Experimental and theoretical study on high temperature induced changes in chlorophyll a fluorescence oscillations in barley leaves upon 2 % CO₂

D. Lazár, R. Kaňa, T. Klinkovský, J. Nauš

Photosynthetica 2005, 43(1):13-27 | DOI: 10.1007/s11099-005-3027-x

Oscillations in many of photosynthetic quantities with a period of about 1 min can be routinely measured with higher plant leaves after perturbation of the steady state by sudden change in gas phase. Among all hypotheses suggested so far to explain the oscillations, an effect of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBPCO) activation status to control the oscillations is highly probable, at least upon high temperature (HT) treatment when in vivo RuBPCO activity controlled by RuBPCO activase (RuBPCO-A) decreases. Therefore, we measured the oscillations in fluorescence signal coming from barley leaves (Hordeum vulgare L. cv....

Effects of water stress on photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism in vegetative and reproductive shoots of Leymus chinensis

Z. Z. Xu, G. S. Zhou

Photosynthetica 2005, 43(1):29-35 | DOI: 10.1007/s11099-005-0035-9

In Leymus chinensis, mild water stress (soil moisture 60-65 % of field capacity) had no significant effects on nitrogen metabolism, photosynthesis, and chlorophyll fluorescence. Severe water stress (35-40 %) significantly decreased the activities of nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase, and glutamate dehydrogenase, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, maximal efficiency of photosystem 2 photochemistry (F_v/F_m), actual quantum yield, and photochemical quenching, but increased the endopeptidase activity and malondialdehyde contents. The adverse effects on photosynthesis and N metabolism were...

Photosynthesis and photoinhibition in two xerophytic shrubs during drought

W. Tezara, O. Marín, E. Rengifo, D. Martínez, A. Herrera

Photosynthetica 2005, 43(1):37-45 | DOI: 10.1007/s11099-005-7045-5

Seasonal changes in water relations, net photosynthetic rate (P_N), and fluorescence of chlorophyll (Chl) a of two perennial C₃ deciduous shrubs, Ipomoea carnea and Jatropha gossypifolia, growing in a thorn scrub in Venezuela were studied in order to establish the possible occurrence of photoinhibition during dry season and determine whether changes in photochemical activity of photosystem 2 (PS2) may explain variations of P_N in these species. Leaf water potential (ψ) decreased from -0.2 to -2.1 MPa during drought in both species. The P_N decreased with ψ in...

Irradiance influences contents of photosynthetic pigments and proteins in tropical grasses and legumes

M. J. Baig, A. Anand, P. K. Mandal, R. K. Bhatt

Photosynthetica 2005, 43(1):47-53 | DOI: 10.1007/s11099-005-7053-5

Three tropical range grasses (Cenchrus ciliaris, Dichanthium annulatum, and Panicum antidotale) and two range legumes [Macroptilium atropurpureum (siratro) and Stylosanthes hamata (stylo)] were grown under four irradiances, i.e. 100 (I₁₀₀, control), 75 (I₇₅), 50 (I₅₀), and 25 (I₂₅) % of full sunlight. Accumulation of chlorophyll (Chl) b increased but that of Chl a decreased under low irradiances. The greater accumulation of Chl (a+b) in grasses (particularly in D. annulatum and P. antidotale) under...

Photosynthetic performance of vegetative and reproductive structures of green hellebore (Helleborus viridis L. agg.)

G. Aschan, H. Pfanz, D. Vodnik, F. Batič

Photosynthetica 2005, 43(1):55-64 | DOI: 10.1007/s11099-005-5064-x

Photosynthetic irradiance response of vegetative and reproductive structures of the green-flowered deciduous perennial green hellebore was studied by the comparative use of chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence techniques and gas exchange measurements. All the Chl-containing organs (leaves, sepals, stalks, and fruits) examined were photosynthetically active showing high intrinsic efficiencies of photosystem 2 (F_v/F_m: 0.75-0.79) after dark adaptation. Even in the smaller fertile and sterile parts of the flower (nectaries and anthers) a remarkable photosynthetic competence was detected. With increasing photon flux densities (PFD) electron...

Contrasting responses of photosynthesis at low temperatures in different annual legume species

M. C. Antolín, M. Hekneby, M. Sánchez-Díaz

Photosynthetica 2005, 43(1):65-74 | DOI: 10.1007/s11099-005-5074-8

Growth, net photosynthetic rate (P_N), chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetics, and stromal fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (sFBPase) in annual legumes native to the Mediterranean region, two clovers (Trifolium subterraneum L. ssp. oxaloides Nyman cv. Clare and T. michelianum Savi cv. Giorgia) and two Medicago species (M. polymorpha L. cv. Anglona and M. truncatula Gaertn. cv. Paraggio), shifted from 20 to 10 °C for 1 d or developed at 10 °C were compared with controls kept at 20 °C. Cold development produced a larger stimulation of growth in the clover cv. Giorgia and the Medicago cv....

Simulation of Pulse-Amplitude-Modulated (PAM) fluorescence: Limitations of some PAM-parameters in studying environmental stress effects

P. Juneau, B. R. Green, P. J. Harrison

Photosynthetica 2005, 43(1):75-83 | DOI: 10.1007/s11099-005-5083-7

Fluorescence parameters obtained during steady-state electron transport are frequently used to evaluate photosynthetic efficiency of plants. We studied the behaviour of those parameters as a function of irradiance-adapted fluorescence yields F_S and F'_M. Applied simulations showed that photochemical quenching evaluated by q_P is greatly influenced by the steady-state fluorescence level (F_S), and that its evolution is not complementary to non-photochemical quenching (q_N). On the other hand, the relative photochemical and non-photochemical quenching coefficients (q_P(rel) and q_N(rel))...

Leaf anatomy and photosynthetic acclimation in Valeriana jatamansi L. grown under high and low irradiance

S. Pandey, R. Kushwaha

Photosynthetica 2005, 43(1):85-90 | DOI: 10.1007/s11099-005-5090-8

Relationship of leaf anatomy with photosynthetic acclimation of Valeriana jatamansi was studied under full irradiance [FI, 1 600 μmol(PPFD) m^-2 s^-1] and net-shade [NS, 650 μmol(PPFD) m^-2 s^-1]. FI plants had thicker leaves with higher respiration rate (R_D), nitrogen content per unit leaf area, chlorophyll a/b ratio, high leaf mass per leaf area unit (LMA), and surface area of mesophyll cell (S_mes) and chloroplasts (S_c) facing intercellular space than NS plants. The difference between leaf thickness of FI and NS leaves was about 28 %...

Leaf development and photosynthetic properties of three tropical tree species with delayed greening

Z. Q. Cai, M. Slot, Z. X. Fan

Photosynthetica 2005, 43(1):91-98 | DOI: 10.1007/s11099-005-1098-3

Leaf developmental patterns were characterized for three tropical tree species with delayed greening. Changes in the pigment contents, photosynthetic capacity, stomata development, photosystem 2 efficiency, rate of energy dissipation, and the activity of partial protective enzymes were followed in developing leaves in an attempt to elucidate the relative importance of various photoprotective mechanisms during leaf ontogeny. Big leaves of Anthocephalus chinensis, a fast-growing light demanding species, expanded following an exponential pattern, while relatively small leaves of two shade-tolerant species Litsea pierrei and Litsea dilleniifolia...

Role of changing environmental parameters in leaf gas exchange of Arbutus unedo L. assessed by field and laboratory measurements

M. Vitale, F. Manes

Photosynthetica 2005, 43(1):99-106 | DOI: 10.1007/s11099-005-0106-y

In the frame of the foreseen climate global changes we analysed the physiological responses of Arbutus unedo L. to the variations of carbon dioxide concentration, leaf temperature, and irradiance by measurements of leaf gas exchange and leaf water potential performed both in field and in the laboratory. Stomatal conductance was not affected by increase of leaf temperature. The growth conditions of potted plants likely made stomata more sensitive to the variation of external parameters than naturally growing plants. The interaction between high CO₂ concentration and temperature involved important down-regulation mechanisms in the metabolic...

Seasonal CO₂-exchange variations of temperate semi-desert grassland in Hungary

J. Balogh, Sz. Fóti, A. Juhász, Sz. Czóbel, Z. Nagy, Z. Tuba

Photosynthetica 2005, 43(1):107-110 | DOI: 10.1007/s11099-005-7110-0

CO₂ exchange components of a temperate semi-desert sand grassland ecosystem in Hungary were measured 21 times in 2000-2001 using a closed IRGA system. Stand CO₂ uptake and release, soil respiration rate (R_s), and micrometeorological values were determined with two types of closed system chambers to investigate the daily courses of gas exchange. The maximum CO₂ uptake and release were -3.240 and 1.903 μmol m^-2 s^-1, respectively, indicating a relatively low carbon sequestration potential. The maximum and the minimum R_s were 1.470 and 0.226 μmol(CO₂)...

Effects of irradiance on photosynthetic characteristics and growth of Mosla chinensis and M. scabra

J. X. Liao, Y. Ge, C. C. Huang, J. Zhang, Q. X. Liu, J. Chang

Photosynthetica 2005, 43(1):111-115 | DOI: 10.1007/s11099-005-1115-6

Photosynthetic and growth characteristics of Mosla chinensis and M. scabra were compared at three irradiances similar to shaded forest understory, forest edge, and open land. At 25 % full ambient irradiance, M. chinensis and M. scabra had similar photosynthetic characteristics, but saturation irradiance, compensation irradiance, and apparent quantum yield of M. chinensis were higher than those of M. scabra at full ambient irradiance and 70 % full ambient irradiance. At the same irradiance treatment, specific leaf area and leaf area ratio of M. chinensis were lower than those of M. scabra. Photon-saturated...

Xanthophyll cycle activity in detached barley leaves senescing under dark and light

M. Špundová, K. Strzałka, J. Nauš

Photosynthetica 2005, 43(1):117-124 | DOI: 10.1007/s11099-005-7124-7

Senescence-induced changes in the xanthophyll cycle activity and chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence parameters were compared in detached barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) leaf segments kept for 6 d in darkness or under continuous " white light" (90 μmol m^-2 s^-1). Before detachment of the leaf segments, the plants were grown at periodic regime [12 h light (90 μmol m^-2 s^-1)/12 h dark]. The de-epoxidation state of the xanthophyll cycle pigments (DEPS) in the leaf samples was determined immediately (the actual DEPS), after 1 h of dark-adaptation (the residual DEPS), and during 14 min of a high-irradiance (HI)...

Increase in photosynthesis of maize hybrids (Zea mays L.) at suboptimal temperature (15 °C) by selection of parental lines on the basis of chlorophyll a fluorescence measurements

J. Kościelniak, F. Janowiak, Z. Kurczych

Photosynthetica 2005, 43(1):125-134 | DOI: 10.1007/s11099-005-5134-0

We tested the usefulness of chlorophyll a fluorescence quenching analysis for the selection of maize parental inbred lines able to produce F₁ hybrids with a high CO₂ assimilation rate during growth at suboptimal temperature. Fifty inbred lines, grown at 15 °C, showed at 6 °C a broad genetic variability regarding the quantum yield of photosynthetic electron transport (Φ_PS2). A decrease of Φ_PS2 in sensitive lines was caused more by reduction of the efficiency of excitation energy capture by open photosystem 2 (PS2) reaction centres (F_v'/F_m') than by a drop in photochemical...

Drought stress influences leaf water content, photosynthesis, and water-use efficiency of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis at three potassium concentrations

J. N. Egilla, F. T. Davies Jr., T. W. Boutton

Photosynthetica 2005, 43(1):135-140 | DOI: 10.1007/s11099-005-5140-2

The influence of drought stress (DS) upon whole-plant water content, water relations, photosynthesis, and water-use efficiency of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis cv. Leprechaun (Hibiscus) plants at three levels of potassium (K) nutritional status were determined after a 21-d gradually imposed DS treatment. Compared to K-deficient plants, adequate K supply improved the leaf water content (LWC) and leaf water relations of Hibiscus by decreasing the Ψ _π, and generally sustained rates of net photosynthesis (P_N) and transpiration (E), and stomatal conductance (g_s), both in DS and non-DS...

Evidence for positive selection in phycoerythrin genes of red algae and cyanobacteria Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus

S. Qin, F. Q. Zhao, C. K. Tseng

Photosynthetica 2005, 43(1):141-146 | DOI: 10.1007/s11099-005-1146-z

Because of the shortage of phycoerythrin (PE) gene sequences from rhodophytes, peBA encoding β- and α -subunits of PE from three species of red algae (Ceramium boydenn, Halymenia sinensis, and Plocamium telfariae) were cloned and sequenced. Different selection forces have affected the evolution of PE lineages. 8.9 % of the codons were subject to positive selection within the PE lineages (excluding high-irradiance adapted Prochlorococcus). More than 40 % of the sites may be under positive selection, and nearly 20 % sites are weakly constraint sites in high-irradiance adapted Prochlorococcus. Sites most likely...

Populations of photosystem 1 units rapidly and slowly reduced by stromal reductants represent photosystem 1α and photosystem 1β complexes: Evidence from irradiance-response curves of P700 photooxidation in intact barley leaves

E. A. Egorova, N. G. Bukhov

Photosynthetica 2005, 43(1):147-151 | DOI: 10.1007/s11099-005-7151-4

Photon-induced absorbance changes at 830 nm (ΔA₈₃₀) related to redox transformations of P700, primary electron donor of photosystem 1 (PS1), were examined in barley leaves treated with diuron and methyl viologen. In such leaves, only soluble reductants localized in chloroplast stroma could serve as electron donors for P700⁺. Δ A₈₃₀ were induced by 1-min irradiation of leaves with "actinic light" (AL, 700±6 nm) of various irradiances. Two exponentially decaying components with half-times of 2.75 (fast component, relative magnitude of 62 % of ΔA₈₃₀) and 11.90 s (slow one, 38 % of ΔA₈₃₀)...

Carbonic anhydrase in relation to higher plants

A. Tiwari, P. Kumar, S. Singh, S. A. Ansari

Photosynthetica 2005, 43(1):1-11 | DOI: 10.1007/s11099-005-1011-0

The review incorporates recent information on carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC: 4.2.1.1) pertaining to types, homology, regulation, purification, in vitro stability, and biological functions with special reference to higher plants. CA, a ubiquitous enzyme in prokaryotes and higher organisms represented by four distinct families, is involved in diverse biological processes, including pH regulation, CO₂ transfer, ion exchange, respiration, and photosynthetic CO₂ fixation. CA from higher plants traces its origin with prokaryotes and exhibits compartmentalization among their organs, tissues, and cellular organelles commensurate with...

Economic analysis of scientific research publishing

Z. Šesták

Photosynthetica 2005, 43(1):12 | DOI: 10.1007/s11099-005-2012-8

Zn-acquisition and its role in growth, photosynthesis, photosynthetic pigments, and biochemical changes in essential monoterpene oil(s) of Pelargonium graveolens

A. Misra, A. K. Srivastava, N. K. Srivastava, A. Khan

Photosynthetica 2005, 43(1):153-155 | DOI: 10.1007/s11099-005-3155-3

Culturing geranium at different doses of Zn from 0-1.0 g m^-3 (Zn₀ to Zn_1.000) revealed that Zn is an antioxidant promoter, apart from its micronutrient essentiality. Zn_0.250 was the critical concentration for maximum content (0.21 %) of total essential monoterpene oil(s). At Zn_0.005-Zn_0.250, net photosynthetic rate, and contents of chlorophyll and essential monoterpene oil(s) were affected. The maximum peroxidase activity was obtained at Zn_0.250, with the production of biomolecule geraniol. We found an oxido-reducible reaction of Zn in the formation of monoterpene essential...

Presence of internal photosynthetic cylinder surrounding the stele in stems of the tribe Salicornieae (Chenopodiaceae) from SW Iberian Peninsula

S. Redondo-Gómez, C. Wharmby, F. J. Moreno, A. De Cires, J. M. Castillo, T. Luque, A. J. Davy, M. E. Figueroa

Photosynthetica 2005, 43(1):157-159 | DOI: 10.1007/s11099-005-7159-9

Fluorescence microscopy and physiological examination revealed the presence of an inner cylinder of active photosynthetic cells located below the endodermis-like layer in stems of four of the six taxa of the tribe Salicornieae (Chenopodiaceae).

V. Braun, G. Neuner: Response of effective quantum yield of photosystem 2 to in situ temperature in three alpine plants. - Photosynthetica 42: 607-613, 2004

Photosynthetica 2005, 43(1):160 | DOI: 10.1007/s11099-005-0160-5