Protoplast fusion ofCatharanthus roseus cells by electrofusion of chemically-agglutinated protoplasts

C. Perronnet, J. -C. Chénieux, M. Rideau

Biologia plantarum 36:1-8, 1994 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921259

Mesophyll derived protoplasts ofCatharanthus roseus cv. Little pinkie were fused with protoplasts derived from an habituated cell line ofC. roseus. Polyethylene glycol was used as agglutinating agent while fusions were induced by square pulses. Best results were obtained by fusing protoplasts from primary leaves with those from three-day-old cell cultures. Adding calcium ions considerably enhanced heterofusion rate. Good cell viabilities indicated that this fusion process was not cytotoxic. The heterofusion frequency was up to 10% or more. Most of the heterokaryons were able to regenerate their cell walls and underwent division.

Isolation and culture of suspension-derived protoplasts ofBeta vulgaris L.

A. Majewska-Sawka, H. Nakashima, K. Mori

Biologia plantarum 36:9-13, 1994 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921260

Sugar beet protoplasts (Beta vulgaris L.) were isolated from hypocotyl-derived suspension cells and cultured on modified Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 5 μM naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 2 μM 6-benzyl-aminopurine (BAP). Protoplasts were plated at a density 1.0-1.5×10⁵ cm^-3 and incubated in either liquid medium or in medium solidified by 1.2% agarose, at 25°C in the dark. Comparison of two methods of culture unequivocally showed the second to be superior. Immobilizing the protoplast in agarose proved to be essential for obtaining sustained protoplast division and reproducible colony formation. The...

Effect of paclobutrazol onin vitro formation of potato microtubers and their sprouting after storage

I. Šimko

Biologia plantarum 36:15, 1994 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921262

Paclobutrazol, the gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor, acceleratedin vitro tuber initiation of potato cv. Rema and increased the uniformity of tuberization period. However, the high concentrations (10-1000 mg l^-1) of this retardant, strongly decreased mass and/or number of microtubers. The microtubers were harvested and stored in darkness (22±2°C) for 250 d. After this period both sprouting and growth of sprouts were affected by previous paclobutrazol treatment.

In vitro selection and characterization of a callus line ofVigna radiata resistant to NaCl, KCl and Na₂SO₄

A. Gulati, P. K. Jaiwal

Biologia plantarum 36:21, 1994 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921263

A salt mixture resistant (SMR) cell line ofVigna radiata (L.) Wilczek was isolated by selection on agar solidified PC-L2 medium supplemented with NaCl, KCl and Na₂SO₄ (8∶1∶1) equimolar to 300 mol m^-3 NaCl, a concentration inhibitory to the wild-type non-selected cells (salt mixture sensitive, SMS). This line retained its resistance after subculture for 3 passages (3 months) on normal medium. The SMR line grew significantly better than SMS line at all the levels of salts, though less in saline medium than the SMR on normal medium. The growth of SMR line was significantly higher than that of SMS line...

Changes in protein spectra of transgenic plants carrying differentAgrobacterium tumefaciens C58 T-DNA genes

E. Hlinková, M. Ondřej

Biologia plantarum 36:29, 1994 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921264

A series of binary vector plasmids derived from the T-DNA of theAgrobacterium tumefaciens strain C58, carrying the five plant morphoregulatory genes 1, 2, 4, 5 and 6b in different combinations, was used in the transformation ofNicotiana tabacum leaf discs. Protein patterns of the transgenic tobacco analysed through SDS-PAGE have shown changes in the polypeptides with M_r: ∼120, 60, 55, 43 and 27 kDa (for tobacco with transgene 4); ∼60, 55, 43, 26-25, 21, 18 kDa (for tobacco with transgenes 1, 2 and 5); ∼70, 60, 26, 25, 18 kDa (for tobacco with transgene 5); ∼60, 55, 48, 26, 18 kDa (for tobacco with transgenes...

Cytological relationships of selected species ofPanicum L.

M. A. Hamoud, S. A. Haroun, R. D. MacLeod, A. J. Richards

Biologia plantarum 36:37, 1994 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921265

The cytological investigation of 12 taxa ofPanicum L. revealed that the vast majority of them have the basic number x=9 at different ploidy levels. The basic number x=8 was recorded only in the tetraploid speciesP. maximum with 2n=32. The diploid number 2n=18 was encountered inP. capillare, P. laevifolium, P. antidotale andP. coloratum (2) with 3B-chromosomes recorded in the latter species. The tetraploid chromosome number 2n=36 was found to exist inP. miliaceum, P. miliare, P. coloratum (1) andP. virgatum. The hexaploid number 2n=54 was recorded inP. bulbosum, P. dichotomiflorum andP. esculentum....

Effects of caffeine and ARG7 locus on mutability of UV-treated photoreactivation-deficient mutants ofChlamydomonas reinhardtii

E. Miadoková, S. Podstavková, M. Šimonová, Z. Červenák, D. Vlček

Biologia plantarum 36:47, 1994 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921267

Forward streptomycin-resistant mutations and reverse mutations at the ARG7 locus after UV irradiation were studied in two photoreactivation-deficient mutants ofChlamydomonas reinhardtii, Phrl and Phr2. The mutant Phrl was more mutable than Phr2. Caffeine increased survival and reduced mutation rate of streptomycin-resistant mutations induced in both photoreactivation-deficient strains. Two different alleles of ARG7 locus (arg2 and arg7) were introduced into photoreactivation-deficient mutants. It was found that in the presence of both alleles, the frequency of mutants resistant to streptomycin was reduced. The reduction was more remarkable in...

Alcohol dehydrogenase isoenzymes fromNicotiana tabacum include ADH of bothN. sylvestris andN. tomentosiformis

V. Žárský, S. Chomátová, J. Tupý

Biologia plantarum 36:53-57, 1994 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921268

Electrophoretic separation of seed alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) fromNicotiana tabacum on 12% starch gels at pH 7.8 produced only one band with an apparent R_f of 0.65, which confirmed earlier reports. The same was found with pollen ADH. However, in polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing, seed ADH separated into three distinct bands with apparent pI of 5.33, 5.42 and 5.50. The pI 5.33 isoenzyme was found to be the essential form inN. sylvestris seeds. The analysis of charge properties ofN. tomentosiformis seed ADH showed only one isoenzyme with pI of 5.56. These results present further evidence thatN. tabacum has...

Hormone-like product of vascular tissue stimulating starch accumulation in pith explants of kale and endogenous cytokinins

V. Řeřábek, A. Hájek, J. Luštinec

Biologia plantarum 36:59-64, 1994 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921270

When stem explants of kale (Brassica oleracea L. var.medullosa), containing pith parenchyma and a strip of vascular tissue, were cultured on simple sucrose medium, a hormone-like factor was transported from the vascular tissue to the adjacent pith, where it stimulated accumulation of starch. Similarly, up to a sevenfold increase of starch content in explants could be induced by cytokinins added to the culture medium. The relative stimulatory effect of several cytokinins (5×10^-6 M) and hormone-like product of vascular tissue (HPVT) in a typical experiment were: control (1.0), trans-zeatin (6.7), HPVT (6.2), N⁶-[2-isopentenyl]adenine...

Changes of shikimate pathway in glyphosate tolerant alfalfa cell lines with reduced embryogenic ability

P. Binarová, M. Cvikrová, T. Havlický, J. Eder, J. Plevková

Biologia plantarum 36:65, 1994 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921271

Glyphosate tolerant cell lines were selected from highly embryogenic cell suspension culture ofMedicago sativa L. Resistant cell lines showed significant reduction of embryogenic ability and during long-term culture in the presence of glyphosate gradual loss of this ability was observed. After glyphosate treatment the increased activity of 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase in tolerant cell lines overcame the block in aromatic amino acid synthesis which was observed in control cell lines. Glyphosate caused marked increase in the content of shikimic acid in both control and tolerant cell lines but the accumulation of shikimic acid was...

Effect of NaCl salinity on growth, pigment and mineral element contents, and gas exchange of broad bean and pea plants

A. M Hamada, A. E. El-Enany

Biologia plantarum 36:75-81, 1994 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921273

Increasing salinity of growth medium induced a reduction in growth and transpiration rate. The concentrations of chlorophylls and carotenoids were increased in most cases in broad bean leaves while in pea plants they remained more or less unchanged with the rise of salinization up to 80mM NaCl. Thereabove a significant decrease in these contents was observed. A stimulation of the net photosynthetic rate of pea was observed at the lowest levels of NaCl but at the highest levels inhibitory effect was recorded. In broad bean all salinization levels inhibited photosynthetic activity, but dark respiration of both plant species was stimulated. The content...

Salinity and hormone interactions in affecting growth, transpiration and ionic relations ofPhaseolus vulgaris

M. E. Younis, M. A. Abbas, W. M. Shukry

Biologia plantarum 36:83, 1994 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921274

Addition of either abscisic acid (ABA) or kinetin at 10^-6 M to salinized media (20-120mM NaCl) induced remarkable effects on growth ofPhaseolus vulgaris plants. Whereas ABA inhibited the plant growth and the rate of transpiration, kinetin induced stimulation of both parameters. Moreover, ABA increased proline and phosphorus concentrations in the salinized plants whilst kinetin decreased them.ABA induced stimulation of the transport of K, Ca and Cl from root to shoot, accumulation of K, Na and Cl in root cells and inhibits the transport of Na and accumulation of Ca. Kinetin appeared to inhibit the transport and accumulation of...

Plant responses to water stress: changes in growth, dry matter production, stomatal frequency and leaf anatomy

S. Nautiyal, H. K. Badola, M. Pal, D. S. Negi

Biologia plantarum 36:91, 1994 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921275

The responses of seedlings of three fast growing tree species,Eucalyptus hybrid(E. camaldulensis × E. teriticornis), Casuarina equisetifolia andMelia azedarach, to different levels of soil moisture in controlled glasshouse conditions were compared. The survival percentage, height of plants, number of leaves per plant, number of branches, fresh mass and dry mass of roots, stems, branches and leaves decreased in the three species with increasing water stress. Stomatal frequency and length of stomata inEucalyptus andMelia also decreased with increasing water stress. However, no significant difference was obtained in...

Interrelationships between vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza and rhizosphere microflora in apple replant disease

V. Čatská

Biologia plantarum 36:99-104, 1994 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921276

Phytotoxic micromycetes appear to be responsible for the apple replant disease (ARD). This was suppressed by the inoculation of apple-tree seedlings with some species of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi-Glomus fasciculatum andG. macrocarpum. After the inoculation, growth of apple-tree seedlings improved in dependence on the type of soil, on VAM fungus species and on the ARD appearance. After 12-month cultivation, plant biomass (height, shoot and root dry masses) was markedly increased by inoculation withG. fasciculatum. Similarly, the numbers of colony forming units per unit soil (CFU) of phytotoxic micromycetes and...

Detection of plum pox virus in leaves and aphids by SIBA and DAS-ELISA assays

J. Kotúč, G. Deborre

Biologia plantarum 36:105-110, 1994 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921277

The slot-immunobinding assay (SIBA) was adapted for detection of plum pox virus (PPV) and compared with DAS-ELISA. SIBA was easy to perform and as sensitive as DAS-ELISA in detection of various PPV isolates in herbaceous and woody plants, but not in aphids (Myzus persicae).

Differential susceptibility ofSclerotium cepivorum Berk. to some synthesized visnagin sulfonamide derivates

S. A. Ouf, M. I. A. Ali, I. M. K. Ismal, N. M. M. Shalaby

Biologia plantarum 36:111-119, 1994 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921278

Twenty-five visnagin sulfonamide derivatives were testedin vitro against sclerotial germination, growth and cellulolytic activity ofSclerotium cepivorum Berk. The effectiveness of the derivatives depends on the concentration and the substituent introduced to the title compounds. The introduction of SO₂Cl₂ to C₉ of visnagin induced high toxicity than introducing SO₂NH₂. Compounds with sulfonyl piperidine or sulfonyl morpholine gave small toxicity only at 30 and 75 μg cm^-3. Addition of N-aryl ring to visnagin-9-sulfonamide rendered the title compound to be more toxic....

Purification, characterization and accumulation of three virus-induced cucumber peroxidases

V. Repka, Ľ. Slováková

Biologia plantarum 36:121-132, 1994 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921279

Three anionic peroxidases (EC 1.11.1.7), named Prx1, 2, and 3, which are rapidly accumulated in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L., cv. Laura) reacting hypersensitively to tobacco necrosis virus, were purified to homogeneity. The three enzymes had an isoelectric point about 4.3, and the relative molecular masses of Prx1, 2, and 3 estimated by SDS-PAGE were 40 700, 38 000, and 37 100, respectively. These peroxidases had a similar pH stability, but differed in their specific activity, pH optimum, and thermal stability By Ouchterlony double diffusion tests with antisera raised against the three purified enzymes, close serological relationships have been...

Effect of UV-C on peroxidase isoenzymes in axillary bud cultures ofVitis species differing in fungal resistance toPlasmopara viticola

J. M. Zapata, A. A. Calderón, M. A. Pedreño, R. Muñoz, A. Ros Barceló

Biologia plantarum 36:133, 1994 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921280

The effect of shortwave (250 nm) UV radiation (UV-C) on the level of peroxidase activity and peroxidase isoenzyme patterns in leaves of resistant ([Vitis vinifera x Viris riparia] x Vitis rupestris andVitis rupestris) and susceptible (Vitis vinifera) grapevine species toPlasmopara viticola (downy mildew) was studied. The results show that although UV-C did not produce significant changes in peroxidase activity in susceptible species, and only minor changes in resistant species, treatment with UV-light induces an acidic isoperoxidase (isoperoxidase A₁), capable of oxidising 4-hydroxystilbenes in resistant species....

Differences in chemical composition ofAlysicarpus vaginalis (L.) DC. growing in saline and non-saline habitats

K. R. Chandrashekar, S. Sandhyarani

Biologia plantarum 36:139, 1994 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921281

InAlysicarpus vaginalis (L.) DC. nitrogen, ascorbic acid, proline and epicuticular wax (ECW) contents were higher in the plants growing in the coastal region whereas the protein, soluble sugars and starch contents were lower. The higher contents of proline, nitrogen and ascorbic acid recorded in the plants of the saline habitat are a physiological adaptation to overcome the salt stress. The higher ECW content in the plants of the saline habitat specially in the summer months seems to be an adaptation in these plants to survive in the saline habitat.

Net assimilation rate, relative growth rate and yield of pea genotypes under different NaHCO₃ concentrations

M. Singh, S. Singh

Biologia plantarum 36:145-148, 1994 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921282

The net assimilation rate (NAR), relative growth rate (RGR) and yield were negatively correlated with different exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) levels; maximum reduction in NAR, RGR and yield was observed at 30 ESP. However, the cultivar NDP-2 showed maximum percent reduction in all the characters at 30 ESP as compared to cultivars NDP-7 and Rachna.

The combined effects of acidification stress and kinetin on chlorophyll content, dry matter accumulation and transpiration coefficient inSorghum bicolor plants

M. A. A. Gadallah

Biologia plantarum 36:149, 1994 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921283

Increasing soil acidity (from pH 6.5 to pH 2.0) decreased chlorophyll (Chl)a andb contents, dry matter accumulation by plants and the transpiration coefficient. Chl stability to heat significantly increased with increased soil acidity. The Chla/b ratio was increased significantly at pH 5 and 4 and decreased at pH 3 and 2. SprayingSorghum shoots with kinetin solutions counteracted the above adverse effects on Chl content and dry matter accumulation. Kinetin-treated plants showed a lower transpiration coefficient than the untreated plants.

Purification of the major late M_r 89 000 heat-shock protein from spring barley seedlings

V. Repka

Biologia plantarum 36:155, 1994 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921284

A fast and efficient method for the isolation of major late heat-shock protein (HSP89) from the seedlings of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Fatran) incubated at 40°C for 15 h was described.

Pech, J.C., Latché, A., Balagué, C. (ed.): Cellular and molecular aspects of the plant hormone ethylene. (Current plant science and biotechnology in agriculture, Vol. 16)

I. Macháčková

Biologia plantarum 36:14, 1994 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921261

Jung, H.G., Buxton, D.R., Hatfield, R.D., Ralph, J. (ed.): Forage cell wall structure and digestibility

M. Svobodová, J. Šantrůček

Biologia plantarum 36:46, 1994 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921266

Schmid, G.H., Radunz, A., Gröschel-Stewart, U.: Immunologie und ihre Anwendung in der Biologie

U. Lüttge

Biologia plantarum 36:58, 1994 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921269

Randall, P.J., Delhaize, E., Richards, R.A., Munns, R. (ed.): Genetic aspects of plant mineral nutrition. (Developments in plant and soil sciences. Vol. 50)

L. Nátr

Biologia plantarum 36:74, 1994 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02921272