Book reviews

V. Škrdleta, T. Giohner

Biologia plantarum 27:275, 1985 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02879859

Book reviews

T. Gichner, J. Velemínský

Biologia plantarum 27:407, 1985 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02879888

Determination in plant cells

P. F. Wareing, T. Al-Chalabi

Biologia plantarum 27:241-248, 1985 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02879854

The possibility that some of the variation in callus cultures involves epigenetic changes is examined in cultures established from the hypoootyls and roots ofEuphorbia heterophylla. It is shown that the responses of the cultures are affected by the light regimes under which they are grown and that in the dark and under short photoperiods, there are differences between the two types of culture with respect to pigmentation, auxin requirement, capacity to regenerate buds and roots and in certain isozyme patterns, whereas the two cultures are similar from the first passage under continuous light. However, these differences are only maintained for...

Hormonal control of growth and differentiation in conifer tissuesin vitro

C. H. Boenman

Biologia plantarum 27:249-256, 1985 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02879855

The mechanisms by which exogenously applied plant growth regulators act to express those genes that are selectively involved in cell and tissue differentiation are not at all well comprehended. However, the ontogenetic sequences of events that enable receptor or target cells to be activated and to undergo dedifferentiation and redifferentiation, can often be followed experimentally and can lead to a better understanding of the causal relations and control mechanisms in coordinated cell growth and development.Cytokinins, applied either in an agar medium or as high-concentration, short-duration pulses to expiants or as high-concentration, intermittent...

Auxin content and growth patterns in auxin-dependent and auxin-autotrophic plant cell and tissue cultures

D. M. A. Mousdale, Catherine Fidgeon, G. Wilson

Biologia plantarum 27:257, 1985 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02879856

Endogenous concentrations of indol-3-ylacetic acid (IAA) in auxin-autotrophio crown gall tissue cultures are presented in relation to culture growth rate and to tissue IAA levels in auxin-dependent cultures maintained on IAA as auxin source. Cellular levels of synthetic auxins absorbed from culture media were monitored in auxin-dependent cell cultures exhibiting selectivity in growth response to exogenous auxins. The results are used in modelling culture growth patterns and changes in intracellular auxin content.

Localization of cytokinin responses in the mossFunaria hygrometrica

M. Bopp, D. Gerhäuser

Biologia plantarum 27:265-269, 1985 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02879857

In the protonema ofFunaria hygrometrica, predetermined cells run through a period of sensitivity to cytokinins, as part of the morphogenetic system with respect to bud formation. The cytokinin sensitivity is highest immediately after the formation of cells in question. The cells can react if enough hormone is present during the sensitive phase. Kinetin is cleaved very rapidly and at an increasing rate. Most probably the concerned enzyme ("kinetin oxidase") is induced by kinetin. Therefore, cells formed after the beginning of the treatment do not respond by forming buds.

Comparative investigations of IAA metabolism in suspension cultures and plant organs fromBeta vulgaris (sugar beet) andChenopodium album L. (common lamb's quarters)

P. Scharf, G. Günther

Biologia plantarum 27:270-275, 1985 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02879858

Exogenoualy applicated indol-3-ylaeetic acid (IAA) is metabolized mainly to IAA aspartate in intact plants and plant segments and to IAA glucose in suspension cultures fromBeta vulgaris andChenopodium album.Main metabolic product of D-tryptophan is N-malonyltryptophan in both suspension cultures and hypocotyl segments of both species. The turnover rate of L-tryptophan to IAA is comparatively low (0.1 %); inBeta the turnover rate is higher than inChenopodium. In sugar beets phenmedipham leads to a decrease in the IAA. biosynthesis rate in suspension cultures of both plant species. There is, however, an increase in the...

Cytokinin metabolism in autonomous and crown gall tissue cultures

J. W. Einset

Biologia plantarum 27:276-280, 1985 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02879860

When tissues ofCatharanthus roseus A6 crown gall were incubated on medium supplemented with 50 (μM N6-isopentenyladenine (i⁶Ade), endogenous i⁶Ade, N6-isopentenyladenosine (i⁶A) and i⁶A nucleotide (i⁶AXP) increased to. 6, 5 and 12 nmol g^-1, respectively, during 100 h. Whereas i⁶Ade and i⁶AXP increased rapidly during the initial 4 h and then remained relatively constant, the level of i⁶A continued to increase to 25 nmol g^-1 by 16 h and then decreased; Ribosylzeatin (io⁶A) and its nucleotide (io⁶AXP) remained constant...

Hormonal factors stimulating starch accumulation in stem expiants of kale

J. Luštinec, K. Conrad, M. Kamínek, H. Kramell, G. Sembdner

Biologia plantarum 27:281-285, 1985 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02879862

Hormonal factors stimulating starch accumulation were extracted with water from the vascular tissue containing expiants of kale (Brassica oleracea L. var.medullosa cv. Krasa) and fractioned by elution chromatography on a column of polyvinylpyrrolidone. Their activities were compared with those of some known phytohormones and other metabolites using a special bioassay based on protein synthesis-dependent starch accumulation in stem pith expiants free of vascular tissue. The highest relative activities of the hormonal factors compared were as follows: Most active eluate fraction (14.0), cytokinins (8.0), auxins (2.3), ethylene precursor...

Hormonal control of morphogenesis in leaf segments ofCentaurium erythraea

Helena Barešová, T. Herben, M. Kamínek, J. Krekule

Biologia plantarum 27:286-291, 1985 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02879864

Transversally cut leaf segments ofCentaurium erythraea were cultivated on MS medium. Effects of segment polarity, IAA and sucrose concentrations, light and medium volume on morphogenesis were studied. Shoots generally formed at lower (1.3 × 10^-6 mol 1^-1) IAA concentrations than roots and callus (1.1 × 10^-5-3.4 × 10^-5 mol 1^-1). Leaf polarity strongly modified the effect of IAA concentration, shifting organogenesis at the segment base toward decreased IAA concentrations as compared with segment apex. Light, sucrose concentration above 3 % and high medium volume changed IAA dependence of morphogenesis...

Hormonal regulation of reproductive development in higher plants

M. Kh. Chaïlakhyan

Biologia plantarum 27:292-302, 1985 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02879865

The present paper deals with the hormonal regulation of reproductive development,i.e. flowering and sex manifestation. Representation of hormonal regulation of flowering is based on the concept of florigen as a two-component, complementary system of flowering hormones, which consists of gibberellins and anthesins. Data are presented on the effect of extracts of gibberellin- and anthesin-type substances from the leaves of flowering and vegetatively growing plants under non-inductive conditions of day length. Experiments with flowering of plants under the influence of graftings serve as a basis for considering the question about the common nature...

The role of auxin in inductive phenomena

W. P. Jacobs

Biologia plantarum 27:303-309, 1985 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02879866

The current status of our knowledge of auxin effects on floral induction is summarized. The most general effect is inhibition, although the concentration of synthetic auxins added to. plants tends to be too high for us to be certain that the inhibitory effects are truly physiological. Studies of endogenous levels of auxin have focused almost entirely on IAA-like bioassay activity. Chemical identifications of endogenous IAA are needed and feasible. In addition, a search for-other auxins involved in vegetative to floral transitions, their chemical identification, and measurement of their changing levels in the plant are urgently needed.

Auxin in flowering of short-pay and long-dayChenopodium species

J. Krekule, Libuše Pavlová, Dagmar Součková, Ivana Macháčková

Biologia plantarum 27:310-317, 1985 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02879868

The fluctuation of free IAA under 16 h dark period in shoots (receptor organs of photoperiodic induction) and roots of the short-day plant (SDP)Chenopodium rubrum and in shoots of the long-day plant (LDP)Chenopodium murale is very similar. The data reflect the general adjustment of auxin level to day-length rather than changes due to floral induction. However, the shift in phasing of the circadian rhythm of flowering was accompanied by a change in the position of the' troughs' of free IAA levels indicating a possible relationship between the two processes. Periods of higher sensitivity to application of IAA (3. 10^-4M) inhibitory...

In vitro photoinduction of leaf tissue ofStreptocarpus nobilis

J. Simmonds

Biologia plantarum 27:318-324, 1985 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02879869

Leaf expiants from vegetative plants of the short-day plantStreptocarpus nobilis (C. B. Clarke) developed flower budsin vitro when cultured in 8 h photoperiods. Tn non-inductive photoperiods only vegetative buds were formed.In vitro photoinduction was demonstrated by giving the expiants short-day (SD) cycles and then transferring them to non-inductive photoperiods for expression of flowering. On medium containing 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) organogenesis was initiated during the photoinductive treatments. Photoinduction of leaf tissue without adventitious bud development was obtained on medium without BAP. The photoinductive state...

The role of auxin level and sensitivity in floral induction

Th. Gaspar, C. Penel, Claudine Roduit, C. Moncousin, H. Greppin

Biologia plantarum 27:325-329, 1985 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02879870

Flower initiation takes place during a rise of peroxidase activity following a peak of minimum activity which marked the completion of the flowering inductive phase. Since basic isoperoxidases underwent an inverse variation of activity in the course of successive inductive and initiative phases, it was hypothesized that the induction of flowering led to a temporary peak of maximum auxin level in the leaves. Our analyses and available literature data support the view. They also show the different capacity of non-induced and induced material to respond to external auxin application. Since some aspects of the physiological state characterizing induced...

In vivo andin vitro studies of peroxidase and IAA-oxidase activity in relation to floral morphogenesis in 'Trapezond' tobacco

Lidiya Sergeeva, Nina Aksenova, Tat'yana Konstantinova

Biologia plantarum 27:330-333, 1985 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02879872

The decrease of peroxidase (PO) and IAA-oxidase (IAAO) activities in stem bark of intact photoperiodically neutral tobacco plants was shown both in the course of development and in an acropetal direction along the stem as related to flowering regulation. In stem expiantsin vitro, the realisation stage of floral morphogenesis is related to an increase in PO and IAAO. This correlates with low auxin concentrations in the medium as required for floral morphogenesis. The changes in both PO and IAAO are suggested to be in the opposite directions during floral induction and floral morphogenesis.

Rapid interorgan communications in higher plants with special reference to flowering

C. Penel, Th. Gaspae, H. Greppin

Biologia plantarum 27:334-338, 1985 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02879873

Several examples of transmission of rapid signals within plants are described. Most of these signals may be inhibited by pretreating plants with LiCl, with inhibitors of ionic permeability, or with substances interfering with Ca²⁺. Accordingly, they are dependent on ionic changes. LiCl also prevents or delays the onset of flowering in long-day plants. In addition isolated organs or tissues most often do not react to an external stimulus as do similar organs or tissues within an intact plant. All these facts lead to the conclusion that plants are highly integrated organisms. Any change in the ionic equilibrium occurring in one part of these...

The growth of the shoot apical meristem during flower initiation

R. F. Lyndon, N. H. Battey

Biologia plantarum 27:339-349, 1985 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02879875

The vegetative apex grows in an indeterminate, iterative mode. When flowers are formed it changes to determinate, sequential growth. The essential change in growth at the transition to flowering seems to be the decrease in primordium size at initiation, relative to the size of the apex. In the formation of the flower itself there may be a further requirement, that primordia undergo a decrease in absolute size at initiation. Where measured, this decrease is parallelled by a decrease in the size of the stem frustum at initiation. While in the case of the stem frustum this decrease in size has a predictable consequence, the reduced size of internodes...

Growth regulators in changing apical growth at transition to flowering

Frideta Seidlová

Biologia plantarum 27:350-359, 1985 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02879876

Reorganization of growth in the shoot apex ofChenopodium rubrum during transition to flowering is described. Growth and morphogenic changes - a rise in cell division rate, changes in leaf and bud formation and changes in directions of cellular growth - are viewed from the aspect of a possible role of growth hormones in controlling these changes. Growth and morphogenic effects of exogenous growth regulators in the shoot apex ofChenopodium are summarized and their floral effects explained in terms of changing apical growth correlations. New evidence concerning the timing of increased cell division rate and showing the limited requirement...

Apical reactions to gibberellic acid application according to the genotype in Silene armeria

Christiane Besnard-Wibaut, Michèle Noin, T. Cochet

Biologia plantarum 27:360-366, 1985 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02879877

Two selected strains ofSilene armeria L. were used: S_1-2 (GA-line, not induced to flowering by GA₃ in SD of 8 h) and S_2-1 (GA+ line which reacts to GA₃ with flowering in non-inductive photoperiod). Moreover S_1-2 and S_2-1 differ in their critical daylength 14.5 and 8.0 h, respectively. Changes in the mitotic index and DNA content of cells in the various zones of the apical meristem during GA₃ treatment were described. At the start of the experiment, the functioning of the apex was characterized by a predominance of G₁ phase in the two strains. Therefore S_2-1...

Chenopodium rubrum as a model plant for testing the flowering effects of PGRs

J. Ullmann, Frideta Seidlová, J. Krekule, Libuše Pavlova

Biologia plantarum 27:367-372, 1985 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02879878

In short-day plantChenopodium rubrum the photoperiodic requirement for flowering increases from one short day at the age of four days to two or three short days at the age of five to seven days. The photoperiodic requirement decreases again to one short day between the 10th and 12th day of cultivation. This feature, together with endogenous circadian rhythmicity of flowering, enabled us to test the effects of PGRs under different morphogenetic patterns. Representative PGR effects on flowering are quoted.

Organ correlations affecting flowering in relation to phytohormones

E. Miginiac, B. Sotta

Biologia plantarum 27:373-381, 1985 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02879880

The influence of different organs on flowering of photoperiod- or temperature-dependent plants and of neutral plants is described. Special attention is given to the influence of roots which generally inhibit flowering. High or low temperatures applied to the roots ofChenopodium polyspermum, a quantitative short day plant, induce flowering. Vernalizing treatment of roots ofCichorium intybus suppresses the inhibition of flowering arising from the tissues immediately underlying the terminal bud. Other plants such as coniferous trees can flower more intensively if the growth of their roots is reduced. After a short presentation of the very...

Organ correlation in long-day flowering ofPharbitis nil

M. Shinozaki

Biologia plantarum 27:382-385, 1985 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02879882

Pharbitis nil, strain Kidachi and Violet, were grown at 20° C under continuous light in various cases of different sizes, containing the nutrient solution or tap water. Kidachi initiated flowers when seedlings were cultured in small cases containing nutrient solution but did not flower in large cases. The application of NAA, kinetin, ABA or 5-chlorobenzoiec acidvia roots in large cases caused flowering, Floral initiation was always accompanied by the suppression of root elongation. The promotion of root elongation by aeration inhibited flowering. Root cutting inhibited flowering. On the other hand, Kidachi did not flower in tap water...

Root-shoot correlation linked with photoperiodic floral induction inChenopodium rubrum L.

Zuzana Josefusová, Jana Opatrná, Libuše Pavlová

Biologia plantarum 27:386-391, 1985 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02879883

Inhibition of root growth was observed inChenopodium rubrum under photoperiodic conditions inducing flowering. That this inhibition is mediated by the cotyledons was shown directly by the effect of their excision, which changes the responsiveness of the roots to photoperiodic treatment. On the other hand, decapitation did not lead to such an effect. Some evidence is put forward suggesting that changes in IAA may be involved in these correlations. The existence of two different mechanisms of photoperiodic action in flowering and in root growth is proposed to explain these differences.

Chemical control of flowering in the long-day plantLemna gibba G3

C. F. Cleland

Biologia plantarum 27:392-397, 1985 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02879884

Lemna gibba G3 is an ideal system for studying the chemical control of flowering in a photoperiodic plant due to its small size and aquatic growth habit which allow substances to be taken up continuously and rapidly distributed throughout the plant. Each of the known plant growth regulators has been tested onL. gibba G3 and only the gibberellins appear to be important for flowering, although they are not the limiting factor for flowering on short days. Salicylic acid (SA) and ferricyanide will both induce flowering inL. gibba G3 with ferricyanide being most effective on short days where flowering is daylength limited and SA most...

Effect of two-or three-component PGR solution on the flowering of short-day plantChenopodium rubrum

J. Ullmann, J. Krekule, Libuše Pavlová, Zuzana Josefusová, Jana Opatrná, Frideta Seidlová, Dagmar Součková

Biologia plantarum 27:398-401, 1985 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02879886

The effect of GA₃, IAA and kinetin in concentration range from 5.10^-4 to 5. 10^-8M, single or in combination, was tested on the flowering of short-day plant (SDP)Chenopodium rubrum (selection 374). All substances were applied as a droplet (3 (μl) of water solution before the onset of inductive photoperiod which brought about a threshold level of induction. Flowering was enhanced only in the presence of GA₃ and the other two PGR decreased its effective concentration by one or two orders of magnitude. It is likely that the morphogenesis of the apical meristem was directly affected by such treatment....

Effects of growth substances on male and female cone initiation in conifers

K. A. Longman

Biologia plantarum 27:402-407, 1985 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02879887

Current knowledge about effects of exogenous PGR on cone initiation in coniferous trees is briefly reviewed. Long life-cycles, large tree size and great irregularity in coning have imposed severe restraints, but experimental study of reproduction can now be achieved in small plants of some species. In adult, clonal cuttings ofThuja plicata, standard injections of 50-250 (μg GA₃ induce substantial male and female coning, and have been used to test effects of other PGR on cone initiation and development. In thePinaceae, propagation of naturally heavily-coning genotypes has facilitated research on the effects of PGR.

Role of hormones on flower bud formation in thin-layer expiants of tobacco

G. W. M. Barendse, A. F. Ceoes, G. van den Ende, Margaret Bosveld, Tineke Creemers

Biologia plantarum 27:408-412, 1985 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02879889

Flower bud formation was studied in thin-layer tissue expiants of epidermis plus subepidermal cortex from the inflorescence ramifications ofNicotiana tabacum cv. Samsun. With appropriate hormone concentrations of BA and NAA expiants from flowerv and fruitbearing stalks regenerate flower buds only, while those from the internodes of the inflorescence ramifications produce generative as well as vegetative buds. In both types of expiants the number of buds formed depend mainly on the hormone concentrations but, in addition, the age of stalks and internodes from which expiants are taken also affects bud formation. Both ABA and JA inhibit flower...

Substrate specificity of L-tryptophan dehydrogenase and its distribution in plants

M. M. Ebeid, Sultana Dimova, M. Kutáček

Biologia plantarum 27:413-416, 1985 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02879891

L-tryptophan dehydrogenase (TDH) is a newly found enzyme involved in the metabolism of indole compounds in plants. The substrate specificity of TDH was investigated in extracts prepared fromPisum sativum andProsopis juliflora. The enzyme activity was detected in both plants either in the oxidative or the reductive direction. The occurrence of other dehydrogenases specific to amino acids was also investigated in the experimental plants:e. g. glutamate dehydrogenase was found to be 1.7 to 5.0 times more active than TDH, whereas no activity for phenylalanine dehydrogenase was detected. In pea plants activity of alanine dehydrogenase...

Woodward, F. I., Sheehy, J. E.: Principles and Measurements in Environmental Biology

Jana Pospíšilová

Biologia plantarum 27:280, 1985 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02879861

Losick, R.,Shapiro, L. (ed.):MicrobialDevelopment. Cold Spring Harbor Monogr. Series, Monogr. 16

P. Urbánek

Biologia plantarum 27:285, 1985 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02879863

Böhmer, B.: Ratgeber für Pflanzenschutz und Unkrautbekämpfung im Zierpflanzenbau

P. Bartoš

Biologia plantarum 27:309, 1985 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02879867

McIntosh, J. R. (ed.): Statial Organization of Eukaryotic Cells

T. Gichner

Biologia plantarum 27:329, 1985 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02879871

Kozlowski, T. T. (ed.): Flooding and Plant Growth. Physiological Ecology. A Series of Monographs, Texts, and Treatises

Jana Pospíšilová

Biologia plantarum 27:338, 1985 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02879874

Jameson, C. W., Walters, D. B.: Chemistry for Toxicity Testing

J. Velemínský

Biologia plantarum 27:372, 1985 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02879879

Lemon, E. R. (ed.): CO₂ And PLants. The Responses of Plants to Rising Levels of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide. AAAS Selected Symposium 84

J. Čatský

Biologia plantarum 27:381, 1985 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02879881

Walters D. B., Jameson, C. W: (ed.): Health and Safety for Toxicity Testing

T. Gichner

Biologia plantarum 27:397, 1985 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02879885

Collins, A., Downes, C. S., Johnson, R. T. (ed.): DNA Repair and its Inhibition

J. Velemínský

Biologia plantarum 27:412, 1985 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02879890