Changes in vacuolar pH of carrot cells in suspension culture grown under saline conditions

M. Reuveni

Biologia plantarum 35:1, 1993 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921109

The effect of salinity on vacuolar pH was studied in carrot (Daucus carota L.) cells grown in liquid suspension culture either in the absence or presence of 150 mM NaCl. Both vacuolar and cytoplasmic pH were determined by several independent techniques. These techniques were NMR spectrometry, distribution of radioactive probes and spectrophotometric measurement of the absorbance changes of a naturally occurring vacuolar pH indicator. There was no difference in the cytoplasmic pH between cells grown in the presence or the absence of NaCl, but the vacuolar pH of cells grown in the presence of NaCl was higher by 0.38 to 1.05 pH units (depending...

Continuousin vitro multiplication of shoot buds of Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) by intermittent application of growth regulators

I. Kunze, R. Grafe, J. Schiemann

Biologia plantarum 35:11-15, 1993 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921111

A culture system was developed which allows continuous production of adventitious buds. Segments of seedlings germinated on media supplemented with different growth regulator combinations were used as explants. Cultivation was carried out in two phases, which alternate permanently: (I) without and (II) with growth regulators. Thus it was possible to establish meristematic tissue cultures from 5-10% of the seedlings tested. They have produced buds now for over 3 years with multiplication rates of about 1.5 within 5-6 weeks.

Effect of osmolarity and medium composition on callogenesis, caulogenesis and rhizogenesis ofBrassica oleracea L. var.botrytis hypocotyl fragments

J. L. Vandemoortele, J. P. Billard, J. Boucaud, T. Gaspar

Biologia plantarum 35:17-24, 1993 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921113

Callus formation by fragments of cauliflower hypocotyls was favoured by raising culture medium osmolarity above -0.38 MPa. Increase in sucrose concentration while diminishing macronutrients inhibited callus initiation and growth. Root formation by the same material required a low medium osmolarity (-0.19 MPa). Reducing sucrose concentration in the classical Murashige and Skoog rooting culture medium favoured root formation. Adventitious bud formation was also depending upon medium osmolarity besides the need for a cytokinin. Reducing too much the osmotic potential of the medium had an unfavourable effect on bud neoformation. The importance of sucrose...

Embryo sac development during the culture of placenta attached ovules ofMelandrium album

R. Mól

Biologia plantarum 35:25-30, 1993 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921114

Ovules ofMelandrium album, attached to the placentas and containing immature embryo sacs, were culturedin vitro. The embryo sacs developed according to thePolygonum type but about 70% of them degenerated during the culture. Gametophytes of a non-typical structure were found in a few ovules,i.e. there appeared more nuclei or cells as in thePolygonum type and the arrangement of nuclei or cells was not true to type. Several-celled structures observed in some embryo sacs were recognized as gynogenetic embryoids.

Effect of nitrogen salts on nitrate reductase activity and protein contents in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

O. Gašić, M. Popović, V. Lukić, D. Štajner, N. Mimica-Dukić, Z. Hong

Biologia plantarum 35:31, 1993 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921115

The effects of different nitrogen salts on nitrate reductase activity and protein contents were investigated in three Yugoslav cultivars of wheat. The nitrate salts appeared to be a better form of nitrogen than ammonium in respect of the increase of the nitrate reductase activity and root total protein contents, whereas the treatment with ammonium salt resulted in a comparably higher shoot total protein contents. KNO₃ was the best in respect of the level of nitrate reductase activity. Different concentrations of nitrate and ammonium ions in nutrient solution, showed very similar effects on investigated parameters. NS Rana 2 cultivar had...

Growth rate and total nonstructural saccharides content inAlopecurus pratensis L.

J. Gloser

Biologia plantarum 35:37-42, 1993 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921116

Total nonstructural saccharides (TNS) content in young plant ofAlopecurus pratensis was always above 4% of dry matter even at several types of stress treatment (nitrogen deficiency, low irradiance). TNS content was in negative correlation with concentration of total nitrogen in all cases. Positive correlation was found between the TNS content in plants and relative increase in their root growth rate.

Population differentiation inSpartina patens: Water potential components and bulk modulus of elasticity

S. R. Pezeshki, H. S. Choi, R. D. DeLaune

Biologia plantarum 35:43-51, 1993 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921117

Pressure-volume technique was utilized to evaluate salinity response among three populations ofSpartina patens (Ait.) Muhl. from Louisiana Gulf coast marshes. Plants were subjected to salinities of 85 and 425 mol m^-3 for 77 d in a greenhouse. Ψ_w and Ψ_π decreased in all populations in response to increases in salinity. There were 32% decrease in Ψ_sat, 42% decrease in Ψ_tlp in response to salinity changes from 85 to 425 mol m^-3 in the Ferblanc population. Similarly, there were 35% and 41% decrease in Ψ_sat in the Clovelly and Lake Tambour populations,...

Calcium mediated cytokinin action on chlorophyll synthesis in isolated embryo of Scots pine

Z. Lechowski, J. Białczyk

Biologia plantarum 35:53, 1993 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921119

Chlorophyll (Chl) synthesis in isolated Scots pine embryos depended on exogenous application of cytokinin (CK) and Ca²⁺. At a constant benzyladenine (BA) level (4.4×10^-5 M) 10^-4 to 10^-2 M Ca²⁺ concentrations in mineral medium were optimum for Chl biosynthesis under both light and dark. At a zero or very low (10^-6 M) concentration of external Ca²⁺, Chl synthesis was relatively more Ca²⁺-dependent in embryos cultured in darkness than in the light, which suggested that the light: (a) stimulated the transport of Ca²⁺ from external sources to cytosol,...

Activity of thidiazuron inin vitro shoot cultures ofPrunus sp. andMorus alba

B. Borkowska, W. Litwinczuk

Biologia plantarum 35:63, 1993 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921120

Thidiazuron incorporated into MS medium stimulated rosettes formation only in some treatments. This effect was more pronounced in cultures ofMorus alba thanPrunus sp. Mulberry cultures responded to the optimal concentration of thidiazuron (0.2 mg I^-1) not only with shoot formation but also, with growth of large leaves and poor development of callus tissue. In cultures of both investigated genera the shoot elongation was inhibited. Shoots of mulberry cultures growing on proliferation medium supplemented with thidiazuron formed roots, in many cases.

Counteraction of exogenous L-proline with NaCl in salt-sensitive cultivar of rice

D. Roy, N. Basu, A. Bhunia, S. K. Banerjee

Biologia plantarum 35:69, 1993 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921122

The counteraction of exogenous L-proline at different concentrations with salinity (100 mM NaCl at sublethal concentration) were observed on germinating rice. Supplemented 30 mM L-proline was shown to be the most effective; at higher concentration it reduced seedling growth and K⁺/Na⁺ ratio. Thus 30 mM L-proline can alleviate the salinity stress in rice seedlings.

The effect of glucosinolates (mustard oil glycosides) and products of their enzymic degradation on the infectivity of turnip mosaic virus

J. Špak, L. Kolářová, J. Lewis, G. R. Fenwick

Biologia plantarum 35:73, 1993 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921123

The effect of glucosinolates sinigrin, progoitrin, epiprogroitrin, gluconapin, gluconapoleiferin, glucobrassicanapin, glucotropaeolin and gluconasturtiin without and with the glucosinolate-degrading enzyme (myrosinase, EC:3.2.3.1.), on the infectivity of turnip mosaic virus was studied. Little or no effect was observed when the intact glucosinolate (2.5 μmol cm^-3) was added to the suspension of turnip mosaic virus (TuMV, isolate Ruzyně; 0.2 mg cm^-3 in 0.01 M potassium phosphate buffer) at both pH 7 and pH 6. A significant decrease of virus infectivity was, however, observed when 0.25, 1.25 and 2.5 μmol cm^-3 of...

Variation ofHelminthosporium resistance and biochemical and cytological characteristics in somaclonal generations of barley

P. C. Kole, H. S. Chawla

Biologia plantarum 35:81, 1993 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921124

SC₂ and SC₃ progenies of nineteenin vitro regenerated barley plants (SC₁) from resistant calli selected against purified culture filtrate ofHelminthosporium sativum and one parent 'Dissa' genotype were studied for stability of resistance and protein, soluble protein, maltose and saccharose contents. Cytological studies were also carried out on the SC₃ generation. Stability of resistance toHelminthosporium sativum was found in 50% of the somaclonal lines. Significant variation among different somaclonal lines and among different callus lines from which the plants were regenerated were...

The extracellular acidic and basic virus-elicited proteins of cucumber cotyledons

V. Repka, E. Kollerová, M. Slovák

Biologia plantarum 35:87-93, 1993 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921125

Ten major host-encoded pathogenesis-associated proteins have been found in extracts of intercellular sap of cucumber cotyledons infected with tobacco necrosis virus. By native and two-dimensional SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, five major acidic virus-elicited proteins have been identified and classified on the basis of their molecular mass in three groups: group 1 included one protein of 14 kD; group 2, one protein of 28 kD and group 3, three proteins of 37-40 kD. Another five viruselicited proteins were basis, and were again classified in three groups: group 1, included two proteins of 15-16 kD; group 2, two proteins of 22-23 kD; group 3,...

Glucanase, glucan synthase and chitinase activity in barley genotypes susceptible or resistant toErysiphe graminis f.sp.hordei

F. Frič, J. Huttová

Biologia plantarum 35:95, 1993 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921127

In barley genotype susceptible toErysiphe graminis f. sp.hordei 1,3-β-glucan synthase activity in whole leaf extracts was higher in comparison with healthy plants. A positive correlation was found between the activity of 1,3-β-glucan synthase and the degree of barley resistance. On the contrary, the 1,3-β-D-glucanase activity in whole leaves was negatively correlated to host plant resistance. This phenomen is evident only in the early phase of plant pathogen interaction. However, in epidermal cells the 1,3-glucanase activity was not significantly changed after attack and the 1,3-glucan synthase activity was practically...

Effect of the storage conditions on the activity of the potato virus A in ELISA

N. Čeřovská, M. Filigarová

Biologia plantarum 35:103-105, 1993 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921129

We followed the effect of storage conditions on the serological activity of the potato virus A (PVA) in the ELISA test. Storage of the purified PVA in 0.05 M borate buffer, pH 8.3 at -70°C represents the optimum conditions. The activity decreased 40% in comparison to the original activity after four months. Lyophilization of infected leaves or the leaf homogenate in the extraction buffer were found to be the best methods for the storage of the PVA in natural conditions. After 12 months, the activity of PVA decreased to 80% and 50% of the original activity in the case of lyophilized leaves and leaf homogenates, respectively.

Factors influencing the regeneration capacity of oilseed rape and cauliflower in transformation experiments

J. Ovesná, L. Ptáček, Z. Opatrný

Biologia plantarum 35:107, 1993 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921131

The efficiency ofAgrobacterium-based transformation technique in oilseed rape and cauliflower was influenced by cultivar specificity, donor plant age and explant type. Marked differences in demands for plant hormone contents in the regeneration medium were recorded already among different types of nontransformed explants. The highest regeneration capacity was recorded with stem and leaf segments isolated from one-month-old aseptically grown plants. The regeneration was markedly species-dependent. Regeneration of transformed plants from stem segments and thin layers isolated from field-grown oilseed rape plants (at the most 2% of regenerating...

Restriction fragment length polymorphism of chloroplast DNAs in some species of fir (Abies sp.)

A. Kormuťák, A. Szmidt, Xiao-Ru Wang

Biologia plantarum 35:113, 1993 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921132

Restriction fragment analysis of the chloroplast gene psbA was carried out in twelveAbies species native to Asia, Europe and North America using the four restriction enzymes. The pair of Asiatic representatives ofA. koreana andA. veitchii differed profoundly not only from each other but also with respect to the European and Northamerican species. The variation observed within the last mentioned groups of firs was mainly due to the different restriction profiles of the gene inA. alba andA. nordmanniana species of the former region as well as owing to its heterogenous nature in all the four species from North America....

Restriction site polymorphism in rDNA repeat unit ofHordeum vulgare for some restriction endonucleases

J. Kraic, I. Žák

Biologia plantarum 35:121-124, 1993 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921134

Restriction fragment length polymorphism in rDNA repeat unit for eight restriction endonucleases was studied in two genotypes of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Both genotypes contained restriction sites for EcoRI, EcoRV, PvuII and Sau3239I in rDNA repeat unit and contained two different rDNA repeat unit length variants 9.7 kbp and 9.1 kbp.

Resistance to ACNU induced toxicity in transgenic tobacco suspension cultures withada gene transferred fromEscherichia coli

J. Bříza, K. J. Angelis, J. Šatava, I. Babůrek, J. Velemínský

Biologia plantarum 35:125-129, 1993 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921135

The protein coding region of theE. coli DNA repair geneada combined with the CaMV 35S promoter has been transferred to tobacco by means ofAgrobacterium tumefaciens Ti plasmid. In transgenic plants having theada gene in a sense orientation, detectable amounts of O⁶-alkylguanine-DNA-alkyltransferase has been found whereas in non-transformed plants this activity is absent. Cell suspension cultures derived from the former plants showed lower sensitivity to the toxic (growth inhibiting) effects of the bifunctional alkylating agent 1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitroso-3-(aminomethyl-1,3-diazinylo)-methylurea compared with cell...

PSTV infection in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) transformed with PSTV cDNA

J. Matoušek, S. Rakouský, L. Trněná, D. Riesner

Biologia plantarum 35:131, 1993 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921137

Tobacco cv. White Burley was transformed with disarmed expression vector pCB1314 containing dimeric cDNA of potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTV, severe strain) in plus orientation regulated from the mannopine promoter. Amount of PSTV specific (-) and (+) sequences and PSTV circular forms was measured in transformed tobacco stock and compared with PSTV content in untransformed tomato and tobacco grafts. It follows from the results that lower rate of accumulation of PSTV in tobacco as compared with tomato is due to less intensive viroid transportation through the cytoplasm and/or cell to cell moverment, whereas both, viroid replication and processing showed...

Effect of dimethylsulfoxide on methylmethanesulfonate-induced chromosomal aberrations inCrepis capillaris cultivatedin vitro

J. Ipser

Biologia plantarum 35:137-139, 1993 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921138

Methylmethanesulfonate induced chromosomal aberrations in callus culture ofCrepis capillaris. The clastogenic effect was markedly decreased when calli were pretreated with dimethylsulfoxide.

RFLP analyses of severalBrassica representatives

S. Zelenková

Biologia plantarum 35:141-146, 1993 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921139

Molecular variability was determined between, 17Brassica napus cultivars, 8 new selections 4 F₁ hybrids, 5 cultivars ofB. oleracea, B. campestris andB. peruvianum with 4 rDNA probes fromLycopersicon esculentum, 3 probes from a PstI library ofB. oleracea, 3 probes from EcoRI libraries ofB. napus andB. oleracea and the acetolactatsynthase gene fromNicotiana tabacum. Sporadic interspecific and rare intraspecific variability was detected.

Effect of ATP concentration and temperature on firefly luciferase activity

I. Gális, J. Jirásková

Biologia plantarum 35:147-150, 1993 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921140

The dependence of luciferase activity in the homogenate of leaves of transgenic tobacco plants with chimeric firefly luciferase gene on ATP concentration and temperature was studied. The optimum ATP concentration was between 0.625 mM and 2.5 mM. The activity rapidly decreased if the homogenate was kept in 25°C and is completely lost during 30 min.

Quantitative β-glucuronidase assay in transgenic plants

S. Vitha, K. Beneš, M. Michalová, M. Ondřej

Biologia plantarum 35:151-155, 1993 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921141

Several factors influencing reliability of the quantitative fluorimetric β-glucuronidase (GUS) assay in transgenic plant tissue have been investigated. We obtained linear dependence of fluorescence on both the duration of hydrolysis and the extract concentration. The stability of the enzyme in the homogenate was fairly high, the same as the stability of the substrate solution and of the final reaction product. The modification of the extraction/incubation buffer was proposed, resulting in several times higher activity in comparison with original procedure.

Palade, G.E., Alberts, B.M., Spudich, J.A. (ed.): Annual review of cell biology. Volume 8

T. Gichner

Biologia plantarum 35:10, 1993 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921110

Bell, K.R.: Green plants. Their origin and diversity

I. Tichá

Biologia plantarum 35:16, 1993 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921112

O'Connor, M.: Writing successfully in science

I. Tichá

Biologia plantarum 35:52, 1993 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921118

Briggs, W.R., Jones, R.L., Walbot, V. (ed.): Annual review of plant physiology and plant molecular biology. Vol. 42, 1991.

Z. Šesták

Biologia plantarum 35:68, 1993 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921121

Volotovskii, I. D.: Fitokhrom-Regulyatornyi fotoretseptor rastenii. [Phytochrome-Regulatory photoreceptor of plants.]

Z. Šesták

Biologia plantarum 35:94, 1993 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921126

Kohls, G., Kähler, U.: Orchideen im Garten. Verwendung, Pflege und Vermehrung

I. Tichá

Biologia plantarum 35:102, 1993 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921128

Harding, J., Singh, F., Mol, J.N.M. (ed.): Genetics and breeding of ornamental species

T. Gichner

Biologia plantarum 35:106, 1993 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921130

Fineschi, S., Malvolti, M.E., Cannata, F., Hattemer, H.H. (ed.): Biochemical markers in the population genetics of forest trees

S. Chomátová

Biologia plantarum 35:120, 1993 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921133

Munzert, M.: Einführung in das pflanzenbauliche Versuchswesen

V. Novák

Biologia plantarum 35:130, 1993 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921136