Acclimatization of Micropropagated Plants to Ex Vitro Conditions

J. Pospíšilová, I. Tichá, P. Kadleček, D. Haisel, Š. Plzáková

Biologia plantarum 42:481-497, 1999 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002688208758

The special conditions during in vitro culture result in the formation of plantlets of abnormal morphology, anatomy and physiology. After ex vitro transfer, these plantlets might easily be impaired by sudden changes in environmental conditions, and so need a period of acclimatization to correct the abnormalities. This review is focused upon contemporary information on the changes in leaf structure, water relations and photosynthesis during acclimatization of plantlets to ex vitro conditions. It also describes some ways of improving plant survival and for the speeding up of acclimatization.

Nobel, P.S.: Physicochemical & Environmental Plant Physiology

J. Pospíšilová

Biologia plantarum 42:498, 1999 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002660325113

Factors Influencing the Induction and Viability of Somatic Embryos of Quercus Robur L.

M. Endemann, E. Wilhelm

Biologia plantarum 42:499-504, 1999 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002690309666

To induce somatic embryogenesis in Quercus robur L. immature zygotic embryos at different developmental stages were collected in weekly intervals from June until September in three consecutive years from four open pollinated trees at two Vienna sites. Acorns were surface sterilised and cultured firstly on P24 medium with 5μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 0.5 μM 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) or on hormone-free P24 medium and secondly on P24 medium with 0.9 μM BAP. The formation of white-yellow globular structures of somatic embryos started during the fourth week after the induction treatment. High induction frequencies of 30...

Improved Regeneration Efficiency from Mature Embryos of Barley Cultivars

C. Akula, A. Akula, R. Henry

Biologia plantarum 42:505-513, 1999 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002694410575

A reliable protocol for plant regeneration from mature embryo derived calli of nine barley (Hordeum vulgare) cultivars has been developed. The auxins 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, picloram and dicamba proved effective in inducing callus from mature embryos of most of the barley cultivars. The induced primary callus was loose, friable and translucent. It ultimately yielded creamy white and compact callus after 2 - 3 transfers on fresh medium of the same composition. Callus induction and regeneration capacity were highly cultivar dependent. Addition of a high concentration of picloram (4 mg dm^-3) promoted regeneration in 3 cultivars...

S. Procházka, S., Macháčková, I., Krekule, J. Šebánek, J., et al.: Fyziologie rostlin

R. Podlipná

Biologia plantarum 42:514, 1999 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002664410092

Morphogenesis in Helianthus Tuberosus: Genotypic Influence and Increased Totipotency in Previously Regenerated Plants

R. Bianchi, M. Fambrini, C. Pugliesi

Biologia plantarum 42:515-523, 1999 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002698511484

Leaf tissues of 38 genotypes, derived from four accessions, of the hexaploid species Helianthus tuberosus (2n=6x=102) responded to growth regulators (BA, NAA) chiefly by forming callus, while aventitious organogenesis or somatic embryogenesis were induced occasionally. A remarkable regeneration frequency (about 30 %) was achieved only from leaves of genotype HTPI-15. Explants of many regenerated plants of HTPI-15 subjected to a second culture cycle in vitro displayed a high morphogenetic potential (regeneration frequency > 90 %). White globular structures were initiated on the adaxial surface of these leaves without a callus phase....

Lüttge, U.: Physiological Ecology of Tropical Plants

J. Šantrůček

Biologia plantarum 42:524, 1999 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002620627839

Purification and Properties of a Ribonuclease from Cowpea Cotyledons

E. Gomes-Filho, C.R.F.M. Lima, J. Enéas-Filho, F.A.P. Campos, L.A. Gondim, J.T. Prisco

Biologia plantarum 42:525-532, 1999 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002602712392

The isolation and characterisation of cotyledonary ribonucleases (RNase; EC 3.1.27.1), are basic steps to understand the physiology and biochemistry of RNA turnover and mobilisation during seed germination and seedling establishment, as well as how environmental stresses affect them. RNase was isolated and purified 928-fold, to apparent electrophoretic homogeneity from 5-d-old seedlings of Vigna unguiculata. It is a protein with an apparent molecular mass of 16 kDa having three major isoforms. Its optimum pH is 5.8, which decreases to 5.2 in presence of KCl. It has an apparent K_m of 0.80 mg RNA cm^-3 and retains 40 % of...

Sprouting Resistance and Falling Number Values in Introgressive Triticale/T. Monococcum Lines

W. Sodkiewicz

Biologia plantarum 42:533-539, 1999 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002606813301

The aim of this work was to evaluate how the Falling Number (FN) in introgressive triticale lines is influenced by introduced Triticum monococcum genes responsive for mature spikes sprouting resistance (SR). These lines were developed in two independent series (A and B) by incorporating of diploid wheat (T. monococcum) genes in two different strains of hexaploid triticale (LT 176/10 and LT 522/6) using the synthetic allotetraploid T. monococcum/Secale cereale (A^mA^mRR) as a bridging form. In three consecutive vegetation seasons the mature spikes response to artificial wetting was tested to assess SR. FN was...

Sassa, K. (ed.): Environmental Forest Science

M. Matucha

Biologia plantarum 42:540, 1999 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002676811909

Use of Isoenzymes to Differentiate Growth Categories of Pericopsis Mooniana Trees

P.A. Weerasinghe, M.L.M.C. Weerasekera, L.H.J. Van Holm

Biologia plantarum 42:541-547, 1999 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002610914209

Leaf isoenzymes of Pericopsis mooniana from twenty-one trees at forest plantation were evaluated for their use in identification of elite trees among heterogeneous population. Trees were grouped morphologically, before leaf extracts were separated by one-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Isoenzyme analysis were carried out for peroxidase, esterase, alcohol dehydrogenase, formate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, leucine aminopeptidase, phosphoglucoisomerase, phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, phosphoglucomutase, and shikimate dehydrogenase. From the thirteen...

Gresshoff, P.M. (ed.): Technology Transfer in Plant Biotechnology

N. Čeřovská

Biologia plantarum 42:548, 1999 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002628928747

Effect of Methyl Ester of Jasmonic Acid and Benzylaminopurine on Growth and Protein Profile of Excised Cotyledons of Cucurbita Pepo (Zucchini)

K.I. Ananieva, E.D. Ananiev

Biologia plantarum 42:549-557, 1999 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002615115118

Treatment of excised marrow (Cucurbita pepo L., zucchini) cotyledons with methyl ester of jasmonic acid (MeJA) had no effect on their growth in darkness. On the other hand, MeJA induced the synthesis of three polypeptides (69, 60 and 43 kDa) and stimulated the accumulation of other polypeptides (97.4 and 53 kDa). These changes in the polypeptide profile were accompanied by a suppression of total protein and RNA synthesis as well as the activity of nuclear RNA polymerases. In contrast to MeJA, N⁶-benzylaminopurine (BAP) significantly enhanced cotyledon growth and stimulated protein and RNA synthesis. Furthermore, BAP, when applied...

Shurtleff, M.C., Averre III, C.W. (ed.): Glossary of Plant Pathological Terms

T. Moravec

Biologia plantarum 42:558, 1999 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002680929656

Gas Exchange and Malate Accumulation in Haberlea Rhodopensis Grown Under Different Irradiances

Y.K. Markovska

Biologia plantarum 42:559-565, 1999 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002619216027

Diurnal patterns of CO₂ exchange and fluctuations of tissue malic acid concentrations were investigated in the resurrection angiosperm Haberlea rhodopensis Friv. grown under irradiances of 30 or 300 μmol(photon) m^-2 s^-1 at transition from biosis to anabiosis and vice versa. Different degree of CAM-cycling were exhibited under well-watered conditions and extreme desiccation under both irradiances. The CAM-cycling was proved as efficient mechanism of saving water.

Hall, F.R., Menn, J.J. (ed.): Biopesticides: Use and Delivery

P. Ryšánek

Biologia plantarum 42:566, 1999 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002685030564

Influence of Ageing and Abscisic Acid on Potassium Uptake by Potato Tuber Tissues

A. Reddahi, A. Es-Sgaouri, C. R'Kiek

Biologia plantarum 42:567-573, 1999 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002623300097

The potassium uptake by potato tuber discs tissues freshly cut and after 24 h of ageing in the presence or not of abscisic acid was investigated. Uptake kinetics revealed a biphasic dependence on external K⁺ concentrations. At concentration less than 10 mM, uptake was mediated by a saturable component and a linear component became apparent at higher concentrations. At low K⁺ concentrations (lmM), the capacity of K⁺ uptake diminished by 2 times after ageing. Treatment of tissues with ABA increased the rate of K⁺ uptake. In both fresh and aged tissues the uptake was strongly enhanced by fusicoccin and decreased...

Raghavan, V.: Molecular Embryology of Flowering Plants

V. Žárský

Biologia plantarum 42:574, 1999 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002689131473

Stimulation of Potassium Uptake by Abscisic Acid in Potato Tuber Tissues. Relation with H+ and Ca2+ Fluxes

A. Reddahi, A. Es-Sgaouri, N. El Mourabit, M. Benicha

Biologia plantarum 42:575-581, 1999 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002675317844

Previous results with potato tuber discs showed that a treatment with abscisic acid stimulated K⁺ uptake. In this investigation, we determine the relationship between increased K' uptake and H⁺extrusion, and Ca²⁺ fluxes by treating tissues with specific Ca²⁺ channel blocker (La³⁺), calmodulin (CaM) inhibitors (chlorpromazine and W₇), and with Ca²⁺ ionophore (A23187). K⁺ uptake increased with increasing external pH whether tissues were treated with ABA or not. Treatment of tissues with La³⁺ inhibited K⁺ uptake, whereas CaM inhibitors have no...

Vaughan, M.J.: The Complete Book on Cut Flower Care

F. Šrámek

Biologia plantarum 42:582, 1999 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1001770114931

Effects of Irradiance and Copper on the Activity of Ascorbate Oxidase in Detached Rice Leaves

L.-M. Chen, C.H. Kao

Biologia plantarum 42:583-588, 1999 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002631518753

The effects of copper on the activity of ascorbic acid oxidasc (AAO) in detached rice leaves under both light and dark conditions and in etiolated rice seedlings were investigated. CuSO₄ increased AAO activity in detached rice leaves in both light and darkness, however, the induction in darkness was higher than in the light. In the absence of CuSO₄, irradiance (40 μmol m^-2 s^-1) resulted in a higher activity of AAO in detached rice leaves than dark treatment. Both CuSO₄ and CuCl₂ increased AAO activity in detached rice leaves, indicating that AAO is activated by Cu. Sulfate salts of...

Induction of Heat Shock Proteins and Acquisition of Thermotolerance in Germinating Pigeonpea Seeds

V. Sri Devi, N.V. Satyanarayana, K.V. Madhava Rao

Biologia plantarum 42:589-597, 1999 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002635602823

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) ranging in molecular masses from 14 to 110 kDa were induced in embryonic axes of germinating Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh seeds after exposure to 40 °C for 1 or 2 h. At 45 °C, there was a marked decline in synthesis of HSPs. A close relationship was observed between HSPs induced and the growth of the germinating seeds. Pretreatment of germinating seeds at 40 °C for 1 h or 45 °C for 10 min followed by incubation at 28 °C for 3 h led to considerable thermotolerance (45 °C, 2 h) and the recovery of protein synthesis.

Improved Histochemical Test for In Situ Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide in Cells Undergoing Oxidative Burst or Lignification

V. Repka

Biologia plantarum 42:599-607, 1999 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002687603731

An improved version of a simple histochemical test for the in situ assaying the production of hydrogen peroxide in living plant tissue was demonstrated. The test solution containing 50 mM KI in a 4 % potato starch solution was directly applied to the fresh cut surface of the tissue to be tested. Incorporation of an enhancer potassium permanganate (1 % final concentration) into the test reagent resulted in a ten times greater hydrogen peroxide mediated oxidation of iodide ions to iodine, especially in the case when, e.g. suboptimal concentration of H₂O₂ is present or endogenous catalase decomposes the H₂O₂...

Purification and Characterization of an Endopolygalacturonase Produced by Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum

C. Oliva, M. Regente, M. Feldman, L. Dela Canal

Biologia plantarum 42:609-614, 1999 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002691704640

An endopolygalacturonase (endo-PG), was purified from the culture medium of a local isolate of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum with ammonium sulphate precipitation, cation exchange chromatography and gel filtration. The purified endo-PG had a molecular mass of approximately 18 kDa estimated by gel filtration. The isoelectric point was determined by isoelectric focusing to be approximately 8, suggesting that PG II possesses a net positive charge at physiological pHs. The pH optimum for the enzyme was at pH 4.5. The endo-PG showed essentially the same affinity for pectin and polygalacturonic acid as substrates.

Some Physiological Characteristics in Resistant and Susceptible Cotton Cultivars Infected with Cotton Leaf Curl Virus

M. Ashraf, Z.U. Zafar

Biologia plantarum 42:615-620, 1999 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002695905549

Eight cultivars/lines of Gossypium hirsutum (CIM-443, CIM-448, CIM-1100, FH-634, S-111, S-113, Cedix, and LRA 5166) resistant to cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV), one moderately-resistant (cv. NIAB-Krishma), and one susceptible (cv. S-12) were used. All the resistant lines remained free of all disease symptoms, whereas in moderately-resistant and susceptible cvs. leaf curling and vein thickening occurred. Cultivars with varying degree of CLCuV-resistance had different pattern of accumulation of macronutrients. Leaf N content was lowest in S-12, but increased considerably due to disease. Leaf K and Ca contents of S-12 were lower in the diseased...

Nutrient Deficiency-dependent Anthocyanin Development in Spirodela Polyrhiza L. Schleid

V. Kumar, S.S. Sharma

Biologia plantarum 42:621-624, 1999 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002600122387

Spirodela polyrhiza L. Schleid. plants developed anthocyanin (AC) on the abaxial frond surface when grown on Hoagland nutrient solution diluted 1:≥40; AC content was maximum at 1:80 dilution. Till 1:20 dilution there was no or very little AC formation. The formation of AC seems to rely on the availability of excess carbon skeleton in relation to nitrogen in plants. Thus, addition of saccharose to 1:20 diluted medium resulted in a concentration-dependent AC formation. Also fructose, glucose, mannitol, and sorbitol induced AC synthesis. Conversely, urea and ammonium nitrate, when added to the 1:80 diluted medium, suppressed the AC formation....

Response of Barley Lines with Structural Rearrangements in Chromosomes 5, 6 and 7 to Limited Nitrogen Nutrition

T. Sodkiewicz

Biologia plantarum 42:625-629, 1999 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002652123296

The responses of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) lines with rebuilt chromosomes 5, 6 and 7 to reduced nitrogen nutrition were evaluated in juvenile growth stages. The material included two series of duplications (D) produced in the short arm of chromosome 6 and of chromosome 7, and in the long arm of chromosome 5 and of chromosome 6; their parental translocation lines (T) - from which analyzed duplications were derived and a standard karyotype cv. Bonus as a control. The translocation lines have break points located in 6_S and 7_S, or 5_L and 6_L. Only the lines with duplicated segments of the short arms of...

Carbon Translocation as Affected by Shade in Saplings of Shade Tolerant and Intolerant Species

R.P. Souza, I.F.M. Válio

Biologia plantarum 42:631-636, 1999 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002656207366

Carbon translocation was affected by shade in different tropical tree species differing in successional status and degree of shade tolerance. Plants of the early-successional shade-intolerant species Cecropia pachystachya and Schizolobium parahyba and of the late-successional shade-tolerant species Myroxylon peruiferum and Hymenaea courbaril were grown under full sun (FS) and natural shade treatments (NS) and assessed for [¹⁴C]-sucrose translocation. Most of the ¹⁴C was retained in the fed leaf after a 24 h translocation period. Under FS, the growing apical part of the plant was the most intense sink...

Determination of Metal Interactions on Root Growth of Sinapis Alba Seedlings

A. Fargašová

Biologia plantarum 42:637-640, 1999 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1002608324204

Root growth of Sinapis alba seedlings was used to determine the interactions (antagonism, synergism, and indifference) among Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, Mo⁶⁺, Mn²⁺ and V⁵⁺ (each to each). For majority of combinations the antagonistic or indifferent effect was observed. The synergism was confirmed only between Ni and V, Mo and V, and Cu and V. V and Mn had reciprocal antagonistic effect each other, and Mn was like as Mo and Cu the antagonist to Ni. Molybdenum came up reciprocal indifference with regard to Cu and Mn, Mn and Ni did not influence unfavourable effect of Cu on S. alba root growth.