Development of Water Stress under Increased Atmospheric CO₂ Concentration

J. Pospíšilová, J. Čatský

Biologia plantarum 42:1-24, 1999 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002102405980

The increase in water use efficiency (the ratio of photosynthetic to transpiration rates) is likely to be the commonest positive effect of long-term elevation in CO₂ concentration (CE). This may not necessarily lead to decrease in long-term water use owing to increased leaf area. However, some plant species seem to cope better with drought stress under CE, because increased production of photosynthates might enhance osmotic adjustment and decreased stomatal conductance and transpiration rate under CE enable plants to maintain a higher leaf water potential during drought. In addition, at the same stomatal conductance, internal CO₂...

Detection of Polymorphic DNA and Taxonomic Relationships Among 10 Wild Perennial Soybean Species Using Specific and Arbitrary Nucleotide Primers

N. Taylor-Grant, K.M. Soliman

Biologia plantarum 42:25-37, 1999 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002155022818

Polymorphic DNA in complex genomes of agronomic crops can be detected using specific nucleotide and arbitrary primers and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Nineteen accessions representing 10 species of the wild perennial soybean were evaluated using 4 sets of specific primers and 3 sets of random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPD) primers. The potential of the RAPD assays was further increased by combining two primers in a single PCR. The fragments generated by the two assays discriminated 10 wild species by banding profiles. The size of the amplified DNA fragments ranged from 100 to 2100 base pairs. The resolved PCR products yielded highly characteristic...

Collins, H.A., Edwards, G.S.: Plant Cell Culture

R. Podlipná

Biologia plantarum 42:38, 1999 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002145610040

Sitte, P., Ziegler, H., Ehrendorfer, F., Bresinsky, A.: Lehrbuch der Botanik für Hochschulen

I. Tichá

Biologia plantarum 42:38, 1999 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002197626878

Comparison of Physiology and Anatomy of Seedlings and Regenerants of Sugar Beet

M.R. Rady, Z.A. Ali

Biologia plantarum 42:39-48, 1999 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002107106888

Whole sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L. cv. Ras poly) plants were grown in the greenhouse from the same seed stock used for an in vitro shoot tip culture. In vitro produced sugar beet plants exhibited a high content of chlorophylls a and b, carotene, and total and soluble sugars. On the other hand, total protein content of in vivo plants was higher than that of in vitro plants. No differences were found by SDS-PAGE analysis in the nature and contents of soluble proteins of in vitro propagated plants and greenhouse-grown plants. Surfaces of epidermal cells were larger and palisade and spongy paranchyma tissues were thicker in leaves of regenerants than in...

Effect of Cadmium Ions on Antioxidant Defense System in Sunflower Cotyledons

S.M. Gallego, M.P. Benavides, M.L. Tomaro

Biologia plantarum 42:49-55, 1999 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002159123727

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seeds were germinated and grown in the presence of 50, 100 and 200 µM CdCl₂. The lower concentration (50 µM) of Cd² ions produced slight decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) content and overall increase (except superoxide dismutase) in antioxidant enzyme activities, and in H₂O₂ concentration. Chlorophyll content, lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation were not affected under 50 µM CdCl₂. GSH content was diminished under 100 and 200 µM CdCl₂, and except for superoxide dismutase, which activity remained unaltered, overall decreases...

Khripach, V.L., Zhabinskii, V.N., de Groot, A.E. (ed.): Brassinosteroids: A New Class of Plant Hormones

A. Gaudinová

Biologia plantarum 42:56, 1999 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002149710948

Effect of Calcium and Zinc on Subcellular Distribution, Activity and Thermosensitivity of Superoxide Dismutase in Mnium Affine

K. Christov, N.T. Bakardjieva

Biologia plantarum 42:57-63, 1999 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002111224635

In the leafstem moss Mnium affine two superoxide dismutase (SOD) isoforms were found in chloroplasts and two in mitochondria. Four other isozymes were probably cytosolic and two of them had high activity and thermostability and were very sensitive to H₂O₂. On the other hand, one of the mitochondrial isoenzymes was very sensitive to high temperature. The activity and thermosensitivity of SOD was considerably dependent on calcium and zinc ions. The effect was different for the individual isoforms and related to their subcellular distribution. Calcium ions predominantly activated and stabilized one cytosolic and the mitochondrial...

Lambers, H., Chapin, F.S., III, Pons, T.L.: Plant Physiological Ecology

J. Pospíšilová

Biologia plantarum 42:64, 1999 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002101827787

Role of Organic Acids in Sunflower Tolerance to Heavy Metals

N.E. Saber, A.M. Abdel-Moneim, S.Y. Barakat

Biologia plantarum 42:65-73, 1999 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002115425544

Exposure of Helianthus annuus L. seedlings to Al³⁺, Cd²⁺ or Zn²⁺ resulted in a marked decrease of fresh and dry masses of the shoots and the roots. The increase of Al³⁺, Cd²⁺ or Zn²⁺ uptake was accompanied by a significant decrease of nitrate, phosphorus and K⁺ uptake. There was a significant increase of malic and citric acid contents in the shoots and roots of heavy metal-treated seedlings whereas the change in fumaric acid was insignificant. Al³⁺ and Zn²⁺ alone stimulated excretion of malic and citric acids to the rhizosphere. Addition of high concentrations...

Pemberton, B., Kelly, J.W., Ferare, J.: Production of Pot Roses

F. Šrámek

Biologia plantarum 42:74, 1999 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002153811857

Quantitative and Qualitative Changes in Peroxidase of Cucurbita Pepo Cultivars Stressed with Heavy Metals

N. Tahlil, A. Rada, M. Baaziz, J.L. Morel, M. El Meray, M. El Aatmani

Biologia plantarum 42:75-80, 1999 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002119526453

Seedlings of two cultivars of zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.) Courgette d'Italie (CI) and Courgette d'Alger (CA) were pre-treated with various concentrations of cadmium, copper and zinc for 30 d. High accumulation of heavy metals especially in the roots was showed. Peroxidase activity was affected according to the type of metal added, concentration, and the plant cultivar used. In leaves and roots of the CI control plants peroxidase activities were 50 and 17 % higher than in the CA control plants. Treatment with Cd (5 µg g^-1), Cu (200 µg g^-1), and Zn (500 µg g^-1) increased peroxidase activities in CA...

Mobilization of Reserve Proteins During Early Stages of Seed Germination in Fagopyrum Esculentum

M.K. Rout, N.K. Chrungoo

Biologia plantarum 42:81-87, 1999 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002123627361

Hydrolysis of 13S globulin, the main storage protein in grains of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench), proceeds in at least two phases during germination. The first stage, involving a limited proteolytic cleavage of the protein, is associated with increased activity of proteases having maximum activity at pH 7.6. The second stage, involving further hydrolysis of the partially cleaved protein, starts after 12 h of imbibition. During this phase, activity of proteases increased and activity maximum shifted to pH 5.6. Nevertheless, 13S globulin retains its antigenic identity till the emergence of radicle and plumule. Thus, it may not be the...

Spudich, A.J., Gerhart, J., McKnight, S.L., Schekman, R. (ed.): Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology

T. Gichner

Biologia plantarum 42:88, 1999 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002105928695

Proline Accumulation, Protein Pattern and Photosynthesis in Bacopa Monniera Regenerants Grown under NaCl Stress

G. Ali, P.S. Srivastava, M. Iqbal

Biologia plantarum 42:89-95, 1999 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002127711432

Shoots of Bacopa monniera exhibited 100 % regeneration on Murashige and Skoog medium with 2 % sucrose, 0.2 mg dm^-3 1-naphthaleneacetic acid, 0.5 mg dm^-3 6-benzylaminopurine and 50 mg dm^-3 glutamine. When the medium was supplied with various concentrations (5 - 15 g dm^-3) of sodium chloride, proline content in regenerants was six times higher than in the control. With increasing NaCl concentration photosynthetic rate decreased and fresh mass and root length of regenerants declined. NaCl also induced formation of new proteins.

Kanellis, A.K., Chang, C., Kende, H., Grierson, D.: Biology and Biotechnology of the Plant Hormone Ethylene

I. Macháčková

Biologia plantarum 42:96, 1999 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002158012765

Effect of Salinity on Water Relations, Sodium Accumulation, Chlorophyll Content and Proteolytic Enzymes in a Wild Wheat

M. Del Zoppo, L. Galleschi, A. Onnis, A. Pardossi, F. Saviozzi

Biologia plantarum 42:97-104, 1999 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002179728270

The effect of 50 to 200 mM NaCl on two lines (CP with solid stem and CV with hollow stem) of ×Haynaldoticum sardoum was studied. NaCl significantly reduced root and shoot fresh and dry masses, root length and less markedly shoot length of CP and CV plants. The sodium accumulated in the leaves in relation to the concentration of NaCl and length of the treatment; CP leaves contained twice as much sodium as CV leaves. The leaf chlorophyll a/b ratio was not affected by NaCl. NaCl decreased the leaf water and osmotic potentials. The pressure potential increased due to the increased concentration of dissolved solutes in the leaf, particularly sodium. The...

Salt Tolerance of Solanum tuberosum L. Overexpressing an Heterologous Osmotin-like Protein

D. Evers, S. Overney, P. Simon, H. Greppin, J.F. Hausman

Biologia plantarum 42:105-112, 1999 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002131812340

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Bintje) was transformed with a cDNA clone encoding an osmotin-like protein. Transgenic and non-transgenic in vitro plants were subjected to NaCl for 3 weeks. The shoot and root development was slightly affected by salinity indicating that the salt condition used was a mild stress. The endogenous proline content of the osmotin-like transformed clone only raised slightly as compared to the non-transformed genotype, where a marked increase in proline content could be observed as a result to salt stress. These data provide evidence for the involvement of osmotin-like proteins in the mechanisms of salt tolerance in potato plants.

Changes in Soluble Proteins in Spring Wheat Stressed with Sodium Chloride

M. Ashraf, J.W. O'Leary

Biologia plantarum 42:113-117, 1999 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002183829178

Two newly developed salt-tolerant genotypes of spring wheat, S24 and S36 and their salt-tolerant parents, LU26S (from Pakistan) and Kharchia (from India) along with a salt-sensitive cv. Potohar were grown in full strength Hoagland's nutrient solution with 0 or 125 mM NaCl. At the onset of the booting stage third leaf from top was sampled for protein analysis. Total soluble protein content increased due to salt treatment in all cultivars/lines but this increase was more marked in salt-sensitive cv. Potohar and low in salt-tolerant S24 as compared with the other lines. Patterns of labelled polypeptides in all cultivars/lines were identical; the differences...

Op den Kamp, J.A.F. (ed.): Lipid and Protein Traffic. Pathways and Molecular Mechanisms

N. Wilhelmová

Biologia plantarum 42:118, 1999 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002110129604

Dry Matter and Leaf Structure in Young Wheat Plants as Affected by Cadmium, Lead, and Nickel

G. Kovačević, R. Kastori, L.J. Merkulov

Biologia plantarum 42:119-123, 1999 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002135913249

The effects of 1 mM cadmium, lead and nickel on dry mass, Cd, Pb, and Ni contents, and changes in leaf structure in young wheat plants were studied. In leaves, Cd content was highest, followed by Pb and Ni, in roots Cd content was also highest, but followed by Ni and Pb. Roots accumulated considerably larger amounts of the three heavy metals than leaves. Largest reductions of leaf and root mass were obtained with Cd. Pb and Ni effects were almost equal. Ni excess had a strong negative effect on mesophyll thickness, while Cd mostly reduced the number and size of vascular bundles and vessel diameter. High Pb reduced the diameter of vessels causing their...

Galbally, J., Galbally, E.: Carnation and Pinks for Garden and Greenhouses

F. Šrámek

Biologia plantarum 42:124, 1999 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002162113674

Promotion of Androgenesis in Rice Anther Cultures by Substitution of Sucrose with Maltose and Mannitol

H. Pande, S.S. Bhojwani

Biologia plantarum 42:125-128, 1999 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002187930087

Maltose was four times more effective than sucrose for androgenesis in anther cultures of an indica rice cultivar IR 43. Partial substitution of maltose by mannitol considerably enhanced the regeneration of green plants.

Response of Calamagrostis Arundinacea and C. Epigeios to short- and long-term water stress

E. Kramářová, M. Klemš, B. Klejdus, D. Veselá

Biologia plantarum 42:129-131, 1999 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002140014157

Water relations of two rapidly expanding species in deforested localities, Calamagrostis epigeios and Calamagrostis arundinacea, were compared. After short- or long-term water stress, water content and specific leaf area were more reduced in C. epigeios than in C. arundinacea. After short-term stress, osmotic potential was similar in both species, but after long-term stress, it was much lower in C. epigeios plants. Abscisic acid and proline contents were higher in stressed plants of C. epigeios than in those of C. arundinacea.

Howell, S.H.: Molecular Genetics of Plant Development

I. Macháčková

Biologia plantarum 42:132, 1999 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002114230512

Effect of Elevated CO₂ and Moisture Stress on the Carbon and Nitrogen Contents in Brassica Juncea

D.C. Uprety, B.K. Rabha

Biologia plantarum 42:133-136, 1999 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002192030996

The responses of Brassica juncea cv. Pusa Bold to elevated CO₂ was studied under water stress. Carbon accumulation in leaves, stem and roots was significantly higher at elevated CO₂ concentration. The water stress decreased the carbon content in these plant parts and this adverse effect was reduced by CO₂ enrichment. On the contrary nitrogen content of leaves, stem and roots was significantly reduced at elevated CO₂. Water stress caused reduction in nitrogen content in these plant parts, similar at ambient as well as elevated CO₂ concentration.

Effect of Potassium, and Abscisic and Indole-3-Acetic Acids, on Maize Root Xylem Exudation and Potassium Efflux

I.F. Ionenko, A.A. Zyalalov

Biologia plantarum 42:137-141, 1999 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002137408222

The influence of potassium sulfate, abscisic acid (ABA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) solutions on xylem exudation rate and potassium efflux from the apical cut end of root tips of intact maize (Zea mays L. cv. Dnepropetrovskaya) seedlings was studied. Foliar application of 5 mM K₂SO₄ considerably stimulated the exudation rate. The application of ABA and IAA (1 mM) also induced a high rate of xylem exudation, K⁺ efflux being simultaneously increased.

Arditti, J., Pridgeon, A.M. (ed.): Orchid Biology: Reviews and Perspectives, VII

I. Tichá

Biologia plantarum 42:142, 1999 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002166214583

Responses of Ceriops Roxburghiana to NaCl Stress

A. Rajesh, R. Arumugam, V. Venkatesalu

Biologia plantarum 42:143-148, 1999 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002189425061

Responses of Ceriops roxburghiana Arn. leaves to the sodium chloride, applied at different concentrations (ranging from 100 to 600 mM), has been evaluated. Total amino acid content decreased with increasing NaCl concentration, while the protein content increased significantly up to 400 mM concentration and decreased thereafter. Total sugar content decreased at concentrations beyond 400 mM. Proline and glycine betaine were accumulated with increasing NaCl concentration. Protease and ATPase activities were increased whereas proline oxidase activity were decreased with increasing salinity. Peroxidase and malate dehydrogenase (NADH-MDH) activities did...

Evolution of Ethylene and Methane in Relation to Somatic Embryogenesis in Chickpea

S.K. Guru, R. Chandra, A. Raj, S. Khetrapal, R. Polisetty

Biologia plantarum 42:149-154, 1999 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002141509131

In four genotypes of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) BG 362, BG 372, BG 329 and C235 the relationship between somatic embryogenesis of leaf explants and ethylene and methane evolution was studied. In BG 362, which was more embryogenic than other genotypes, a higher ethylene:methane ratio of 5.8:1 at day one after inoculation in the induction medium and a lower ethylene:methane ratio of 2.89:1 in the maturation medium was found. On the contrary, in BG 372 with the least embryogenic potential, a lower ethylene:methane ratio of 1.7:1 in the induction medium and a higher ethylene:methane ratio of 4:1 in the maturation medium was found. Thus, these ratios...

Induction of Parthenocarpy in Rosa Canina and Diospyros Lotus by the application of growth regulators

A. Kadioglu, F. Atalay

Biologia plantarum 42:155-157, 1999 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002193525969

The effect of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellic acid (GA₃) applications on parthenocarpic fruit set in Rosa canina and Diospyros lotus was investigated. GA₃ induced parthenocarpic fruit set in both plants, but IAA only in D. lotus. Maturation of seedless fruits was earlier than the seeded fruits. GA₃ caused a decrease in the fresh mass and size of both fruits. IAA induced an increase in the fresh mass and size in parthenocarpic fruit of D. lotus.

Pazourek, J., Votrubová, O.: Atlas of Plant Anatomy

I. Tichá

Biologia plantarum 42:158, 1999 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002118331421