Mutual Relationships

K. Roháček

Photosynthetica 2002, 40(1):13-29 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1020125719386

Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (Chl FPs) derived from the slow (long-term) induction kinetics of modulated Chl a fluorescence are reviewed and analysed with respect to their application in photosynthesis research. Only four mutually independent Chl FPs, calculated from values of five essential Chl fluorescence (ChlF) yields, are distinguished as the basic ones. These are: the maximum quantum yield of PS2 photochemistry (Φ_PO), the photochemical quenching of variable ChlF (q_P), the non-photochemical quenching of variable ChlF (q_N), and the relative change of minimum ChlF (q_O). Φ_PO...

Robert, P.C., Rust, R.H., Larson, W.E. (ed.): Proceedings of the 5^th International Conference on Precision Agriculture and Other Resource Management

L. Nátr

Photosynthetica 2002, 40(1):30 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1020116306608

Elucidation of the Primary Events in Photosynthesis. Novel Insights Based on Enolisation and Iminium Involvement with Pheophytin in Photosystem 2

P. Kovacic

Photosynthetica 2002, 40(1):31-34 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1020177703457

Pheophytin (Pheo) is structurally constituted as to make possible certain reactions, previously given very little attention, which appear to play crucial roles in the initial electron transfer (ET) processes. The transformations involve enolisation with subsequent formation of mono- and di-iminium cations at the Pheo core. The important impact of these ions on ET from chlorophyll (Chl) to Pheo and then to quinone are evaluated. These insights rationalise the long-standing enigmas of fast transfer, across gap ET, activation-less aspect, and essential lack of reversibility. Comparisons are made to other important areas of iminium involvement, e.g....

The Influence of Leaf Windows on the Utilization and Absorption of Radiant Energy in Seven Desert Succulents

K.J. Egbert, C.E. Martin

Photosynthetica 2002, 40(1):35-39 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1020129820295

Four fluorescence parameters [F_v/F_m = the intrinsic efficiency of energy conversion via photosystem 2 (PS2); F_v'/F_m'= the efficiency of energy conversion via PS2 in the light; P = fraction of absorbed radiant energy utilized for photosynthesis; and D = fraction of absorbed radiant energy dissipated as heat] were measured on leaves of seven species of succulents having epidermal windows. While the function of leaf windows has reportedly been to increase absorption of radiant energy and, hence, the rate of photosynthesis in these species, recent evidence indicates that this translucent portion...

Cowen R.: History of Life. 3^rd Ed.

L. Nátr

Photosynthetica 2002, 40(1):40 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1020145112968

Excitation Energy Transfer in Cyanobacteria Synechocystis Embedded in Polymer Film and Partially Bleached by Polarized Irradiation

J. Goc, K. Klecha, A. Waskowiak, J. Miyake, D. Frackowiak

Photosynthetica 2002, 40(1):41-48 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1020181804365

The polarized absorption, photoacoustic, fluorescence emission, and fluorescence excitation spectra of whole cells of cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. embedded in a polymer film were measured. The bacteria cells, as it follows from anisotropy of absorption and fluorescence spectra, were even in a non-stretched polyvinyl alcohol film oriented to a certain extent. The measurements were done for such film in order to avoid the deformation of cyanobacteria shapes. Part of the samples was bleached by irradiation with strong polarized radiation with electric vector parallel to the orientation axis of cells. The anisotropy of photoacoustic spectra was...

Comparative Field Summer Stress of Three Tree Species Co-occurring in Mediterranean Coastal Dunes

J.M. Castillo, A.E. Rubio Casal, C.J. Luque, T. Luque, M.E. Figueroa

Photosynthetica 2002, 40(1):49-56 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1020133921204

Chlorophyll a fluorescence, water potential (Ψ_s), and root system of Juniperus oxycedrus ssp. macrocarpa, Juniperus phoenicea ssp. turbinata, and Pinus pinea were studied in Mediterranean coastal dunes of SW Spain during summer drought and after fall rains in 1999, the driest year in the 90's. A strong and reversible depression in the photochemical efficiency of photosystem 2 of the three species was recorded, which happened concomitantly with the diurnal increase and decrease in radiation. J. phoenicea, with superficial root system, was the most affected species by summer drought. It...

Photosynthetic Pathway Types of Forage Species Along Grazing Gradient from the Songnen Grassland, Northeastern China

R.Z. Wang

Photosynthetica 2002, 40(1):57-61 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1020185906183

Photosynthetic pathway types (C₃ and C₄ species) and their dynamics along grazing gradient were determined for 42 plant species in 30 genera and 13 families from the Songnen grassland, Northeastern China. Of the total, 10 species in 9 genera and 4 families had C₄ photosynthesis; 32 species in 21 genera and 12 families had C₃ photosynthesis. The proportion of C₄ species in total plants and C₄/C₃ increased with grazing intensity, and peaked in overgrazed plot. Most of the increased C₄ species (6 of 10) along the grazed gradient were annual grasses and halophytes....

Reysenbach, A.L., Voytek, M., Mancinelli, R. (ed.): Thermophiles Biodiversity, Ecology, and Evolution

V. Zachleder

Photosynthetica 2002, 40(1):62 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1020188928898

The Pattern of Changes in Photosynthetic Apparatus in Response to Cold Acclimation and De-acclimation in Two Contrasting Cultivars of Oilseed Rape

M. Rapacz, K. Hura

Photosynthetica 2002, 40(1):63-69 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1020142223930

In spring and winter cultivars of oilseed rape (Brassica napus var. oleifera), acclimation of photosynthetic apparatus to cold was connected with the increase in activities of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBPCO) and sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS). Conversely, cold de-acclimation entailed the decline of RuBPCO and SPS activities. The rate of this photosynthetic de-acclimation might depend on day temperature. On the other hand, temperature rise during de-acclimation (identical during the day and night) resulted in the improvement of photosynthetic activity measured by means of chlorophyll fluorescence. An increase...

Livingston, R.J.: Eutrophication Processes in Coastal Systems - Origin and Succession of Plankton Blooms and Effects on Secondary Production in Gulf Coast Estuaries

J. Lukavský

Photosynthetica 2002, 40(1):70 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1020124525263

Genetic and Functional Characterisation of Rhodobacter Capsulatus Reaction Centres Carrying Triple Mutations Near to or Far from Quinone Sites

S. Ozkan

Photosynthetica 2002, 40(1):71-75 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1020198308000

In Rhodobacter capsulatus, two triple mutants were constructed. In these non-photosynthetic mutants, two amino acids near the quinone Q_B have been mutated to two alanines: in the Q_A site have been mutated to alanine-aspartic acid and glutamic acid-alanine. Several spontaneous mutants derived from original constructs were selected. DNA sequencing experiments on originally designed mutant strains and their spontaneous mutants were performed to identify possible genetic reversions at quinone site-specific locations. Constructed mutants carry double alanines in the Q_B site and single alanine in the Q_A...

Gooding, K.M., Regnier, F.E. (ed.): HPLC of Biological Macromolecules

D. Haisel

Photosynthetica 2002, 40(1):76 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1020168324355

A Chlorophyll Fluorescence Analysis of the Allocation of Radiant Energy Absorbed in Photosystem 2 Antennae of Cotton Leaves During Exposure to Chilling

D. Kornyeyev, B.A. Logan, A.S. Holaday

Photosynthetica 2002, 40(1):77-84 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1020150408908

When dark-acclimated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. Coker 312) leaves, pre-treated with lincomycin to inhibit chloroplast protein repair processes, were exposed to 10 °C and a PPFD of 500 μmol m^-2 s^-1, the proportion of excitation energy entering photochemistry (P) increased, but only to 5 % of the total energy absorbed at steady state levels of P, which were reached at 40 min of irradiation. Thermal dissipation (D) of absorbed energy increased throughout the 360 min irradiation period and accounted for the greatest portion of absorbed energy at 10 °C. When D was partitioned into constitutive (D_CON), regulated...

Effects of Enhanced Ultraviolet-B (280-320 nm) Radiation on Growth and Photosynthetic Activities in Aquatic Fern Azolla Microphylla Kaulf

M. Jayakumar, M. Eyini, K. Lingakumar, G. Kulandaivelu

Photosynthetica 2002, 40(1):85-89 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1020154526655

The effects of enhanced UV-B radiation on growth and photosynthetic activities were investigated in fronds of the aquatic fern Azolla microphylla Kaulf. The fronds were exposed to UV-B radiation intermittently once in 3 d during 12 d. Biomass and relative growth rate of UV-B treated Azolla plants and the heterocyst frequency of the UV-B treated symbiont decreased resulting in an increase in doubling time over the control. The doubling time was 3.08 d for control and 3.35 d for UV-B irradiated plants. Chl and carotenoid contents per unit fresh mass and photosystem 2 (PS2) activity also decreased under UV-B treatment. Measurements of photosynthetic...

Brajter-Toth, A., Chambers, J.Q. (ed.): Electroanalytical Methods for Biological Materials

P. Mader

Photosynthetica 2002, 40(1):90 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1020112222538

Overproduction of Photosynthetic Electrons is Associated with Chilling Injury in Green Leaves

B. Alam, J. Jacob

Photosynthetica 2002, 40(1):91-95 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1020110710726

Employing the non-invasive techniques of infra-red gas analysis and pulse amplitude modulated chlorophyll fluorometry, we determined the partitioning of photosynthetic electrons between photosynthetic carbon reduction and other reductive processes resulting in the formation of active oxygen species (AOS) in intact green leaves. This we studied in plant species that are adapted to two different agro-climatic conditions, namely the warm plains (76°36'E, 9°32'N) and the cool mountains (1 600 m a.s.l.) in the south Indian state of Kerala. Ground frost and low temperature were more harmful to those species adapted to the warm plains than the ones adapted...

Mauch, J.E., Birch, J.W.: Guide to the Successful Thesis and Dissertation. 4^th Ed.

Z. Šesták

Photosynthetica 2002, 40(1):96 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1020197129807

The C₄ Photosynthetic Pathway and Life Forms in Grassland Species from North China

R.Z. Wang

Photosynthetica 2002, 40(1):97-102 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1020162728473

C₄ photosynthetic pathway and life form were determined for 159 species in 71 genera and 13 families in the grassland of North China. 45 % of the C₄ species were found in Graminae, 19 % in each of Cyperaceae and Chenopodiaceae. More than 51 % of these C₄ species were in therophyta and 36 % hemicryptophyta, while fewer species were in nanophanerophyta (9 %) or geophyta (5 %). The numbers of C₄ species and their life forms were closely related with grassland deterioration and succession in North China. This indicated that the C₄ species had greater capacity to tolerate environmental...

Response of Intact Cyanobacterial Cells and their Photosynthetic Apparatus to Cd²⁺ Ion Treatment

E. Tůmová, D. Sofrová

Photosynthetica 2002, 40(1):103-108 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1020112403728

Intact cells of Synechococcus elongatus were treated with different concentrations (0.1 and 1.0 mM = Cd_0.1, Cd_1.0) of CdCl₂ for 24 h. Cd_0.1 treatment stimulated growth of the cell culture and chlorophyll (Chl) a concentration in the culture. Cd_1.0 inhibited both the above mentioned parameters. The oxygen evolving activity of intact cells (H₂O → BQ) as well as of isolated thylakoid membranes, TM (H₂O → DCPIP; H₂O → PBQ + FeCy) decreased after 24 h of Cd_1.0 cultivation to 7 %. Photosystem 1 (PS1) activity was less sensitive...

Boron Deficiency Induced Changes in Translocation of ¹⁴CO₂-Photosynthate Into Primary Metabolites in Relation to Essential Oil and Curcumin Accumulation in Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.)

Deeksha Dixit, N.K. Srivastava, S. Sharma

Photosynthetica 2002, 40(1):109-113 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1020118913452

Changes in leaf growth, net photosynthetic rate (P_N), incorporation pattern of photosynthetically fixed ¹⁴CO₂ in leaves 1-4 from top, roots, and rhizome, and in essential oil and curcumin contents were studied in turmeric plants grown in nutrient solution at boron (B) concentrations of 0 and 0.5 g m^-3. B deficiency resulted in decrease in leaf area, fresh and dry mass, chlorophyll (Chl) content, and P_N and total ¹⁴CO₂ incorporated at all leaf positions, the maximum effect being in young growing leaves. The incorporation of ¹⁴CO₂ declined...

Thomas, C.F. (ed.): Libraries, the Internet, and Scholarship. Tools and Trends Converging

Z. Šesták

Photosynthetica 2002, 40(1):114 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1020132811151

Effect of Seawater on Photosynthesis and Dry Matter Accumulation in Developing Rice Grains

N. Sultana, T. Ikeda, M.A. Kashem

Photosynthetica 2002, 40(1):115-119 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1020175130290

To understand the physiology of rice under seawater salinity, potted rice plants were irrigated with different concentrations of Japan seawater (electrical conductivity 0.9, 5.7, 11.5, or 21.5 mS cm^-1) from 10 d after transplanting (DAT) to 35 DAT, and from 75 to 100 DAT. Seawater salinity decreased the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO₂ concentration, transpiration rate, leaf water and osmotic potentials, and relative water content, and increased leaf temperature. The contents of chlorophylls, carotenoids, and total sugars significantly decreased in the leaves but content of non-reducing sugars decreased...

PS2001 Proceedings, 12^th International Congress on Photosynthesis

Z. Šesták

Photosynthetica 2002, 40(1):120 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1020168219658

Effect of Chronic O₃ Fumigation on the Activity of Some Calvin Cycle Enzymes in Two Poplar Clones

E. Degl'Innocenti, L. Guidi, G.F. Soldatini

Photosynthetica 2002, 40(1):121-126 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1020127231198

The effects of long-term exposure to ozone (O₃, 60 mm³ m^-3 for 5 h d^-1) on some Calvin cycle enzymes, in particular those modulated by the thioredoxin system, were studied in two poplar clones. These clones differ in sensitivity to O₃. In the I-214 clone, the first effects from O₃ treatment were seen after 40 d of fumigation, while the Eridano clone showed visible symptoms of damage after only 15 d of the treatment. Specific activity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (E.C. 4.1.1.39) diminished in both the clones, while specific activity of phosphoenolpyruvate...

Remote Sensing of Solar-excited Plant Fluorescence as a Measure of Photosynthetic Rate

A. Freedman, J. Cavender-Bares, P.L. Kebabian, R. Bhaskar, H. Scott, F.A. Bazzaz

Photosynthetica 2002, 40(1):127-132 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1020131332107

Leaf level net photosynthetic rates (P_N) of laurel oak (Quercus hemispherica) juveniles grown under contrasting nutrient and CO₂ regimes were negatively correlated with red to far-red ratios, R/FR (690/760 nm), steady-state, solar-excited fluorescence ratios (r² = 0.66, n = 12) measured across 12 plant canopies. Laurel oak juveniles that had been subjected to nitrogen stress over a period of a year demonstrated higher R/FR than their counterparts that had been provided with sufficient nitrogen. Plants that had been grown at elevated CO₂ concentrations, EC [700 μmol (CO₂)...

Comparison of Some Photosynthetic Characters Between Two Hybrid Rice Combinations Differing in Yield Potential

Hua Jiang, Xue-Hua Wang, Qi-Yun Deng, Long-Ping Yuan, Da-Quan Xu

Photosynthetica 2002, 40(1):133-137 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1020135416177

Photosynthetic characteristics of two hybrid rice combinations, Peiai 64S/E32 and Shanyou 63, were compared at the panicle differentiation stage. As compared with Shanyou 63, the new combination Peiai 64S/E32 showed a significantly higher net photosynthetic rate (P_N), apparent quantum yield of carbon assimilation (Φ_c), carboxylation efficiency (CE), and photorespiratory rate (R_P) as well as leaf chlorophyll content, but a significantly lower dark respiration rate (R_D) and compensation irradiance (I_c). It also showed a slightly higher photochemical efficiency (F_v/F_m...

Relationship Between Photosystem 2 Electron Transport and Photosynthetic CO₂ Assimilation Responses to Irradiance in Young Apple Tree Leaves

Jia Husen, Li Dequan

Photosynthetica 2002, 40(1):139-144 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1020187401156

The responses to irradiance of photosynthetic CO₂ assimilation and photosystem 2 (PS2) electron transport were simultaneously studied by gas exchange and chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence measurement in two-year-old apple tree leaves (Malus pumila Mill. cv. Tengmu No.1/Malus hupehensis Rehd). Net photosynthetic rate (P_N) was saturated at photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) 600-1 100 (μmol m^-2 s^-1, while the PS2 non-cyclic electron transport (P-rate) showed a maximum at PPFD 800 μmol m^-2 s^-1. With PPFD increasing, either leaf potential photosynthetic...

Mercury Inhibits the Activity of the NADPH:Protochlorophyllide Oxidoreductase (POR)

K. Lenti, F. Fodor, B. Böddi

Photosynthetica 2002, 40(1):145-151 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1020143602973

The effect of Hg⁺⁺ was studied on the arrangement and photoactivity of NADPH:protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR) in homogenates of dark-grown wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) leaves. 77 K fluorescence emission spectra of the homogenates were recorded before and after the irradiation of the homogenates and the spectra were deconvoluted into Gaussian components. The mercury treatment caused a precipitation of the membrane particles, which was followed by a remarkable decrease of the fluorescence yield. 10^-3 M Hg⁺⁺ decreased the ratio of the 655 nm-emitting protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) form to the 633 nm-emitting...

Whole Leaf Thermoluminescence Emission in Pisum Sativum L.: Influence of Leaflet Age

M. Roman

Photosynthetica 2002, 40(1):153-156 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1020151903882

The thermoluminescence signals from leaflets of the same pea plant varied gradually according to their developmental stage. The AG emission, due to a back flow of electrons towards photosystem 2 (PS2) along a cyclic/chlororespiratory pathway, was stronger in mature leaves than in the growing ones. These age-related variations could be explained by a higher capacity of cyclic electron flow in mature leaves.

Effects of Phytoplasma Infection on Growth and Photosynthesis in Leaves of Field Grown apple (Malus Pumila Mill. cv. Golden Delicious)

M. Bertamini, K. Muthuchelian, M.S. Grando, N. Nedunchezhian

Photosynthetica 2002, 40(1):157-160 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1020156021629

The contents of chlorophyll (Chl), leaf biomass, and soluble proteins were markedly decreased in phytoplasma infected apple leaves. Similar results were also observed for ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase, ¹⁴CO₂ fixation, and nitrate reductase activity. In contrast, the contents of sugars, starch, amino acids, and total saccharides were significantly increased in phytoplasma infected leaves. In isolated chloroplasts, phytoplasma infection caused marked inhibition of whole photosynthetic electron chain and photosystem 2 (PS2) activity. The artificial exogenous electron donor, diphenyl carbazide, significantly restored the loss...