Nuclease accessibility of chromatin from a heterotic hybrid and from parental inbreds

S. E. Palmer, V. Ulrich

Biologia plantarum 34:361-366, 1992 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923580

The DNAase II, Mg²⁺ procedure was used to fractionate the seedling chromatin of a heterotic maize hybrid and its parental inbreds FRM017 and FRN28. The hybrid and the more vigorous maize inbred FRN28 have 14 and 11 percent soluble chromatin (euchromatin) respectively, while the less vigorous FRM017 contains 30 percent. The unfractionated chromatin of the hybrid contains less protein than either inbred. The RNA contents of the unfractionated chromatin of the hybrid and of FRN28 are similar and are one-half that of less vigorous FRM017. Hybrid euchromatin contains relatively more protein and RNA than DNA as well as higher proportions of protein...

Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate specific phospholipase C inPharbitis nil membranes

P. L. R. Bonner, S. L. Prior, A. M. Hetherington, P. J. Lumsden

Biologia plantarum 34:367, 1992 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923581

Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate specific phospholipase C has been detected in a membrane preparation fromPharbitis nil cotyledons. The enzyme has a pH optimum of 6.8 and activated by calcium ions, deoxycholate, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The enzyme is inhibited to varying degrees by Tween 20, Triton XI00, zinc, copper, cobalt and manganese ions and phosphatidylserine. G-protein activators do not affect the activity ofPharbitis nil phospholipase C. Analysis of the products of the reaction by HPLC shows inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate from phospholipase C and inositol bisphosphate from inositol-1 and -5 phosphatase...

Plasmalemma fluidity in parenchyma cells from Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) tubers during the break of dormancy

G. Pétel, R. Sueldo, A. Coudret, M. Gendraud

Biologia plantarum 34:373, 1992 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923582

Plasmalemma-enriched fractions were isolated from Jerusalem artichoke tubers along the time course of dormancy break produced by cold treatment. A decrease of membrane fluidity was noted from the 3^rd to the 8^th week of this treatment, as well as a decrease of plasmalemma NADH dehydrogenase activity from the 5^th to the 8^th week. The plasmalemma lipid extracts studied revealed two major phospholipidic components: phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Their respective quantities decreased until the 12^th week, where the phosphatidylcholine level is lower than the phosphatidylethanolamine...

A rapid method by flow cytometry for estimating persistence of tetraploid perennial ryegrass in pasture mixtures with diploid perennial ryegrass

J. Baert, D. Reheul, E. Van Bockstaele, A. De Loof

Biologia plantarum 34:381-385, 1992 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923583

A simple and rapid method for the estimation of the proportion of diploid and tetraploid perennial ryegrass in a mixed sward is described, based on the measurement of the nuclear DNA content of the leaf tissue cells by flow cytometry. The error of estimation was less than 5 %.

Book Review

H. Štorchová

Biologia plantarum 34:386, 1992 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923584

Activity and isoenzyme composition of peroxidase and esterase in fertile and male-sterile lines of tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

M. Markova, M. Ancheva, B. Atanasova

Biologia plantarum 34:387-394, 1992 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923585

A comparative study of the isoenzyme patterns of esterase and peroxidase and overall peroxidase activity in stamens of male-sterile (MS) lines of Pearson ms-35 and P ms-35aa and of the respective male-fertile (MF) tomato plants have been conducted. The study has been made at two stages of stamens development - tetrad and pollen. Higher activities of the esterase isoenzymes in the MF stamens than that of MS in both ontogeny stages have been found. The slow moving esterase isoenzymes both of the MF and the MS stamens are the major isoenzymes in the early stage and are connected with tapetum development while the fast moving esterase isoenzymes are connected...

Photocontrol of biological processes in monocotyledonous plants after relaxation of phytochrome system

T. Shapiro, T. Zaitseva

Biologia plantarum 34:395, 1992 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923586

Effects of a short-term pre-irradiation of etiolated wheat seedlings by radiation of various wavelengths and various irradiances on the rates of photophospho-rylation, Hill reaction, and chlorophyll accumulation were studied. The curves, constructed for the dependence of inhibitory effect in different processes on pre-irradiance doses, have a saturation level corresponding to photostationary state of the phytochrome system and a pre-threshold site where the inhibition is absent. For an interpretation of the experimental data we suggest a general model that includes both the threshold concept of Mohr and the presence of an additional control mechanism...

Characteristics of leaf structure and photosynthetic apparatus within the crown of systematically shadedQuercus petraea andNothofagus procera seedlings

A. B. I. Igboanugo

Biologia plantarum 34:401, 1992 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923587

Four-year-old seedlings ofQuercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. andNothofagus procera (Poepp. et Endl.) Querst were grown outdoors in pots while subjected to full, medium and low irradiances. Shading and decrease in height of leaf attachment generally increased specific leaf area, the diameters of chloroplasts and of palisade and spongy mesophyll cells, but decreased leaf thickness, number of palisade cell layers, length of palisade and spongy mesophyll cells, number of chloroplasts per mesophyll cell and epidermal cell and cuticle thickness, stomata and hair densities per unit leaf area, hair length, maximum hair breath and cell wall thickness...

Book Review

I. MacháČková

Biologia plantarum 34:408, 1992 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923588

Effect of phenolic compounds on symbiotic nitrogen fixation in pigeonpea(Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.)

K. K. Dhir, L. Rao, K. J. Singh, K. S. Chark

Biologia plantarum 34:409, 1992 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923589

The effect of different phenolic compounds:p-hydroxybenzoic acid, resorcinol and chlorogenic acid (mono-, di- and polyphenol) was studied on nodulation and related metabolic processes in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L. cv. Al-15). Nitrogenease activity, leghaemoglobin and ascorbic acid content of the nodules increased with the application of phenols. Phenols increase the contents of amino acids, proteins and total soluble carbohydrates in the nodules as reserve food materials.

Book Review

I. Macháčková

Biologia plantarum 34:414, 1992 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923590

Effect of iso-osmotic levels of salts and PEG-6000 on enzymes in germinating pea seeds

M. Singh, B. B. Singh

Biologia plantarum 34:415, 1992 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923591

Effects of iso-osmotic levels of salts (NaCl, CaCl₂, Na₂SO₄) and PEG-6000 on the activity of hydrolytic and nitrogen assimilatory enzymes in pea embryo axis and coty ledon were studied. The activity of nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase in embryo axis and cotyledon and the activity of protease and α-amylase in cotyledon decreased with decreasing medium osmotic potential as compared to control at all the stages of seedling growth. The activity of protease and amylase increases with increasing levels of stress in embryo axis. Sodium chloride induced, stress had more deleterious effects on the activity of nitrate...

Growth and some metabolic activities ofScenedesmus obliquus cultivated under different NaCl concentrations

A. A. Mohammed, A. A. Shafea

Biologia plantarum 34:423-430, 1992 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923592

The physiological response ofScenedesmus obliquus to salinity (NaCl concentration of 40, 80, 120, 60 and 200 mM) for 7 d (long-term experiments) or 2 h (short-term experiments) was followed. Cell number, dry matter and the content of photosynthetic pigments decreased with the rise of NaCl concentration. However, the photosynthetic O₂ evolution mostly increased with the increase of NaCl concentration up to 80 mM, and respiration (dark O₂ uptake) was markedly promoted. Photosynthesis/respiration ratio went in concomitance with the cell number, dry matter or chlorophyll content. Contents of soluble saccharides and soluble...

Apple tree water relations studied by means of the relative rate of water flow in the trunk xylem

N. E. Nadezhdina

Biologia plantarum 34:431-437, 1992 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923593

The results of long-term investigations of variations of rates of water transport through the trunk xylem, its diameter, the leaf water potential and the transpiration rate of the apple tree showed that the daily rhythm of the relative rate of moisture flow in the trunk xylem is an obvious index of the state of the apple tree water exchange. This enables us to determine the period of its unbalance at intensive transpiration as well as the level of the forming water deficit with high accuracy and operativeness. Moreover, by the daily curve of the relative rate of xylem flow one can judge the role of contribution of the trunk reservoir to transpiration.

Book Review

I. Tichá

Biologia plantarum 34:438, 1992 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923594

Effect of salinity and tryptophan on growth and some metabolic changes in wheat and sorghum plants

S. E. A. Khodary

Biologia plantarum 34:439-443, 1992 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923595

During the germination, wheat and sorghum plants tolerated salinity up to 10 mM NaCl. Seedling growth and dry matter production remained more or less unchanged up to 10 mM NaCl in case of wheat and up to 5 mM NaCl in case of sorghum. The water content of test plant species exhibited nearly constant values irrespective of the salinity level applied. The proline and carbohydrate content increased with elevating NaCl, while free amino acids content decreased. Irrigating of seedlings with tryptophan had non significant effect at all salinity levels used.

Book Review

I. Tichá

Biologia plantarum 34:444, 1992 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923596

Iron deficiency response in relation to iron uptake in two cultivars and a local strain ofMentha arvensisL.

A. Misra, S. Ramani

Biologia plantarum 34:445, 1992 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923597

The tolerance to iron-deficiency stress and the iron uptake were studied in two Japanese mint(Mentha arvensis L.) cultivars MAS1 and MS77 and their local strain MA2. A considerable reduction of pH of the nutrient medium in MAS1 and MS77 treatments associated with different degree of chlorosis was found. A rapid recovery from chlorosis was found only in MS77 and to some degree in MAS1, but not in the MA2. The results indicated that iron uptake and translocation were inversely related to iron stress tolerance.

Book Review

J. Davídek

Biologia plantarum 34:450, 1992 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923598

Effect of sinigrin on the efficiency of acquisition of turnip mosaic virus byMyzus persicae andBrevicoryne brassicae

J. Špak

Biologia plantarum 34:451, 1992 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923599

The efficiency of turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) acqusition fromSinapis alba L. without sinigrin andBrassica nigra (L.) Koch with a high content of sinigrin by non-fastedMyzus persicae (Sulz.) andBrevicoryne brassicae (L.) was investigated in order to determine the effect of the phagostimulatory glucoside sinigrin on virus transmission. There was a significantly higher acquisition of TuMV fromS. alba byM. persicae than fromB. nigra. Conversely,B. brassicae acquired the virus more efficiently fromB. nigra than fromS. alba. The efficiency of transmission was positively correlated with...

Book Review

J. Jirátko

Biologia plantarum 34:456, 1992 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923600

Book Review

J. Jirátko

Biologia plantarum 34:470, 1992 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923604

Book Review

V. Zelený, V. POKORNý

Biologia plantarum 34:478-479, 1992 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923607

Photoperiodic induction of flowering in green and photobleachedChenopodium rubrum L. ecotype 184 - a short- day plant

B. Živanović, L. Ćulafić

Biologia plantarum 34:457, 1992 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923601

Chenopodium rubrum L. ecotype 184 is a qualitative short-day plant with critical length of the night of eight hours that must be exceeded in order to flower: Five days after sowing, the plants were exposed to a various number of inductive cycles (14/10 h of däy/night cycle) to test the optimal photoperiodic conditions for flowering. In our experimental conditions the plants flowered with high percentage after more than four received inductive cycles, but there was no flowering below that. The plants grown on the herbicide Norflurazon (photobleached plants) showed different photoperiodic characteristics. There was negligible flowering of photobleached...

Effect of temperature onin vitro pollen germination in pigeonpea

I. Singh, S. Bharti, A. S. Nandwal, C. L. Goswami, S. K. Varma

Biologia plantarum 34:461-464, 1992 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923602

Pollen of pigeonpea(Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) cultivars H-77-216 and ICPL-151 were cultivatedin vitro at six different temperatures (12, 17, 22, 27, 32, 37 °C). Pollen of cv. H-77-216 started to germinate at 17 °C whereas the pollen of cv. ICPL-151 at 22 °C, the optimal temperatures were 22 and 27 °C, respectively. Pollen germination at different temperatures was found to be positively correlated with the tube length. Per cent pollen bursting increased with rising temperature. The indeterminate cv. H-77-216 showed a wide range of suitable temperatures (17 - 27 °C) for pollen germination while the determinate cv. ICPL-151 had optimum at 27 °C

Salinity tolerance in different cultivars of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

M. L. K. Niazi, K. Mahmood, S. M. Mujtaba, K. A. Malik

Biologia plantarum 34:465, 1992 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923603

Seven barley(Hordeum vulgäre L.) cultivars tested varied greatly in their responses to root medium salinity (electrical conductivity of 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 dS nr^-1)-lant growth was relatively more adversely affected than seed germination. Dry/fresh mass ratio increased at higher salinity levels in all barley cultivars indicating reduced water uptake. Higher K/Na ratio in plant shoots compared to that in the root medium solution indicated selective uptake of K that seems to be among processes involved in tolerance of cultivars to salinity stress.

The occurrence of walnut ringspot onJuglans regia L. in Slovakia

H. Baumgartnerová

Biologia plantarum 34:471, 1992 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923605

The properties of a virus causing walnut ringspot ofJuglans regia L. which had been identified by the visual examination of symptoms on leaves and fruits of walnut trees in Slovakia were studied. The virus was transmitted mechanically toChenopodium quinoa Willd.,Chenopodium amaranticolor Coste et Reyn.,Nicotiana clevelandii Gray,Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Bountiful. Purified virus was used for antiserum production. The thermal inactivation point of the virus lies between 48 and 50 °C and the dilution end-point between 10^-1 and 10^-2. The obtained antiserum had a titer 1:256. Virus isolates gave...

Heterogeneity of stomatal density in the second wheat leaf

A. Bímová

Biologia plantarum 34:475, 1992 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923606

The stomatal density on abaxial epidermis of the second wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) leaf increased step by step from the leaf base to its tip. On adaxial epidermis, this increasing tendency was generally maintained, but close to both the base and the apex two maxima were determined. In the direction perpendicular to leaf length, maximum stomatal density was close to the edges, and minimum one was in the central part of the leaf blade.