Study of oxidative and phosphorylative activity in mitochondria from cereal seedlings

F. Plhàk

Biologia plantarum 15:241-249, 1973 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922704

In the present paper the oxidative and phosphorylative activity of mitochondria isolated from rye, wheat, barley and corn seedlings are compared. Mitochondria from the shoots as well as from the roots of rye, wheat and corn oxidized succinate and in the presence of ATP or ADP exhibited the respiratory control which reached the values mostly of about 2. In the presence of ATP or ADP the decrease of inorganic phosphorus was contemporarily remarcable. The P/O ratio reached the values mostly of about 0.8 up to 1.0. The presence of ATP effected in some cases more favorable the respiratory control as well as the P/O ratio in comparison with ADP. With regard...

The production of ethylene by plants determined by means of paper chromatography

F. Plhák, J. Souček

Biologia plantarum 15:250-255, 1973 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922705

Ethylene was collected in methanol solution of mercuric acetate and the addition compound formed was then separated by means of paper chromatography. The spot area and colour intensity after detection were determined using a densitometer. The amount of collected ethylene was calculated from a calibration curve.The ethylene liberated from plant samples was collected during one or two days. During this period the amputation of the whole plant organs did not influence ethylene production. Changes in ethylene production were found after segmentation of the tissue or after the treatment with auxin and Co²⁺ ions.The above-ground parts...

Study of the terminal oxidases in cereal leaves infected with obligate parasites

H. Klusák

Biologia plantarum 15:256-263, 1973 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922706

In wheat leaves infected with yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis West.) and in barley leaves infected with powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis DC.) the effect of respiratory inhibitorsin vivo and terminal oxidases activityin vitro were studied. In the experiments the first leaves of seedlings grown in glasshouse were used. The influence of infection was shown by activation of respiration and terminal oxidases (Fe- and Cu-oxidases), first of all cytochrome oxidase and peroxidase. There might be involved also the increased role of ascorbic acid oxidase and phenolase. Peroxidase activation was found to be much higher in susceptible varieties...

A study of the embryo dormancy of Taxus Baccata L. by Embryo Culture

Marie-Theeèse Le Page-Degivey

Biologia plantarum 15:264-269, 1973 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922707

Mature seeds ofTaxus baccata L. andTaxus baccata L.fastigiata Loudon contain embryos which are both immature and dormant. Embryo cultures were carried out in order to test the relative effciency of gibberellins (GA₃ and GA₄), chilling and leaching. The increase of germination percentages depends on the treatment applied and the tested variety. WithTaxus baccata, the germination of which is very difficult, a double treatment either leaching and gibberellins or leaching and chilling are necessary to obtain a high percentage of germination. Our results are compared with facts already known on mature dormant...

Thin- layer chromatography of auxin in barley cultivar "professor schiemann" infected by powdery mildew

Gabriela VizÁrovÁ

Biologia plantarum 15:270-273, 1973 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922708

Changes in IAA-level during the mildew pathogenesis (Erysiphe graminis f. sp.hordei Marchal) were observed in a resistant barley cultivar "Professor Schiemann" using thin-layer chromatography and biological Avena-test. A decrease in IAA-level occurred on 4th day after the inoculation by parasite, compared with control. On the sixth day, the level of IAA was remarkably increased. During further development, the IAA-level rested, on the whole, without any changes.

Comparison of the mutagenic activity of N-ethyl- N-nitrosourea and N-methyl- N'- nitro- N- nitrosoguanidine inLens esculenta

J. Uhlík

Biologia plantarum 15:274-279, 1973 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922709

Mutagenic activity of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) and of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N--nitrosoguanidine (MNG) in lentil was studied. The highest proportion of segregating progenies with chlorophyll mutants and chimeric plants was 34.8% from the total number of analysed offsprings, ENU being applied in this case in the concentration of 0.005% for 20 h at 18 to 19 °C. When MNG was applied in the concentration of 0.001 % for 10h at 22 to 23 °C the proportion was 5.1%. Progenies segregating two or more chlorophyll mutants originated with ENU only; their relative frequencies varied from 1.4% to 7.1%. The number of different types of mutants or of their combinations...

Plant biomass and net production of anogeissus latifolia Wall. in forests of semiarid zone of rajasthan (India)

L. N. Vyas, R. K. Garg, M. P. S. Ranawat

Biologia plantarum 15:280-285, 1973 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922710

A. latifolia grown in the Borimalan forest block in Prasad range (24°11'N and 73°42' E) exerts clear positive correlations between CBH (circumference breast height)and number of growth rings of bole and branches, tree height, total biomass and leaf area. The net above-ground biomass is 3.95 × 10⁴ kg ha^-1. The average increment in non-photosynthetic (trunk + branch) biomass shows two peaks, the lower peak at 11-16 growth ring period, and the higher one at 34-36 growth ring period. The ratio of leaf dry weight/leaf area is16.3 to 34.8 mg cm^-2, the ratios between shoot net production: leaf weight and...

Androgenesis in vitro in anther cultures of chlorophyll mutants of Nicotiana tabacum

Z. Opatrný

Biologia plantarum 15:286-289, 1973 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922711

The course of androgenesisin vitro was investigated with anther cultures of two chlorophyll mutants of Nicotiana tabacum. A different sensitivity to the hormonal composition of the medium was revealed between the cultures White Seedling and Sulfur; the stimulatory effect of kinetin on the frequency of androgenesis was observed only in White Seedling cultures. In addition to green plants, "aurea" (mutation Sulfur) or "albino" (mutation White Seedling) phenotypes also differentiated in both cultures. The possible causes of variability in the participation of green and mutant forms are discussed.

Book reviews

Z. Šesták, Ingrid Tichá, J. Sahulka, J. Krekule, J. Pospíšilová

Biologia plantarum 15:301-304, 1973 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922715

Water potential - water saturation deficit relationship during dehydration and resaturation of leaves

Jana PospíšilovÁ

Biologia plantarum 15:290-293, 1973 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922712

The relationship between the water potential (Ψ_w) and the water saturation deficit (Δ W_sat) in kale and maize leaf tissue was measured during dehydration and resaturation either of leavesin situ or of cut leaves. The curves relating Ψ_w toΔW_sat were similar in all variants, but at the same values ofΔ W_sat corresponding values of Ψ_w were always lower in leavesin situ than in cut leaves and during dehydration than during resaturation.

The use of aluminium lake of nuclear fast red in plant material succesively with alcian blue

K. Beneš, M. Kamínek

Biologia plantarum 15:294-297, 1973 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922713

The successive staining alcian blue/aluminium lake of nuclear fast red was proved a useful tool for studies on plant root tip. A simple and reliable procedure is given resulting in blue cell walls, almost colourless cytoplasm and red nuclei. Attempts were made to apply spectrophotometry and paper chromatography to overcome the confusions in manufacturers' labelling of the dye and to check the lake formation.

The regulation of glutamate dehydrogenase, nitrite reductase, and nitrate reductase in excised pea roots by nitrite

J. Sahulka

Biologia plantarum 15:298-301, 1973 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922714

Both nitrite reductase and nitrate reductase were induced by nitrite, but there were differences in the time course of induction and in the response to different NO₂^- concentrations between these enzymes. NH₄⁺ depressed the induction of nitrite reductase. NADH₂ dependent glutamate dehydrogenase activity was enhanced by those NO₂-concentrations in the medium at which unmetabolized NO₂^- occurred in the roots. NADPH₂ and NAD+ dependent GDh activities were not affected. In vivo modification and (or) in vivo activation were probably responsible for the increase...