Growth and Water Relations of Paulownia fortunei Under Photomixotrophic and Photoautotrophic Conditions

P.S. Sha Valli Khan, T. Kozai, Q.T. Nguyen, C. Kubota, V. Dhawan

Biologia plantarum 46:161-166, 2003 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022844720795

The growth and water relations of Paulownia fortunei in photoautotrophic cultures (nutrient medium lacking sucrose and growth regulator) with CO₂ enrichment (PWAH) or without CO₂ enrichment (PWAL) were compared with those in photomixotrophic shoot (PWC; 30 g dm^-3 sucrose and 0.3 mg dm^-3 N⁶-benzyladenine) and root cultures (PWR; 0.3 mg dm^-3 indole-3-butyric acid). The photoautotrophic and photomixotrophic cultures were incubated under photosynthetic photon flux 125 and 60 μmol m^-2 s^-1, respectively. 100 % sprouting and significantly higher number of shoots...

Extracellular Matrix in Early Stages of Direct Somatic Embryogenesis in Leaves of Drosera spathulata

M. Bobák, J. Šamaj, E. Hlinková, A. Hlavačka, M. Ovečka

Biologia plantarum 46:161-166, 2003 | DOI: 10.1023/B:BIOP.0000022245.64929.8b

Leaves from mature in vitro grown plants of Drosera spathulata Labill. regenerated new plantlets on solid induction medium in light. Especially vascular sheath parenchyma cells located close to basal part of tentacule showed high embryogenic potential. Proembryoids arrising from the tentacule base part were visible by scanning electron microscopy. Their surface cells were linked and covered with thin external, fibrilar network representing an extracellular matrix (ECM). Proembryogenic surface cells were later connected by coarse strands of fibrils. Young protoderm was formed arround globular embryoids and its cells were characterized...

Actin Distribution in Mitotic Apparatus of Somatic Embryo Cells of Norway Spruce

V. Cenklová, P. Binarová, L. Havel

Biologia plantarum 46:167-174, 2003 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022873821703

F-actin distribution was studied in mitotic cells of embryogenic suspension culture of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.]. Actin was present in dividing cells of embryo head during whole mitosis. Transient co-localization of actin microfilaments with preprophase band of microtubules was observed. Weak actin staining occurred with non-kinetochor microtubular fibers in metaphase spindle. F-actin was not localized with kinetochore microtubular fibres in metaphase as well as with shortening kinetochore fibres in late anaphase. On the other hand, abundant actin microfilaments array was formed in the area of late anaphase spindle in equatorial...

CO₂ Dynamics and Growth in Photoautotrophic and Photomixotrophic Apple Cultures

S. Morini, M. Melai

Biologia plantarum 46:167-172, 2003 | DOI: 10.1023/B:BIOP.0000022246.09161.63

The daily dynamics of CO₂ concentration in the culture vessels and the photoautotrophic or photomixotrophic growth capacity of apple (Malus pumila hybrid MM 106 paradisiaca× Northern Spy) cultures were studied. The photoautotrophic cultures were grown on a sugar-free growth medium and submitted (0S+CO₂) or not (0S-CO₂) to periodic injections of exogenous CO₂. The photomixotrophic cultures were grown in the presence of 30 g dm^-3 sucrose, with (30S+CO₂) or without (30S-CO₂) CO₂ enrichment. The photosynthetic photon flux density applied was of 210 ±...

Propagation of Citrus reticulata via in vitro Seed Germination and Shoot Cuttings

A.M. Hassanein, M.M. Azooz

Biologia plantarum 46:173-177, 2003 | DOI: 10.1023/B:BIOP.0000022247.46798.59

Seeds of Citrus reticulata were germinated efficiently when they were sown directly after their extraction from fruits harvested in January, and incubated at constant temperature (25 °C). Seed drying decreased both the percentage of seed germination and the number of seedling per seed. Germination of seeds was better on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.5 mg dm^-3 benzylaminopurine (BAP) than in a soil. Shoot cuttings obtained from germinated seeds were subcultured on B5 medium supplemented with 1 mg dm^-3 BAP, 0.5 mg dm^-3 kinetin (KIN) and 0.5 mg dm^-3 naphthalene acetic acid (NAA),...

Brownish Acidic Protein Induced in Pumpkin Callus by a High Concentration of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

M. Fujita, M.Z. Hossain

Biologia plantarum 46:175-179, 2003 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022877905774

An unknown brownish protein was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and DEAE-cellulose column and hydroxyapatite column chromatographies from pumpkin callus treated with a high concentration of 2,4-D. The apparent molecular mass and isoelectric point of the purified protein were estimated to be 38 kD and 4.6, respectively. The absorption spectra of the protein showed a shoulder at around 280 nm and a sharp peak at 405 nm. In order to determine what the purified protein is, a cDNA library of the callus treated with a high concentration of 2,4-D was immunoscreened with antiserum raised against the purified protein. The obtained positive cDNA clone...

Hindák, F.: Fotografický Atlas Mikroskopických Siníc. [Photographic Atlas of Microscopic Cyanobacteria.]

Z. Šesták

Biologia plantarum 46:178, 2003 | DOI: 10.1023/B:BIOP.0000022298.74176.1e

Antioxidant Enzyme Activities during in vitro Morphogenesis of Gladiolus and the Effect of Application of Antioxidants on Plant Regeneration

S. Dutta Gupta, S. Datta

Biologia plantarum 46:179-183, 2003 | DOI: 10.1023/B:BIOP.0000022248.62869.c7

Activity of antioxidant enzymes was evaluated during somatic embryogenesis and shoot organogenesis from cultured leaf segments of Gladiolus hybridus Hort. The effect of exogenous antioxidants on somatic embryogenesis and shoot organogenesis has also been monitored. Activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) gradually increased during somatic embryogenesis. while activities of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX) decreased. In contrast, increase in CAT and POX activity and a concomitant decrease in SOD activity were noted during shoot organogenesis. Exogenous application of antioxidants such as glutathione (GSH), α-tocopherol and ascorbate (AA)...

Glaser, R.: Biophysics

M. Durchan

Biologia plantarum 46:180, 2003 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022830022612

Micropropagation of Crataeva nurvala

N. Walia, S. Sinha, S.B. Babbar

Biologia plantarum 46:181-185, 2003 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022882006682

A simple protocol for mass multiplication of Crataeva nurvala, a medicinal tree, from seedling-derived explants is described. Six different types of explants (cotyledonary nodes, epicotyl nodes, hypocotyl segments, first pair of leaves, cotyledons, and root segments) developed shoots on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) basal medium or the same supplemented with different concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). Among the explants tested for caulogenic potential, only the epicotyl and cotyledonary nodal explants developed shoots on MS basal medium, while on BAP (0 - 2.0 mg dm^-3) adjuvated media all the explants exhibited caulogenesis....

Baker, A., Graham, I.A. (ed.): Plant Peroxisomes. Biochemistry, Cell Biology and Biotechnical Applications

J. Pospíšilová

Biologia plantarum 46:184, 2003 | DOI: 10.1023/B:BIOP.0000022299.78021.2c

DNA Damage Measured by the Comet Assay in Eight Agronomic Plants

T. Gichner, Z. Patková, J.K. Kim

Biologia plantarum 46:185-188, 2003 | DOI: 10.1023/B:BIOP.0000022249.86426.2a

For most crops growing in polluted areas or treated with agricultural chemicals, no genotoxicity assays are available. We have studied the possibility of using the alkaline protocol of the plant-based molecular assay - the Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis (SCGE) assay (also called Comet assay) as a method for detecting induced DNA damage in 8 agronomic important plants (ordered according to the diameter of the nuclei): sugar beet, alfalfa, tobacco, lentil, maize, potato, hard wheat, and bread wheat. The monofunctional alkylating agent ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) was applied as a model genotoxic agent on young excised leaves of the tested crops for...

Waisel, Y., Eshel, A., Kafkafi, U. (ed.): Plant Roots. The Hidden Half

J. Pospíšilová

Biologia plantarum 46:186, 2003 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022834123521

Responses of Peanut Somatic Embryos to Thidiazuron

M.V. Joshi, N.A. Sahasrabudhe, S. Hazra

Biologia plantarum 46:187-192, 2003 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022886107591

Induction of both somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis in presence of thidiazuron is reported in peanut tissues. However the histological evidence of thidiazuron induced somatic embryogenesis was unclear. Thidiazuron triggered multiple shoot differentiation in the plumule of the embryos. Keeping in view the ability of thidiazuron to induce both organogenesis and embryogenesis in peanut tissues, experiments were conducted to define the pathway of morphogenesis in the plumule of rooted somatic embryos. On exposure to thidiazuron, projections appeared from the plumule. These projections closely resemble the somatic embryos. However histological examination...

Glutamate Oxaloacetic Transaminase and Malate Dehydrogenase Isozymes of Zea mays L. × Tripsacum dactyloides L. Hybrids and Parents

V. Tsanev, R. Vladova, K. Petkolicheva, B. Kraptchev, C. Milanov

Biologia plantarum 46:189-194, 2003 | DOI: 10.1023/B:BIOP.0000022250.16372.0f

Electrophoretic patterns of glutamate oxaloacetic transaminase (Got) and malate dehydrogenase (Mdh) of Zea mays L. × Tripsacum dactyloides L. hybrids and their parents have been compared. The results suggested that Got and Mdh isozymes may be used as markers for genic regions on 5 S and 6 L maize chromosomes and for linkage groups D and L on T. dactyloides chromosomes, syntenic to genic regions on 5 S and 6 L maize chromosomes. The latter have a regulatory effect on fertility and on the apomictic mode of reproduction.

Evaluation of NaCl Tolerance in the Callus Cultures of Suaeda nudiflora Moq.

S. Cherian, M.P. Reddy

Biologia plantarum 46:193-198, 2003 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022838224429

Salt tolerance was studied in the callus cultures of Suaeda nudiflora Moq. a dicotyledonous succulent halophyte. Growth was significantly inhibited at 50, 100, 150 and 200 mM NaCl. Inorganic ions and proline accumulated in response to salinity. Ion accumulation pattern reflected the utilization of Na⁺ as an osmoticum. Na⁺/K⁺ ratio rose steadily as a function of external NaCl concentration. Salt stress enhanced the activity of peroxidase, whereas it decreased activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase.

Nucleotide-Dependent Isomerization of Glutamate Dehydrogenase in Relation to Total RNA Contents of Peanut

G.O. Osuji, W.C. Madu, C. Braithwaite, A. Beyene, P.S. Roberts, A. Bulgin, V. Wright

Biologia plantarum 46:195-202, 2003 | DOI: 10.1023/B:BIOP.0000022251.40891.ae

The physiological function of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) was investigated by treating germinating peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) seeds with nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) solutions in order to alter the isoenzyme distribution patterns. The free nucleosides and nucleotides of the GTP-treated peanut were the highest [8.7 μmol g^-1(f.m.)], and they decreased through the ATP-treated peanut [5.8 μmol g^-1(f.m.)], and CTP-treated peanut [5.5 μmol g^-1(f.m.)], to the UTP-treated peanut [4.1 μmol g^-1(f.m.)]. The combination of 4 NTPs induced 20 % higher content of Pi [173 nmol g^-1(f.m.)]...

Bulblet Formation from Bulbscale Segments of Lilium Using Bioreactor System

M.L. Lian, D. Chakrabarty, K.Y. Paek

Biologia plantarum 46:199-203, 2003 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022890208500

In vitro bulblet formation was studied using solid, liquid and bioreactor culture (immersion and periodic immersion in liquid media using ebb and flood) in order to develop a cost effective method for the mass propagation of Lilium oriental hybrid 'Casablanca'. Although the percent of bulblet formation was higher in solid culture, the increased growth rate and production of large number of bulblets in bioreactor makes it suitable for mass propagation. Four times per day and 15 min of medium supply was optimal for bulblet formation in ebb and flood bioreactor. Bulblet formation was also found to be effective in 16-h photoperiod. It was...

High-Temperature Preconditioning and Thermal Shock Imposition Affects Water Relations, Gas Exchange and Root Hydraulic Conductivity in Tomato

D. Morales, P. Rodríguez, J. Dell'Amico, E. Nicolás, A. Torrecillas, M.J. Sánchez-Blanco

Biologia plantarum 46:203-208, 2003 | DOI: 10.1023/B:BIOP.0000022252.70836.fc

Potted tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Amalia) were submitted to three different treatments: control (C) plants were maintained at day/night temperature of 25/18 °C; preconditioned plants (PS) were submitted to two consecutive periods of 4 d each, of 30/23 and 35/28 °C before being exposed to a heat stress (40/33 °C lasting 4 d) and non-preconditioned (S) plants were maintained in the same conditions as the C plants and exposed to the heat stress. The inhibition of plant growth was observed only in PS plants. Heat stress decreased chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance in both PS and S plants....

Zima, M., Černá, K. (ed.): Ecophysiology of Plant Stress.Proceedings of the 5^th International Conference

J. Čatský

Biologia plantarum 46:204, 2003 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022842425338

Cryopreservation of Embryogenic Culture of Pinus roxburghii

G. Mathur, V.A. Alkutkar, R.S. Nadgauda

Biologia plantarum 46:205-210, 2003 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022894409408

Embryogenic cultures of chir pine (Pinus roxburghii Sarg.) were cryopreserved successfully in liquid nitrogen. It was found that using sorbitol and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as cryoprotectants was essential for the survival of the tissue. Among the different concentrations of the cryoprotectants used, the most effective treatment was observed to be 0.3 M sorbitol and 5 % DMSO. On staining the cryopreserved tissue with fluorescein diacetate, it was observed that only a few meristematic embryo heads survived and resumed growth after a very short initial lag phase. The recovered cultures showed normal regrowth on proliferation medium and, it was...

Indications of Hydraulic Lift by Pinus halepensis and Its Effects on the Water Relations of Neighbour Shrubs

I. Filella, J. Peñuelas

Biologia plantarum 46:209-214, 2003 | DOI: 10.1023/B:BIOP.0000022253.08474.fd

We measured the stable deuterium isotopic composition of xylem sap, the shoot predawn and midday water potentials, and the leaf δ¹³C of Mediterranean shrubs Pistacia lentiscus, Globularia alypum and Rosmarinus officinalis in a south-oriented transect from a large (12 m tall) Aleppo pine tree, Pinus halepensis. We aimed to study the possibility of hydraulic lift from the deep roots of this pine tree to the shallow soil layers and its influence on these neighbour shrubs. These same traits were also studied in several individuals of the shrub Pistacia lentiscus growing with different types of neighbours: just...

Development of Molecular Cytogenetics and Physical Mapping of Ribosomal RNA Genes in Lupinus

B. Naganowska, J. Doležel, W.K. Święcicki

Biologia plantarum 46:211-215, 2003 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022846526246

Identification of individual chromosomes in Lupinus is not possible due to gradient in size and similar morphology. To overcome this problem, molecular cytogenetics was developed for Lupinus. As an initial step in karyotype analysis, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed to determine genomic distribution of rRNA genes in L. hispanicus, L. luteus and L. × hispanicoluteus. It was found that all three diploid species posses two chromosome pairs carrying 18S-5.8S-25S rDNA and one chromosome pair carrying 5S rDNA. The use of probes for rDNA permitted unambiguous identification of three different pairs...

Abaxial and Adaxial Stomatal Density, Stomatal Conductances and Water Status of Bean Primary Leaves as Affected by Paclobutrazol

I. Tari

Biologia plantarum 46:215-220, 2003 | DOI: 10.1023/B:BIOP.0000022254.63487.16

The plant growth retardant, paclobutrazol at 8.5 or 17.0 μM concentrations effectively inhibited the stem elongation and primary leaf expansion of bean seedlings. Although the retardant reduced the relative water content in well-watered plants, the water and pressure potentials remained high in the primary leaves. K⁺, Na⁺, Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺ contents in the primary leaves of the paclobutrazol-treated plants were not significantly different from those in the control. The stomatal density increased on both surfaces but the length of guard cells was not reduced significantly on the adaxial epidermes of the paclobutrazol-treated...

Phenetic Relationship of Rubber Tree Clones

K.O. Omokhafe, J.E. Alika

Biologia plantarum 46:217-222, 2003 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022898510317

Twenty clones of the breeding population of Hevea brasiliensis were evaluated for phenetic diversity. The test-clones included six clones developed in Nigeria, ten Malaysian clones, two clones from Indonesia and a clone from each of Brazil and Sri Lanka. Data collected on fifteen seed characters in 1998 and 1999 were utilized for multivariate analysis. Cluster analysis of data matrix of clonal mean seed characters was conducted to produce principal component axes, dendrograms and Tocher's clusters in 1998, 1999 and the combined data. There was taxonomic isolation of the recent collection from Brazil (IAN 710) from the other clones that are either...

Functioning of the γ-Aminobutyrate Pathway in Wheat Seedlings Affected by Osmotic Stress

I. Bartyzel, K. Pelczar, A. Paszkowski

Biologia plantarum 46:221-225, 2003 | DOI: 10.1023/B:BIOP.0000022255.01125.99

γ-Aminobutyrate (GABA) was the only amino acid out of three amino acid intermediates of GABA shunt that increased significantly after 28 h from the beginning of osmotic stress induced by 20 % polyethylene glycol 6000 in wheat seedlings. At the same time specific activities of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) and GABA aminotransferase (GABA-T) two enzymes of GABA pathway did not change as compared with the control plants. The response of two GABA-T activities (with pyruvate or 2-oxoglutarate as amino acid acceptor) to aminooxyacetate, 3-chloro-L-alanine and p-hydroxymercuribenzoate prompted us to suggest that at least two isoforms of GABA-T...

Coiled Bodies in the Meristematic Cells of the Root of Lupinus luteus L.

B. Wróbel, D.J. Smoliński

Biologia plantarum 46:223-232, 2003 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022850627155

The nature of nucleolar associate bodies in the meristematic cells of the root of Lupinus luteus L. was investigated using immunocytochemical methods, in situ hybridisation with light, confocal, and electron microscopy. The nuclear bodies of lupin proved to be structures containing fibrillarin and coilin, but devoid of rRNA and DNA, like animal coiled bodies (CBs). In lupin cells we have observed the occurrence of small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) in the cytoplasm, in nucleoplasm, CBs and in nucleoli. This type of snRNP localisation pattern is in agreement with recently presented models of the small nuclear RNA cycle.

Luštinec, J., Žárský, V.: Úvod do fyziologie vyšších rostlin. [Introduction to Physiology of Higher Plants.]

J. Čatský

Biologia plantarum 46:226, 2003 | DOI: 10.1023/B:BIOP.0000022300.83242.56

Impact of CO₂ Enrichment and Variable Nitrogen Supplies on Composition and Partitioning of Essential Nutrients of Wheat

Madan Pal, L.S. Rao, A.C. Srivastava, V. Jain, U.K. Sengupta

Biologia plantarum 46:227-231, 2003 | DOI: 10.1023/B:BIOP.0000022256.60122.fc

This study was conducted to determine effects of nitrogen supply (75 and 150 kg(N) ha^-1) and CO₂ enrichment on partitioning of macro and micro nutrients in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. HD-2285). Plants were grown from seedling emergence to maturity inside open top chambers under ambient CO₂ (CA, 350 ± 50 μmol mol^-1) and elevated CO₂ (CE, 600 ± 50 μmol mol^-1). Leaves, stems and roots of the same physiological age were analyzed for carbon, nitrogen, calcium, copper, iron, zinc and manganese content at 40, 60 and 90 d after germination. C, Cu, Mn and Zn content...

Chara tomentosa Antheridial Plasmodesmata at Various Stages of Spermatogenesis

M. Kwiatkowska, K. Popłońska, A. Wojtczak

Biologia plantarum 46:233-238, 2003 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022802711225

Chara tomentosa antheridial plasmodesmata are described during proliferation and spermiogenesis. In antheridial filament cells which are cycling completely synchronously, unplugged plasmodesmata are filled with light cytoplasm. The same plasmodesmata are observed after cessation of mitotic division followed by the onset of synchronous spermiogenesis. Walls separating cells at different cell cycle stages and dividing antheridial filaments into asynchronous domains are plugged with a dense osmophilic substance. Similarly plugged plasmodesmata are present between antheridial cells of different types, e.g., capitular cells and antheridial...

Subcellular Adaptation to Salinity and Irradiance in Dunaliella salina

E. Stoynova-Bakalova, T. Toncheva-Panova

Biologia plantarum 46:233-236, 2003 | DOI: 10.1023/B:BIOP.0000022257.34916.c5

Dunaliella salina V-63 was cultivated in different concentrations of NaCl (0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 3.0, or 4.0 M) and at two irradiances (170 or 220 μmol m^-2s^-1). Concentration-dependent suppression of growth was observed above 1 M NaCl, and elevated salinity induced formation of salt-containing vacuoles. However, the changes in the chloroplast ultrastructure following changes in salinity and irradiance (increase of invaginations and protuberances, numerous grana with low number of thylakoids, less number of starch grains, etc.) appeared to be of primary importance.

Effects of Phytoplasma Infection on Pigments, Chlorophyll-Protein Complex and Photosynthetic Activities in Field Grown Apple Leaves

M. Bertamini, M.S. Grando, N. Nedunchezhian

Biologia plantarum 46:237-242, 2003 | DOI: 10.1023/B:BIOP.0000022258.49957.9a

Changes in contents of pigments, chlorophyll-protein complex, and photosynthetic activities were investigated in field grown apple (Malus pumila Mill.) leaves infected by Apple Proliferation phytoplasma. The contents of chlorophyll a+b (Chl) and carotenoids (Car) markedly decreased in infected leaves. Similar results were also observed for content of total soluble proteins and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase activity. When various photosynthetic activities were followed in isolated thylakoids, phytoplasma infection caused a marked inhibition of whole chain and photosystem 2 (PS2) activity. Smaller inhibition of photosystem 1 (PS1)...

Ammonium Ion, Ethylene, and Abscisic Acid in Polyethylene Glycol-treated Rice Leaves

S.Y. Hsu, Y.T. Hsu, C.H. Kao

Biologia plantarum 46:239-242, 2003 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022854728064

Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-treatment decreased chlorophyll and protein contents and increased NH₄ ⁺ content due to decreased glutamine synthetase activity in detached rice leaves. PEG-treatment also increased abscisic acid (ABA) content and decreased ethylene production. Addition of fluridone, an inhibitor of ABA biosynthesis, reduced ABA content in rice leaves but did not prevent chlorophyll and protein loss in rice leaves induced by PEG. Silver thiosulfate, an inhibitor of ethylene action, was effective in preventing PEG-promoted chlorophyll and protein loss, but had no effect on PEG-induced NH₄ ⁺ accumulation....

Elevated CO₂ Reduces Vessel Diameter and Lignin Deposition in Some Legume Plants Grown in Mini-FACE Rings

L. Sanità di Toppi, A. Fabbri, M.A. Favali, T. Ganino, S. Grassi, A. Raschi

Biologia plantarum 46:243-249, 2003 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022806812134

Studies on stem (and leaf) structure and histology of a semi-natural grassland community, permanently growing in mini-FACE rings under elevated concentrations of atmospheric CO₂ (560 μmol mol^-1) are presented. Histochemical analysis of stem sections from legume plants grown under high CO₂ concentration revealed both a reduction of lignin deposition in spring vascular bundles of Trifolium repens L., and a decrease in size of the xylem vessels in Vicia hybrida L. and Vicia sativa L. Thus, the effects of elevated CO₂ on the stem histology of the species investigated are rather species-specific...

Immunohistological Analysis of Chemically Induced Proteins in Sugar Beet

L. Burketová, K. Štillerová, M. Feltlová, M. Šindelářová

Biologia plantarum 46:243-251, 2003 | DOI: 10.1023/B:BIOP.0000022259.87594.96

Tissue-specific distribution of basic β-1,3-glucanase (Glu2), basic class II chitinase (Ch2), basic class IV chitinase (Ch4), and acidic class III chitinase (SE2) were examined both in leaves and roots of sugar beet treated with salicylic acid (SA), benzothiadiazole (BTH) and glycine betaine. Protein localization was monitored by immunohistological analysis using specific antibodies. BTH, SA as well as glycine betaine induced both Glu2 and chitinase isozymes in leaves and roots of treated plants. The enzymes were accumulated in extracellular space and cell walls. They were mostly deposited in parenchyma cells of leaves and cortex parenchyma and...

High Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Rice Genotypes is Associated with Higher Net Photosynthetic Rate at Lower Rubisco Content

Debabrata Ray, M.S. Sheshshayee, K. Mukhopadhyay, H. Bindumadhava, T.G. Prasad, M. Udaya Kumar

Biologia plantarum 46:251-256, 2003 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022858828972

Contrasting rice genotypes differing in leaf mass ratio (LMR) and leaf nitrogen content were screened. A strong inverse relationship was observed between ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) content and its efficiency estimated as the ratio of net photosynthetic rate (P_N) to Rubisco content. Similarly, an inverse relationship between the specific activity of fully activated Rubisco and its content was observed. This suggests that a down regulation of Rubisco may occur if the efficiency of the enzyme is superior. Genotypes IET 12989 and IET 13567 recorded higher P_N together with lower Rubisco content in comparison...

Sequence Variability of Helper Component Protein of Potato Virus Y Identified by Thermodynamic Methods

J. Škopek, J. Matoušek

Biologia plantarum 46:253-260, 2003 | DOI: 10.1023/B:BIOP.0000022260.95561.1d

An extent of helper component protein (HC-Pro) sequence variability within virus population of single Czech isolate of potato virus Y^NTN (PVY^NTN) Nicola was identified by temperature-gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE) and heteroduplex analysis. HC-Pro region was approximated with 6 pairs of primers derived from Hungarian PVY^NTN isolate (sequence AC M95491). Immunocapture reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to obtain six mixtures of individual overlapping polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products. cDNA libraries were prepared by cloning of purified PCR products in pCR-Script vector and...

Water Relations Only Partly Explain the Distributions of Three Perennial Plant Species in a Semi-arid Environment

F. Domingo, A.J. Brenner, L. Gutiérrez, S.C. Clark, L.D. Incoll, C. Aguilera

Biologia plantarum 46:257-262, 2003 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022810913043

The water relations and stomatal conductances of three perennial plant species, Stipa tenacissima L., Anthyllis cytisoides L., and Retama sphaerocarpa (L.) Boiss., dominant on the upper slopes, mid-slopes and floor of a valley, respectively, in semi-arid south-east Spain, were investigated to test the hypothesis that differences in plant-soil water relations could account for the different distributions of each species in the catena. Diurnal measurements of water potential (Ψ_w), relative water content (RWC) and stomatal conductance (g_s) of leaves were made over one year. Leaf temperature, air humidity,...

Steviol Glycoside Content in Different Organs of Stevia rebaudiana and Its Dynamics during Ontogeny

N.I. Bondarev, M.A. Sukhanova, O.V. Reshetnyak, A.M. Nosov

Biologia plantarum 46:261-264, 2003 | DOI: 10.1023/B:BIOP.0000022261.35259.4f

The contents of three major steviol glycosides (SGs) (stevioside and rebaudiosides A and C) in vegetative and generative organs during ontogeny of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni were analysed with HPLC. Plant organs contained different amounts of the SGs, which declined in the following order: leaves, flowers, stems, seeds, roots. The highest content of the SGs was found in upper young actively growing shoot sections, whereas lower senescent shoot sections exhibited the lowest amount of such compounds. During ontogeny a gradual increase in the SG content was observed in both mature stevia leaves and stems, and this process lasted up to the budding...

Effects of Paclobutrazol on Response of Two Barley Cultivars to Salt Stress

A.D. Özmen, F. Özdemír, I. Türkan

Biologia plantarum 46:263-268, 2003 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022862929881

The seeds of two barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars (a drought resistant cv. Tokak-137/57 and a drought sensitive cv. Erginel-90) were imbibed either in distilled water (control) or in a solution containing 40 mg dm^-3 paclobutrazol (PBZ) and air dried. Seeds were germinated and grown in a glasshouse for 21 d and seedlings were subjected to salt stress by treating them with 100 and 200 mM NaCl for 12 d. The height of shoots was significantly decreased and root length was increased in PBZ-treated plants prior and after NaCl stress for 12 d leading to an increase in root to shoot ratio. Leaf chlorophyll and carotenoid contents in...

Influence of Ultraviolet-B Radiation on Peroxidase Activity of Allium schoenoprasum Leaves

M. Egert, M. Tevini

Biologia plantarum 46:265-267, 2003 | DOI: 10.1023/B:BIOP.0000022262.31314.79

An approximately 7 % difference in biologically effective ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation did not significantly influence leaf length or leaf peroxidase activity of chives (Allium schoenoprasum L.). However, correlation and regression analyses with different climatic parameters revealed that increased UV-B radiation enhanced ascorbate peroxidase activity in chive leaves whereas guaiacol peroxidase was inhibited.

The Relationship between Salinity and Cadmium Stress in Barley

I. Smýkalová, B. Zámečníková

Biologia plantarum 46:269-273, 2003 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022815013951

Distribution of cadmium between roots and shoots of barley was manipulated by the cadmium concentration (0.01 and 0.005 mM Cd²⁺), pH (4.6 and 5.9) as well as treatment duration. The prolongation of treatment increased dry mass and content of cadmium in plants. The cadmium is accumulated mainly in roots. Presence of both, 0.005 mM Cd²⁺ and 100 mM NaCl in medium at pH 5.9 (Cd-NaCl plants) resulted in the most severe growth inhibition of plants, but about one half accumulation of cadmium in roots then in a case of only Cd-treated plants. In the Cd-NaCl plants, the net photosynthetic and transpiration rates were less reduced then...

Effect of Temperature Regimes on Germination of Dimorphic Seeds of Atriplex prostrata

C.T. Carter, L.S. Brown, I.A. Ungar

Biologia plantarum 46:269-272, 2003 | DOI: 10.1023/B:BIOP.0000022263.40723.1d

Dimorphic seeds of Atriplex prostrata were removed from cold dry storage monthly over a one year period to test for fluctuations in seed dormancy and germination rate. For each seed type, four replicates of 25 seeds were exposed to four alternating night/day temperature regimes mimicking seasonal fluctuations in Ohio: 5/15 °C; 5/25 °C; 15/25 °C and 20/35 °C with a corresponding 12-h photoperiod (20 μmol m^-2 s^-1; 400 - 700 nm). We found a significant three-way interaction of seed size, temperature and month for both percent germination and the rate of germination. Large seeds showed the greatest germination at the 20/35...

Jasmonic Acid-Induced Morphological Changes are Reflected in Auxin Metabolism of Beans Grown in vitro

M. Kovač, D. Piskernik, M. Ravnikar

Biologia plantarum 46:273-275, 2003 | DOI: 10.1023/B:BIOP.0000022264.47660.17

Auxins were analysed in roots, stems with apical shoots, and leaves of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Zorin) cultured for three weeks on media supplied with different concentrations of jasmonic acid (JA). Morphology changes induced by applied JA were reflected in tissue-specific changes of auxins.

Water Stress Induced Proline Accumulation in Contrasting Wheat Genotypes as Affected by Calcium and Abscisic Acid

H. Nayyar, D.P. Walia

Biologia plantarum 46:275-279, 2003 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022867030790

Proline accumulation and mobilization in roots of 7-d-old seedlings of wheat genotypes varying in sensitivity towards water stress were compared. Water stress was induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000; osmotic potential -1.5 MPa) in the presence of 0.1 mM abscisic acid (ABA), 1 mM calcium chloride, 0.5 mM verapamil (Ca²⁺ channel blocker), 0.5 mM fluridone (inhibitor of ABA biosynthesis). While both the genotypes did not differ in total proline accumulation, rate of proline accumulation and utilization was higher in tolerant genotype C 306 as compared to susceptible genotype HD 2380. The treatment with ABA and CaCl₂ caused further...

Transgenic Rice Plants Expressing Bacillus subtilis Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase Gene Show Low Herbicide Oxyfluorfen Resistance

S.B. Ha, S.B. Lee, D.E Lee, J.O. Guh, K. Back

Biologia plantarum 46:277-280, 2003 | DOI: 10.1023/B:BIOP.0000022265.66891.73

Transgenic rice plants harbouring Bacillus subtilis protoporphyrinogen oxidase (Protox) gene, which is targeted into plastid, were generated by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation using a rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Dongjin) and their gene integration at T₁ generation by Southern and mRNA expression in T₂ generation by Northern blotting were analyzed. Their herbicide-resistant trait was further confirmed by in vitro leaf segment assay and in planta bioassays such as seed germination assay and measurement of growth inhibition. The herbicide oxyfluorfen resistance in transgenic rice plants was...

Nitrate Reductase in Wheat Plants Grown Under Water Stress and Inoculated with Azospirillum spp.

H.M. El-Komy, M.A. Hamdia, G.K. Abd El-Baki

Biologia plantarum 46:281-287, 2003 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022819114860

The present investigation has been performed to evaluate nitrate reductase (NR) and nitrogenase activities as well as growth and mineral nutrition of wheat plants grown under drought stress and inoculated with different Azospirillum strains (NR^- and NR⁺). Fresh, dry mass and water content decreased with decreasing soil moisture content, which was accompanied with low soluble sugars and soluble protein content and increase in the total amino acids content. Azospirillum inoculation with either bacterial strain (NR^- and NR⁺) significantly increased the above characteristics even at 40 % moisture...

Morphometric Analysis of Chloroplasts of Cotton Leaf and Fruiting Organs

B.R. Bondada, D.M. Oosterhuis

Biologia plantarum 46:281-284, 2003 | DOI: 10.1023/B:BIOP.0000022266.67097.3d

We examined morphological and ultrastructural differences in chloroplasts of cotton leaves and the fruiting organs, bract, and capsule wall to advance our understanding of their commonly observed differences in photosynthetic efficiency. Chloroplasts from leaves were large (7.1 μm long in cross section), lens shaped with a well developed membrane system differentiated into grana and stroma lamellae that occupied the large cross-sectional area (12.3 μm²) of the organelle. A few small plastoglobuli and starch grains were scattered in the stroma region. The bract chloroplasts were correlative of leaf chloroplasts in size (6.8 μm in...

The Fructose Transport Mechanism in Microsomal Membrane Vesicles from Rye Roots

M. Kasai, Y. Iwamatsu, H. Hayashi, S. Sawada

Biologia plantarum 46:285-288, 2003 | DOI: 10.1023/B:BIOP.0000022267.04735.66

In a fructose-containing medium in which rye root-microsomal membrane vesicles had reached the equilibrium of uptake of fructose, the presence of both Mg²⁺ and ATP caused the efflux of fructose from the vesicles. Among nucleotides examined, ATP caused the largest efflux of fructose. The efflux of fructose dependent on Mg²⁺ and ATP was quite insensitive to a protonophore, carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), which actually abolished MgATP-dependent proton accumulation in the vesicles, while it was largely inhibited by vanadate, which inhibits ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABCTs). The Michaelis-Menten constant...

Efficient Haploid Induction in Microspore Suspension Culture of Aesculus hippocastanum and Karyotype Analysis

D. Ćalić, S. Zdravković-Korać, S. Jevremović, M. Guć-Šćekić, Lj. Radojević

Biologia plantarum 46:289-292, 2003 | DOI: 10.1023/B:BIOP.0000022268.34748.d8

Suspension culture was more efficient method for haploid production than anther culture. All analysed androgenic regenerants originating from embryogenic microspores in suspension culture of Aesculus hippocastanum L. had a haploid number of chromosomes (n=20), while 50 % of those derived from anther culture were diploids.

Heavy Metals Induce Lipid Peroxidation and Affect Antioxidants in Wheat Leaves

S.K. Panda, I. Chaudhury, M.H. Khan

Biologia plantarum 46:289-294, 2003 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022871131698

The possible role of Zn and Cr as catalytic inducers of free radicals in wheat leaves was investigated. Treatment of excess heavy metals decreased the chlorophyll and carotenoid content in wheat leaves with the increase in time of excision. A sharp increase in proline accumulation was marked with the increase in metal concentration. Total peroxide content and lipid peroxidation measured as malondialdehyde content showed uniform increase under metal treatment in excised leaves. At almost all concentrations, catalase, guaiacol peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities decreased with a minor increase in the earlier days of excision. Though glutathione...

Production of Doubled Haploids from Androgenic Embryoids and Plantlets of Tobacco

B. Bürün, Ü. Emiroğlu

Biologia plantarum 46:293-295, 2003 | DOI: 10.1023/B:BIOP.0000022269.30902.5c

In four experiments, the chromosome doubling effect of acenaphthene vapour was tested on androgenic embryoids and/or plantlets of tobacco. The maximum rate of plants with doubled chromosome numbers (41.3 % diploids plus 2.7 % tetraploids) was recorded when approx. 100 mg acenaphthene in small and sterilized cheese-cloth bags were hanged for 72 h, into the culture jars (6.0 × 11.5 cm), containing 4 - 6 androgenic plantlets newly transferred from culture tubes. Acenaphthene treatments performed at the earlier stages of culture resulted in lower percentages (from 0.0 to 6.3 %).

Relationship between Soil Nitrate Content and Activities of NADH: and NAD(P)H:Nitrate Reductases in Indian Mustard

A. Ahmad, I. Khan, Y.P. Abrol, M.Z. Abdin

Biologia plantarum 46:295-296, 2003 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022823315768

The pattern of NADH- and NAD(P)H-specific nitrate reductase (NRs) activities in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern. and Coss.) was monitored throughout growth stages. NAD(P)H:NR (EC 1.6.6.2) activity was maximum at early stages of growth (30 days after sowing, DAS), then declined gradually reaching to almost zero at 90 DAS. Contrary to this, NADH:NR (EC 1.6.6.1) activity was low at 30 DAS, then gradually increased till 90 DAS and thereafter, it became constant. The decrease in NAD(P)H:NR activity and increase in the NADH:NR activity were associated with the seasonal decrease in nitrate content in the soil.

Somatic Embryogenesis or Shoot Formation Following High 2,4-D Pulse-Treatment of Mature Embryos of Paspalum scrobiculatum

Vikrant, A. Rashid

Biologia plantarum 46:297-300, 2003 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022875332607

Mature zygotic embryos of Paspalum scrobiculatum L. cv. PSC 1 on MS or N₆ nutrient medium supplemented with various concentrations of 2,4-D (4.5 - 22.5 µM) formed embryogenic callus, which differentiated into somatic embryos within 5 weeks of culture. The somatic embryos after transfer to hormone-free regeneration medium germinated and formed plantlets. Of the two nutrient formulations, N₆ was relatively better than MS for somatic embryogenesis. A culture for 11 d on 100 µM 2,4-D was essential for the establishment of an embryogenic callus. Shorter duration, 4-d or 7-d culture on 2,4-D medium, supported some proliferation...

Amelioration of Pb and Mn Toxicity to Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Glomus intraradices by Maize Root Exudates

R. Malcová, M. Gryndler

Biologia plantarum 46:297-299, 2003 | DOI: 10.1023/B:BIOP.0000022270.46561.0c

The effect of maize root exudates on the toxicity of lead and manganese to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Glomus intraradices was studied in vitro by observation of intraradical hyphae regrowth from colonised root segments. Higher heavy metal (HM) concentrations strongly reduced the hyphal growth, however, the inhibitory effect was to a large extent eliminated by the addition of maize root exudates to the media. However, the capacity of exudates to ameliorate HM toxicity was limited and did not operate when a threshold HM concentration was reached.

Primer Screening and Optimization for RAPD Analysis of Cashew

S. Samal, G.R. Rout, S. Nayak, R.M. Nanda, P.C. Lenka, P. Das

Biologia plantarum 46:301-304, 2003 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022827416677

Primer screening and optimization for random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) was investigated. Among four series (A, B, D and N) of 10-mer primers, A-series performed better amplification of fragments than other series. The maximum amplification fragments was obtained using OPA-02, OPA-03, OPA-09, OPB-06, OPB-10, OPD-03, OPD-05 and OPN-03 primers. The primers OPA-02 and OPN-03 produced maximum number of DNA fragments in Anacardium occidentale cv. H-320. Primers (OPB-08 and OPN-05 performed a least number of amplification fragments. RAPD profile also indicate that some primer did not produce...

Glutamine Synthetase Activity, Relative Water Content and Water Potential in Maize Submitted to Drought

L.O. Medici, A.T. Machado, R.A. Azevedo, C. Pimentel

Biologia plantarum 46:301-304, 2003 | DOI: 10.1023/B:BIOP.0000022271.35778.17

Two maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids, BR 201 and P 6875, were submitted to drought by withholding irrigation at the vegetative or reproductive phases. During water deficit, in both phases, the relative water content (RWC) was higher and leaf water potential (Ψ_w) was lower in the hybrid P 6875 than in the hybrid BR201. This response indicated a better osmotic adjustment capacity of the hybrid P 6875 when compared to BR 201. Glutamine synthetase activity was not affected by drought even at a RWC of 60 % and Ψ_w of -1.2 MPa or during rehydration.

Plant Micropropagation and Callus Induction of Some Annual Salsola Species

B. Stefaniak, A. Woźny, V. Li

Biologia plantarum 46:305-308, 2003 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022879400747

Micropropagated plants of two annual haloxerophytic Asiatic Salsola species (S. pestifer and S. lanata) were obtained from zygotic embryos cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) agar medium supplemented with 0.5 µM benzylamino-purine (BAP) and 0.3 µM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) or with 0.5 µM 6 γ, γ-dimethylallylaminopurine and 0.3 μM IAA. The callus induction from shoot and leaf explants derived from plants propagated in vitro were obtained on MS agar medium with various concentration of auxins and cytokinins. The best medium for growth and proliferation of calluses of both studied species...

Plant Regeneration from Immature Embryo Cultures of Vigna unguiculata

P.-S. Choi, D.-Y. Cho, W.-Y. Soh

Biologia plantarum 46:305-308, 2003 | DOI: 10.1023/B:BIOP.0000022272.39625.59

Mature and immature cotyledon explants of cowpea were cultured on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium supplemented with 0.1 - 2.0 mg dm^-3 benzyladenine (BA). Shoot organogenesis was observed from the minimal greenish calli formed at proximal cutting edges of the immature cotyledon explants after 15 - 20 d of culture. Among whole immature zygotic embryo and seven explant types we tested, single whole cotyledon was suitable for shoot organogenesis. Nearly 67.5 % of the explant types produced adventitious shoots on MS medium containing with 1 mg dm^-3 BA, and the shoot number (10.1) per explant was higher than other explant types. From...

Application of Alcohol Dehydrogenase Loci in Testing F₁ Hybridity of Tomato

M. Markova, Ts. Stoilova, Zh. Danailov

Biologia plantarum 46:309-311, 2003 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022831517586

Expression of alcohol dehydrogenase loci was used to estimate hybridity of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. in 1012 seeds. The banding patterns were obtained by means of vertical block electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels. It was established that qualitative variation of locus Adh-2 can be applied to prove hybridity of F₁ tomato seeds. This genetic marker is indicative for hybrids with fertile maternal line or with position male sterility line and not only for maternal line with pollen male sterility.

Shoot Organogenesis from Immature Zygotic Embryo Cultures of Ginkgo biloba

P.-S. Choi, D.-Y. Cho, W.-Y. Soh

Biologia plantarum 46:309-312, 2003 | DOI: 10.1023/B:BIOP.0000022273.55284.d6

Immature zygotic embryos were cultured on Murashige and Skoog's medium (MS) supplemented with various combinations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), benzyladenine (BA) and zeatin or with various concentrations of 2,4-D alone. The maximum number (8 per embryo) of adventitious buds formed from cotyledons of heart stage embryos cultured on MS medium with 1 mg dm^-3 BA and 0.01 mg dm^-3 NAA. The adventitious buds originated from procambial strands of immature embryo cotyledons and then developed into adventitious bud primordia within 20 d. Adventitious buds transferred to hormone free MS medium...

Stress-Induced Proteins in Parthenium argentatum Leaves

D. Sundar, K.V. Chaitanya, A. Ramachandra Reddy

Biologia plantarum 46:313-316, 2003 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022883501656

We have analyzed the stress-associated proteins in a high-rubber-yielding guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray cv. 11591) leaves. Protein profiles in leaf fractions, resolved by SDS-PAGE and visualized by Coomassie Brilliant Blue staining, were different under various stresses. Changes in 25, 34 and 74 kDa polypeptides were noticed in response to low night temperature treatment while 24, 40, 47 and 81 kDa proteins responded to low irradiance. 23, 50, 75 and 82 kDa proteins were altered in response to drought stress. Certain proteins may play a significant role in the acquisition of tolerance in parenchyma cells of guayule leaves and might be...

Response of Maize and Sorghum to Excess Boron and Salinity

A.M. Ismail

Biologia plantarum 46:313-316, 2003 | DOI: 10.1023/B:BIOP.0000022274.72111.12

The effects of 50 mM NaCl and 5, 10, 15 and 20 mM boron on the rate of germination, growth rate, contents of boron, sodium, potassium and chloride, and membrane permeability in maize (Zea mays L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) were studied. Germination rate, lengths of roots and shoots as well as dry matter production in the two tested plants, decreased with the increasing B concentration in nonsaline conditions, and markedly under salinity. Membrane permeability increased by increasing B concentration only under salinity. Increase in B concentration of sorghum was lower under salinity when compared to nonsaline conditions. Contrary...

Proline Accumulation Induced by Phosphinothricin in Rice Leaves

Y.-C. Tsai, Y.T. Hsu, C.H. Kao

Biologia plantarum 46:317-320, 2003 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022835618494

The effect phosphinothricin (PPT), an inhibitor of glutamine synthetase (GS), on proline accumulation in detached rice leaves was investigated. During 12 h incubation, PPT inhibited GS activity and induced accumulation of NH₄ ⁺, and accumulation of proline in the light but not in darkness. Proline accumulation caused by PPT in the light was related to protein hydrolysis, and increase in the contents of precursors of proline, ornithine and arginine. Abscisic acid accumulation was not required for proline accumulation in PPT-treated rice leaves.

Effects of Juglone on Growth of Muskmelon Seedlings with Respect to Physiological and Anatomical Parameters

I. Terzi, I. Kocaçalişkan, O. Benlioğlu, K. Solak

Biologia plantarum 46:317-319, 2003 | DOI: 10.1023/B:BIOP.0000022275.87770.81

Growth parameters (seedling elongation, fresh and dry masses) and protein content of Cucumis melo were enhanced by juglone (allelochemical occuring in the walnut family) treatment in pregerminative stage but decreased in postgerminative treatment. Catecholase and tyrosinase activities were also increased in both treatments. Xylem vessel radius of stem was enhanced significantly by the pregerminative treatment, whereas it decreased slightly by the postgerminative treatment. However, bundle radius of stem was enhanced by both treatments of juglone. Stomata length and number were not changed significantly. Xylem vessel radius of the stem was affected...

International Conference - "Water-Saving Agriculture and Sustainable Use of Water and Land Resources in Arid and Semiarid Areas" October 26 - 29, 2003. Yangling-Shaanxi-P. R. China

Biologia plantarum 46:321, 2003 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022871114736