Charles Stacy French 1907-1995

D.C. Fork

Photosynthetica 1995, 33(1):1-6 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022132908865

Plant Responses to High CO₂ Concentration in the Atmosphere

V.C. Saralabai, M. Vivekanandan, R. Suresh Babu

Photosynthetica 1995, 33(1):7-37 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022118909774

The impact of continuous rise in ambient CO₂ concentration (AC) in the atmosphere on different facets of growth of crop plants is assessed. The effects of CO₂ enrichment (EC) on plant growth, C₃ and C₄ photosynthesis, source-sink ratio, partitioning and translocation of metabolites, photosynthetic enzymes, respiratory rate, leaf area index, stomatal conductance (q _s ), transpiration rate, biomass production and water use efficiency are reviewed. The CO₂ fertilization effects are studied in both short-term (open top chambers) and long-term experiments. Long-term experiments...

In situ immunofluorescent localization of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase in mesophyll of C4 dicotyledonous plants

M. Castrillo, P. Aso, M. Longart, A. Vermehren

Photosynthetica 1995, 33(1):39-50 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022190720904

The location of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBPCO) in the leaf mesophyll of some dicotyledonous C4 plants was confirmed by immunofluorescent labelling. The anti-RuBPCO immune serum was obtained by inoculating a rabbit with commercially obtained RuBPCO. Specificity of these antibodies was tested by immunodiffusion, immunoelectrophoresis, and Western blotting. Fresh hand-cuts of leaves from dicotyledonous C4 plants, Amaranthus caudatus, A. dubius, Gomphrena globosa, and Portulaca oleracea, were incubated with the conjugated anti-RuBPCO immune serum and then with a commercial FITC-anti-rabbit IgG conjugate. Nerium...

Clonal differences in the response of dark and light reactions of photosynthesis to elevated atmospheric CO2 in poplar

J. Kalina, R. Ceulemans

Photosynthetica 1995, 33(1):51-61 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022123204974

Two hybrid poplar (Populus) clones (i.e., fast growing clone Beauprè and slow growing clone Robusta) were grown for two years from cuttings at close spacings in open top chambers (OTCs) under ambient (AC) and elevated [EC = AC + 350 µmol(CO2) mol-1] CO2 treatments. For clone Beauprè no down-regulation of photosynthesis was observed. Two years of growing under EC resulted in an increase in quantum yield of photosystem 2 (PS2), steady state irradiance saturated rate of net photosynthesis (P _Nmax), chlorophyll (Chl) content, and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBPC) activity for this clone....

Contribution of the adaxial and abaxial surfaces of olive leaves to photosynthesis

P. Proietti, A. Palliotti

Photosynthetica 1995, 33(1):63-69 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022175221813

Leaves of olive cultivars Frantoio and Maurino were irradiated with different irradiances from above, from below, or simultaneously from both directions to determine the contribution of the abaxial and adaxial leaf surfaces to photosynthesis. In both cultivars, irradiation of both sides of the leaf caused increases in net photosynthetic rate (P _N) and apparent quantum yield compared to irradiating only one surface with the equal photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), but the PPFD needed to saturate P _N decreased. At high and medium PPFD the P _N determined at irradiating both leaf surfaces was...

Effect of Zn deficiency on net photosynthetic rate, 14C partitioning, and oil accumulation in leaves of peppermint

N.K. Srivastava, A. Misra, S. Sharma

Photosynthetica 1995, 33(1):71-79 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022127305883

Changes in growth, CO₂ exchange rate, and distribution of photosynthetically fixed ¹⁴CO2 into the primary photosynthetic metabolic pool (sugars, amino acids and organic acids) and essential oil accumulation were determined in leaves (leaf positions 1-6 from apex) of developing peppermint grown in a solution culture at Zn concentrations of 0 and 0.05 g m-3. There was a significant decrease in ¹⁴C incorporation in total, ethanol-soluble and ethanol-insoluble fractions in Zn deficient plants at all leaf positions. 14C incorporated in essential oil and in sugars were significantly higher in leaf pairs 1 to 3 than in leaf...

Partial decline of Arachis hypogaea L. photosynthesis triggered by drought stress

J.A. Lauriano, P.S. Campos, J.C. Ramalho, F.C. Lidon, M.E. Guedes, M. do Céu Matos

Photosynthetica 1995, 33(1):81-90 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022179322721

Photosynthetic capacity (PC) of three peanut cultivars (Arachis hypogaea L. cvs. 57-422, 73-30, and GC 8-35) decreased during drought stress (decline in relative water content from ca. 95 to 70 %) and recovered two days after rewatering. Mild water stress was not limiting for the total ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activity, since this enzyme activity increased under drought. Photosystem (PS) 2 and PS1 (the latter only in cv. GC 8-35) electron transport activities decreased under drought. The ratio of the variable to maximal chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) decreased mainly in the cv. GC 8-35. All cultivars showed decreases...

Regulation of photochemical efficiency of photosystem 2 in Norway spruce at the beginning of winter and in the following spring

V. Špunda, J. Kalina, M.V. Marek, J. Nauš

Photosynthetica 1995, 33(1):91 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022131406792

Based on the analysis of fluorescence quenching, the nonphotochemical dissipative processes were investigated in Norway spruce needles during acclimation to winter and spring conditions. The maximum nonphotochemical fluorescence quenching (q_Nmax) was reached at lower irradiances in winter (up to 310 µmol m-2 s-1) than in spring (about 1130 µmol m-2 s-1), but its values were nearly the same (q_Nmax = 0.91±0.01) during both winter and spring measurements. In early winter the pronounced initial fluorescence quenching (q0) suggested that nonradiative energy dissipation in the antennae complexes dominated. Significantly...

Photosynthetic capacity and specific leaf mass in twenty woody species of Cerrado vegetation under field conditions

C.H.B.A. Prado, J.A.P.V. De Moraes

Photosynthetica 1995, 33(1):103-112 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022183423630

Photosynthetic capacity on area (P _Nmaxa ) and mass bases (P _Nmaxm ) and specific leaf mass (SLM) were determined in twenty adult woody species of Cerrado under field conditions. The mean values obtained for P _Nmaxa [11.4 µmol(CO2) m-2 s-1], P _Nmaxm [78 µmol(CO2) kg-1 s-1] and SLM (150 g m-2) were compared with mean values found for deciduous and evergreen sclerophyllous species growing also under field conditions. P _Nmaxm and SLM were statistically different among deciduous, Cerrado and evergreen sclerophyllous species. There was a gradual decrease...

Photosynthesis in leaves, fruits, stem and petioles of greenhouse-grown tomato plants

Hui-Lian Xu, L. Gauthier, Y. Desjardins, A. Gosselin

Photosynthetica 1995, 33(1):113-123 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022135507700

Gross photosynthetic capacity (P _G ) of greenhouse-grown tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) decreased as the leaf aged. The P _G of the 10th, 15th and 18th leaves from the top was only 76, 37, and 18 % of P _G of the 5th leaf, respectively. Quantum yield (Y _Q ) and dark respiration rate (R _D ) were also lower in older leaves than in the younger ones. Net photosynthetic rate (P _G ) was apparent in young fruits (about 10 g FM) or young petioles but no P _N...

Non-destructive measurement of dormant bud respiration rates

H.G. McPherson, P.J. Manson, W.P. Snelgar

Photosynthetica 1995, 33(1):125-138 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022187524539

The lack of an indicator of the state of bud development during the dormant period has been a major difficulty in studying the effects of winter chilling on subsequent shoot growth and flowering. We considered that respiration rate (R _D ) might provide such an index, so developed a technique for the non-destructive measurement of the R _D of individual dormant buds of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa). A closed configuration gas exchange system was used. The low R _D of dormant buds required the use of an unusually small system volume. As a consequence, it was necessary...

Canopy structure, vertical radiation profile and photosynthetic function in a Quercus ilex evergreen forest

L. Gratani

Photosynthetica 1995, 33(1):139-149 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022139608609

The studied evergreen forest dominated by Quercus ilex showed a leaf area index (LAI) of 4.5, of which 61 % was accumulated within the tree layer, 30 % within the shrub layer, and 9 % within the herb layer. The leaves of all the species were ± horizontally oriented (41°), absorbing a relevant percentage of incident irradiance. The high LAI drastically modified the quality and quantity of solar radiation on the forest underground. The spectral distribution of the radiation under the forest was markedly deficient in blue and red wavelengths. The maximum absorption in these spectral bands was found in spring, when net photosynthetic rate...