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Gender a výzkum / Gender and Research 2007, 8 (2)
Gender a výzkum / Gender and Research 2007, 8 (2): 1-6 
Political forces dominating the mainstream of the Czech political scene accuse independently living individuals of selfish privatization and extrapolated consumerism. However, the shared household model of living (not in a couple or within own family) extensively spreads among independently living individuals alongside this 'privatization'. The milieu of this specific households, which represent so called 'chosen families' consisting of flat mates and friends in the flat or house rented in group, is along with single occupied households the source of what is described as 'urban tribes'. Precisely these independently living individuals and their specific...
Gender a výzkum / Gender and Research 2007, 8 (2): 7-14
The paper is a review of literature on gender aspects of social movement's protest against globalization. It divides the movements according to gender of participants to grassroots women's movements against globalization, gender-neutral anti-globalization movement and masculine movements that express anti-globalization stance. It focuses specifically on activism against sweatshop labour and its transnational networks, connections, and its positive and negative effects. It analyses the gender aspects of the anti-globalization movement and its relation to feminism and feminist movement. It deals with the problem why it is difficult to incorporate gender...
Gender a výzkum / Gender and Research 2007, 8 (2): 15-26
The article focuses on changes in availability and use of childcare and pre-school facilities after the Second World War in the Czech society during different periods of communist regime and during the post-1989 era. It studies how they are embedded in context of women's participation on the labour market, gender roles, social policies, fertility rates, public debates on care and fears of population decline. Several discourses influencing the availability and use of childcare and pre-school facilities are identified in the history, e.g. 'the women's issue' discourse supporting construction of nurseries since 1950s, 'the children's issue' and 'the population'...
Gender a výzkum / Gender and Research 2007, 8 (2): 27-33
The analysis deals with the discourse on family planning and contraception in the former Czechoslovakia during the 1970s and 1980s. Family planning became a topic at the beginning of the 1970s, nearly 30 years after the legalisation of the liberal abortion law. Induced abortion was introduced without any public discussion and before the introduction and spreading of effective contraception. Family planning was understood mainly as limitation of the family size to desired number of children. Although the timing of conception is also mentioned, in reality it was not possible due to problematic access of young women to effective contraception. Instead...
Gender a výzkum / Gender and Research 2007, 8 (2): 34-42
This text analyses the construction of gender relations in the state-socialist societies, namely the former Czechoslovakia. Main source of findings about these relations are sociological interpretations of 'gender under communism' written predominately for Western audiences after 1989. I propose several theoretical concepts suitable for understanding of the topic, including 'gender order', 'patriarchy', 'communist subject' and 'social organization of masculinity'. On the basis of the texts mentioned above I distinguish between two important processes of the construction of state socialist gender order, which I call 'the unfinished project of women's...
Gender a výzkum / Gender and Research 2007, 8 (2): 43-51
This article focuses on the latter approach, in particular on the occupational gender segregation in relation to the gender segregation in education. The theory of human capital suggests that the increasing level of qualification, talents and productive skills of women acquired in the educational system, training and experience at work, should have a positive impact on quality of women's position in the labour market and enhance gender equality. Given the increasing educational attainment of women over the past decades, one would assume that their position in the labour market, including the gender segregation in occupational categories, has improved...
Gender a výzkum / Gender and Research 2007, 8 (2): 52-59
The paper deals with the relationship between working and private, family and partnership life in the contemporary Czech society. It is based on the main findings from the representative sample survey "Connections between the changes in the labour market and forms of private, family, and partnership life in the Czech society" conducted in the 2005. The aim of this paper is to put these findings into an international context. The comparison of selected European countries is done from the point of the level of conflict experienced between working and private life. These findings are also connected to the family policies and the labour market arrangements...
Gender a výzkum / Gender and Research 2007, 8 (2): 60-67
Work-life balance is a popular topic both in European and gradually also Czech sociology and in European strategies for employment and for dealing with population ageing. The article explores the topic of work-life balance from a theoretical perspective, in the context of contemporary European and world sociology, and from an empirical perspective, on the basis of a representative sociological survey of a population of parents conducted in 2005. The hypothesis of the pressure people experience to combine work and a family and gendered culture (Van der Lippe, Jager, Kops 2006), which puts the Czech Republic in the ranks of not very progressive countries...
Gender a výzkum / Gender and Research 2007, 8 (2): 68-74
Reproductive medicine is one of the most progressive and most popular medicine branches. Its success and rapid development, together with the primacy of biological or genetic ties in the western construction of family is considered the main reason for decreasing popularity of adoption as the way of resolving involuntary childlessness. These assumptions are confronted with empirical findings about Czech population. The respondents of the survey conducted in the Czech households were asked about their preferences in the hypothetical situation of being confronted with physical infertility and about their attitudes towards various ways of solving it. The...
Gender a výzkum / Gender and Research 2007, 8 (2): 75-81
The qualitative research is focused on the population of women who had their first child after thirty (in the case of no influence of medical problems that should lead to their prior childlessness) and observes, with the aid of grounded theory, if the women consider their motherhood delayed and how they define the reasons, which caused their having a child at that age. The following paper summarizes some substantial findings from an actual research. As the research has shown, motherhood after thirty is defined by women as both delayed (they became a mother later, than they had primarily intended) and non-delayed (they had a child when they wanted it)....
Gender a výzkum / Gender and Research 2007, 8 (2): 82-86
Father's involvement in child care and nurture is considered to be one of the ways to erode cultural and social inequalities between genders. This paper aims to answer the question whether in families where fathers contribute to child nurture in the early phases of a child's life gender inequalities are eroded or whether the given status quo is merely modified. The text builds on a qualitative study conducted in 2006 through semi-structured interviews. Their goal was to capture in what ways parents construct their parenting and non-parenting roles, how they form and perceive their parenting and gender identity. In analysing the issue, the text is not...
Gender a výzkum / Gender and Research 2007, 8 (2): 87-95
The article focuses on the media representations of women-politicians and women-candidates during Czech Republic Parliamentary Election in 2006. Using the results of extensive quantitative and qualitative research of the media contents the authors analyse the ways in which journalists report on women in politics and on equal opportunities issues in general. Their analysis starts with the following questions: What form of representations do the media use? How much space do they allocate to women-politicians? Which topics they connect with women participants in the big league politics? They claim that during the 2006 Parliamentary election there was...
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