The influence of oxygen deficiency in roots on contents of ethanol, lactate and glucose and on activities of ADH and LDH of wheat seedlings

Ricarda Hoblacher, J. Poskuta

Biologia plantarum 28:130-136, 1986 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02885210

The effect of anaerobiosis of wheat seedling roots during 6 consecutive days on contents of ethanol, lactate and glucose in roots and shoots and on the exudation of ethanol from roots to the medium was examined. Activities of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were determined. After 36 h of anaerobiosis the concentration of ethanol in roots increased temporarily about 6 times and after 6 days it decreased to the level of control plants. The exudation of ethanol from roots to the medium showed similar pattern. The content of lactate was unaffected by anaerobiosis. In contrast, the content of glucose in roots of seedlings increased...

Book review

T. Gichner, J. Tupý, Věra Hadačová, T. Herben

Biologia plantarum 28:155-160, 1986 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02885219

Time of flowering in spring: Its regulation in temperate zone woody plants

L. E. Powell, H. J. Swartz, Graźyna Pasternak, C. G. Maybee

Biologia plantarum 28:81-84, 1986 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02885197

Certain cultivars ofMalus growing at Geneva, New York, USA, begin growth and bloom 2 -3 weeks later than commercial cultivars of apple. Our research suggests that these late bloomers bloom late because they have a very high chilling requirement for bud burst. The chilling requirement interacts with the heat requirement for bud burst in such a way as to result in delayed bud burst and bloom. Abscisic acid (ABA) decreases in the terminal buds of both early and late bloomers during the chilling period, but it decreases more rapidly in the early bloomers. It has not been determined if ABA plays a role in controlling bloom date.

The role of ethylene in the flowering response of bulbous plants

W. J. De Munk, Th. L. J. Duineveld

Biologia plantarum 28:85-90, 1986 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02885198

Ethylene induces the flower formation and stimulates the flower-bud development of some bulbous plants exposed to the gas when the apex is in the vegetative state. For iris bulbs cv. Ideal maximum responses have been found after exposure to 5 ppm for 8 h; lower concentrations, shorter exposure periods and, depending on seasonal conditions, low temperatures during gas treatment, gave intermediate responses. The effects are opposite to the ethylene induced flower-bud blasting which occurs when bulbous plants are exposed to the gas after completion of the flower formation.Dry storage of the bulbs in atmospheres containing 5% CO₂ reduces...

Physiological activity of 1-amino-2-phenylethylphosphonic acid, a substrate analogue of phenylalanine

J. S. Knypl, Krystyna M. Janas

Biologia plantarum 28:91-94, 1986 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02885200

1-Amino-2-phenylethylphosphonie acid (PheP) retards growth inSpirodela oligor-rhiza causing morphological malformations, inhibits chlorophyll synthesis in progeny fronds, and markedly stimulates L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activityin vivo and inhibits itin vitro; in prolonged experiments ribonuclease activity is stimulated. PheP severely inhibits anthocyanin synthesis in seedlings of red cabbage, with moderate inhibition of PAL activityin vivo; chlorophyll synthesis and growth of the seedlings are little affected.

The effect of inorganic phosphate on the ethylene production in tomato and apple fruits

Jolanta Sobolewska, H. Plich

Biologia plantarum 28:95, 1986 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02885201

Tomato fruits on stems immersed in phosphate solution 0.2 M K₂HPO₄ produced less ethylene than control fruits on stems immersed in water. Phosphate mediated inhibition of ethylene production was found to be the highest in fruits in the pink stage of maturity, which produced ethylene at the highest rate. Phosphate also inhibited ethylene production in slices prepared from maturing fruits, both apple and tomato. We suggest that phosphate is an inhibitor of ethylene biosynthesis in sufficiently mature tomato and apple fruits in which the rise of ethylene production is already very rapid.

Carotenoids fromCapsicum annuum fruits: Influence of spectral quality of radiation

M. Lopez, Ma Emilia Candela, F. Sabater

Biologia plantarum 28:100, 1986 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02885203

Capsicum annuum L. cv. Ramillete fruits grown in the field were covered 60 d after flowering with "white", yellow, red and blue cellophane filters. Two other sets were left in full sunlight and under cover, respectively. After 30 d of treatment, during the ripening period, the contents of individual carotenoids were analyzed.The red radiation was the most effective to increase the carotenoid biosynthesis, but the green and blue radiations inhibited their production. Either class of filters inhibited the formation of capsanthin, the most important carotenoid in the production of red colour of the maturation, but capsorubin, the other carotenoid...

Comparison of some kinetic parameters of peroxidase and IAA oxidase in the course of growth and differentiation of plant cells

Atanaska Dencheva, Dimitrina Klisueska

Biologia plantarum 28:105, 1986 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02885204

An attempt is made to characterize the functional activity of the protein moleculo possessing both peroxidase and IAA oxidase activity by comparing the kinetic parameters for the two types of enzyme activity with regard to the following substrates: H₂O₂, benzidine, guaiacol and IAA. The curves expressing the dependence of the enzyme reaction velocity on the concentration of the enzyme or the substrate are different depending on the enzyme extract origin and the type of the substrate. It is established that the K_m of peroxidase for IAA decreases while its K_m for H₂O₂ increases during...

Effects of nitrogen deprivation on the ATP-sulphurylase and O-acetylserine sulphydrylase activities of mesophyll protoplasts and bundle sheath strands of maize leaves

Rossella Ghisi, F. Anaclerio, C. Passera

Biologia plantarum 28:114, 1986 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02885205

In maize leaves nitrogen (N)-deprivation induced a significant decline of chlorophyl and total N contents. On the contrary, sulphur (S) content increased with N-deprivation. The activities of ATP-sulphurylase and O-acetylserine sulphydrylase also decreased with N-deprivation, but ATP-sulphurylase activity was more sensitive than O-acetylserine sulphydrylase activity to N-deficiency both in whole leaf extracts and in isolated leaf cells. Finally, N-deprivation induced higher changes in activity of the two enzymes in mesophyll protoplasts than in bundle sheath strands.

Effect of ínductive photoperiod and gibberellin treatment on peroxidase enzyme system in relation to floral induction inImpatiens balsamina L

N. Sawhney, S. Sawhney

Biologia plantarum 28:120, 1986 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02885207

Gibberellins A₃ and A₁₃ cause floral induction inImpatiens balsamina, a qualitative short day plant, under non-inductive 24-h photoperiods (continuous illumination). However, the influence of the two inductive factors,i.e. gibberellins and short days (8-h photoperiods) on the peroxidase enzyme system is different. The total peroxidase activity decreases under both inductive and non-inductive photoperiods, with or without gibberellin treatment. The electrophoretic pattern of isoperoxidases changes only in response to gibberellin treatment. Under 24-h photoperiods, treatment with gibberellins A₃ and A₁₃...

Production of embryoids and calli from isolated microspores of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) in liquid media

T. M. Varghese, Gulshan Yadav

Biologia plantarum 28:126-129, 1986 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02885208

Isolated uninucleate microspores of tomato,Lycopersicon esculentum Mill, were cultured in defined, liquid nutritive media. The microspores developed to haploid embryoids with or without an attached suspensor or into calli with compactly or loosely arranged cells.

Gladiolus "grassy top" disease recorded in Czechoslovakia and increased susceptibility of affected corms toFusarium sp.

J. Václavík, Marie Ulrychová, M. Jokeš

Biologia plantarum 28:137, 1986 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02885212

Gladiolus "grassy top" disease was recorded in Czechoslovakia. Electron micrographs of ultrathin sections prepared from dwarfed leaves sprouting in spring from corms of affected gladiolus plant showed a very high accumulation of mycoplasma-like organisms (MLO) in sieve tubes. These corms were stored during the winter period in a cold glasshouse and their overground plant parts were removed only before planting in spring.In autumn, when the corms were dug up in the field, those of affected plants were mostly infected withFusarium sp. while those of apparently healthy ones were intact. This observation may indicate a conspicuously increased...

Photoinduced pH and membrane potential changes in the algaPithophora pragensis

D. Remiš

Biologia plantarum 28:141-144, 1986 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02885214

Glass microelectrodes filled with antimony were constructed, the electrical potential of which linearly depends on pH and is not influenced by light. Recording at the surface and in the cytosol (the latter corrected for the transient response of the membrane potential measured with a conventional electrode) showed both intra- and extracellular alkalization brought about by irradiating the algaPithophora pragensis. DIURON (DCMU, 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea) in the concentration 10^-4M almost entirely abolished the photoeffect.

The effect of phenylacetic acid on cholinesterase activity and on some isoenzymes of esterases and cholinesterases of peain vitro

Rumjana Nikolova, L. Chvojka, Věra Hadačová, Věra Schejblová

Biologia plantarum 28:145, 1986 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02885215

Phenylacetic acid at 1.5 × 10^-3 M inhibits the activity of some esterase isoenzymes from pea leaves separated by means of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Some of the inhibited esterases show cholinesterase activity. Inhibition of the total activity has been demonstrated with a partially purified protein fraction from pea leaves containing choline esterase. The inhibition constant established after Dixon was 7.9 × 10^-3 M and the type of inhibition was competitive.

Comparison of hairy root and crown gall tumors ofArabidopsis thaliana

Daniela Pavingerová, M. Ondřej

Biologia plantarum 28:149-151, 1986 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02885217

The phenotype appearance ofArabidopsis thaliana hairy roots and crown galls their teratomas and regenerated plants were compared. Several differences were found, which correlate with T-DNA differences between Ti and Ri plasmids.

Differentiation ofPetunia hybrida tissues transformed byAgrobacterium rhizogenes andAgrobacterium tumefaciens

M. Ondřej, Růzena Bísková

Biologia plantarum 28:152-155, 1986 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02885218

Petunia hybrida plants were inoculated with differentAgrobacterium rhizogenes andA. tumefaciens strains and developed tumors were further cultivatedin vitro. Transformed flowering plants differentiated from tumors induced byA. rhizogenes strains 8196 and TRIOL Transformed but non-rooted plants developed also from tumors incited byA. tumefaciens T37. Cultures of roots transformed byA. rhizogenes strain 15834 did not show increased incidence of chromosomal aberrations in anaphases in comparison with untransformecl control. Permanent growth of isolated untransformedPetunia roots was not induced by...

Ecological systems of the geobiosphere

Jana Pospíšilová

Biologia plantarum 28:90, 1986 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02885199

Roots, nutrient and water influx, and plant growth

Jana Pospíšilová

Biologia plantarum 28:99, 1986 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02885202

Die blüte

J. Tupý

Biologia plantarum 28:119, 1986 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02885206

Psychologie der Photosynthese

Jana Pospíšilová

Biologia plantarum 28:129, 1986 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02885209

Annual review of plant physiology. Volume 36

Jana Pospíšilová

Biologia plantarum 28:136, 1986 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02885211

The physiological ecology of seaweeds

Z. Šesták

Biologia plantarum 28:140, 1986 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02885213

The cell division cycle in plants

T. Gichner

Biologia plantarum 28:148, 1986 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02885216

Announcement

Biologia plantarum 28:160, 1986 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02885220