Biologia Plantarum 63: 511-518, 2019 | DOI: 10.32615/bp.2019.046

Exogenous spermidine enhances expression of Calvin cycle genes andphotosynthetic efficiency in sweet sorghum seedlings under salt stress

A.I. EL SAYED1,*, M.A.M. EL-HAMAHMY2, M.S. RAFUDEEN3, M.K.H. EBRAHIM4,5
2 Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, 41522 Ismailia, Egypt
3 Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, 7701 Rondebosch, South Africa
4 Biology Department, Faculty of applied sciences, Umm Al- Qura University, postal code? Makkah Al-Mukarramah, KSA
5 Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, 31257 Tanta, Egypt

Salinity adversely affects plants resulting in disruption to plant growth and physiology. Previously, it has been shown that these negative effects can be alleviated by various exogenous polyamines. However, the role of spermidine (Spd) in conferring salinity tolerance in sorghum is not well documented. The effect of exogenous Spd on the responses of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) seedlings to salt stress (150 mM NaCl) was investigated by measuring photosynthetic carbon assimilation, Calvin cycle enzyme activities, and the the expression of respective genes. Application of 0.25 mM Spd alleviated the negative effects of salt stress on efficiency of photosystem II and CO2 assimilation and increased the activities of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) and aldolase. Salt stress significantly lowered the transcriptions of genes encoding Rubisco large subunit, Rubisco small subunit, 3-phosphoglyceric acid kinase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, triose-3-phosphate isomerase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate phosphatase, and sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase. However, transcriptions of genes encoding phosphoribokinase and Rubisco were up-regulated. The Spd application enhanced expressions of most of these genes. It appears Spd conferred salinity tolerance to sweet sorghum seedlings by enhancing photosynthetic efficiency through regulation of gene expressions and activities of key CO2 assimilation enzymes.

Keywords: aldolase, CO2 assimilation rate, NaCl, photosystem II, phylogenetic analysis, Rubisco.

Received: November 18, 2018; Revised: January 21, 2019; Accepted: January 29, 2019; Published online: July 12, 2019Show citation

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SAYED, A.I., EL-HAMAHMY, M.A.M., RAFUDEEN, M.S., & EBRAHIM, M.K.H. (2019). Exogenous spermidine enhances expression of Calvin cycle genes andphotosynthetic efficiency in sweet sorghum seedlings under salt stress. Biologia plantarum, 63, 511-518. doi: 10.32615/bp.2019.046.
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