Insertion Profiles in Stomatal Density and Sizes in Nicotiana Tabacum L. Plantlets

M. Voleníková, I. Tichá

Biologia plantarum 44:161-165, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1017982619635

Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Samsun) plantlets were cultured in vitro on Murashige-Skoog medium photoautotrophically (without sucrose) or photomixotrophically (with 3 % sucrose) under two irradiances [70 or 230 µmol m^-2 s^-1]. Significant differences in stomatal density and sizes in leaves of different insertion levels (3^rd, 5^th and 7^th leaves from bottom) in photomixotrophic plantlets but not in photoautotrophic ones were found after 35 d of culture. Stomatal density was higher in upper leaves and on abaxial leaf side. Higher irradiance enhanced stomatal density in photoautotrophic...

Tucker, G.A., Roberts, J.A. (ed.): Plant Hormone Protocols

D. Haisel

Biologia plantarum 44:166, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1010288401404

Development of Autotrophy and Tolerance to Acclimatization of Myrtus Communis Transplants Cultured In Vitro under Different Aeration

M. Lucchesini, A. Mensuali-Sodi, R. Massai, R. Gucci

Biologia plantarum 44:167-174, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1010277403705

The behaviour of myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) plantlets during the last phase of in vitro culture before transplanting was studied. Myrtle plants were sampled from Mediterranean shrubland vegetation. In vitro growth of myrtle microcuttings was evaluated during the rooting phase using 500 cm³ containers fitted with two different types of closures. The number of gas exchanges and time in which aerated and closed vessels lose half of their gas content were calculated. Both types of vessel closure allowed photosynthetic activity in myrtle cultures even though the higher aeration rate induced higher net photosynthetic rate...

In Vitro Root Formation in Anacardium Occidentale Microshoots

B. Boggetti, J. Jásik, S.H. Mantell

Biologia plantarum 44:175-179, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1010226720543

Cultural conditions affecting the induction of rhizogenesis in vitro were evaluated in cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) shoot-node-derived microshoots. The application of auxins was essential for the formation of adventitious roots. A 5-d indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) induction period was more suitable than continuous IBA treatment or a shorter induction period. N⁶-[2-Isopentenyl]adenine in low concentrations (0.3 - 1 µM) in the root induction medium supported root formation. Precultivation of microshoots with gibberellic acid (GA₃) suppressed the subsequent rhizogenesis. Activated charcoal did not affect rooting....

Schekman, R., Goldstein, L., McKnight, S.L., Rossant, J. (ed.): Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology. Vol. 16

T. Gichner

Biologia plantarum 44:180, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1010240502313

Effect of Sucrose Concentration, Charcoal, and Indole-3-Butyric Acid on Germination of Abies Numidica Somatic Embryos

B. Vooková, A. Kormuťák

Biologia plantarum 44:181-184, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1010278704613

The dependency of radicle elongation in Abies numidica somatic embryos on germination media has been studied. No significant differences were detected between the Murashige and Skoog (MS) and Schenk and Hildebrandt (SH) medium. The addition of 10 g dm^-3 activated charcoal or 0.05 mg dm^-3 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) into both media had positive influence on embryo germination. Difference between activated charcoal and IBA effects were significant. The high rooting percentage (85 %) was recorded on half SH medium with 10 g dm^-3 sucrose and activated charcoal. After IBA addition rooting percentage was increased...

Effect of Irradiance, Sugars and Nitrogen on Leaf Size of In Vitro Grown Ceratonia Siliqua L.

B. Vinterhalter, D. Vinterhalter, M. Nešković

Biologia plantarum 44:185-188, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1010230821452

Carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) has compound pinnate leaves consisting of 4 - 6 pairs of leaflets. However, in conditions of in vitro culture only one pair of leaflets develops. With increasing irradiance from 9.3 to 74.1 µmol m^-2 s^-1, leaf area increased 5-fold. Sucrose also significantly increased leaf area and the maxima were at concentration 147 mM at high irradiance and 233.6 mM at low irradiance. Sucrose was superior to fructose, glucose and combination of both in increasing leaf area. Decreasing concentration of KNO₃ and NH₄NO₃ caused a 3-fold decline of leaf area.

Enhancement of Regeneration Potential and Variability by γ-Irradiation in Cultured Cells of Scilla Indica

B. Chakravarty, S. Sen

Biologia plantarum 44:189-193, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1010282805522

Induced mutagenesis in callus tissues was studied in the medicinal plant Scilla indica irradiated with different doses of γ-radiation ranging from 2.5 to 20 Gy. Low doses accelerated the cell division and growth rate of the tissues whereas high doses repressed growth rate and resulted in lethality of tissues. Various cytological and chromosomal abnormalities were observed in the irradiated calli, the degree of which depended upon the dosage. Low doses of irradiation also promoted the regenerating capacity of the calli tissues and plants regenerating from them exhibited better growth and vigour compared to normal plants. High doses led...

Rozema, J.: Stratospheric Ozone Depletion. The Effects of Enhanced UV-B Radiation on Terrestrial Ecosystems

N. Wilhelmová

Biologia plantarum 44:194, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1010244619151

Use of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Markers for Mapping the Chickpea Genome

H. Banerjee, R.A. Pai, J.P. Moss, R.P. Sharma

Biologia plantarum 44:195-202, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1010234922360

Three interspecific crosses were developed using Cicer arietinum (ICC 4918) as the female parent and wild Cicer species [C. reticulatum - JM 2100, JM 2106 and C. echinospermum - ICCW 44] as the male parent. Cicer arietinum (ICC 4918) × C. reticulatum (JM 2100) cross produced the largest number of F₂ plants and was chosen for linkage mapping using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers. A partial linkage map was constructed based upon the segregation of 36 RAPD markers obtained by amplification using 35 primers. The linkage map consists of two linkage groups with 17 linked markers covering...

Cytosine Methylation Changes in Rice Centromeric and Telomeric Sequences Induced by Foreign DNA Introgression

B. Liu, Z.L. Liu, Y.Z. Dong, J.H. Zhao, B.Q. Hunag, M.Y. He

Biologia plantarum 44:203-206, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1010287006431

Cytosine methylation changes (hyper- or hypomethylation) in centromeric and telomeric sequences were observed in all three studied rice introgression lines containing DNA from wild rice, Zizania latifolia Griseb. The changed genomic Southern hybridization patterns were complex and non-concordant between a pair of isoschizomers (HpaII/MspI) digests, indicating methylation modifications at both the inner and outer cytosines of the CCGG sites. The changed patterns were inherited through generations. Possible mechanism for the methylation changes and their potential implications for the phenotypic variation and genome organization...

Isozymes as Genetic Markers in Maize Breeding

M. Zlokolica, M. Milošević

Biologia plantarum 44:207-211, 2001

The major objective of the research is to identify and locate quantitative trait loci (QTL_s) in the Yugoslav maize population. The plants (F2) were selected for the analysis at seedling stage and were selfed to obtain F3 generation. The analysis covered about 15 enzymes controlled by about 30 loci. The seeds of F3 family planted in the greenhouse for measuring some quantitative traits, recorded tasselling and silking during vegetation. At the end of vegetation grain yield, and some other quantitative traits of grain in F3 family were assessed. The relationship between marker loci and the loci for quantitative traits (QTL_s) were...

Hoshmand, A.R.: Statistical Methods for Environmental and Agricultural Sciences. Second Edition. - CRC Press, Boca Raton

M. Šindelářová

Biologia plantarum 44:212, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1010296603222

Effect of a Brassinosteroid Analogue and High Temperature Stress on Leaf Ultrastructure of Lycopersicon Esculentum

O. Sam, M. Núñez, M.C. Ruiz-Sánchez, J. Dell'Amico, V. Falcón, M.C. De la Rosa, J. Seoane

Biologia plantarum 44:213-218, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1010291124178

The ultrastructure of tomato leaf disks treated with a biostimulator (0.01 mg dm^-3 BB6, brassinosteroid analogue from Cuba), and subjected to high temperature (40 °C for 1.5 h) was studied. High temperature stress caused the appearance of granules in the nucleus, nucleolus and cytoplasm. In chloroplasts and in mitochondria the internal membrane system was disorganised and in chloroplasts some starch granules were detected. These symptoms were more marked in the cells treated with BB6. The influence of BB6 on the ultrastructure of leaf cells was apparent also before being subjected to heat stress.

Effects of Salicylic Acid on the Structure of Second Leaves of Hordeum Vulgare L.

D. Stoyanova, A. Uzunova

Biologia plantarum 44:219-224, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1010295208248

The structure and ultrastructure of the second leaves of 10-d-old barley plants (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Alfa) was investigated after long-term treatment with salicylic acid (SA) in concentrations of 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mM. The treatment induced: 1) suppressed bulliform cells formation in the adaxial epidermis (1.0 mM SA); 2) reduction of apoplast in the mesophyll (0.5 and 1.0 mM SA); 3) formation of invaginations (0.1 and 0.5 mM SA) and proliferations (0.5 mM SA); and 4) thylakoid destruction and coagulation of the stroma (1.0 mM SA).

Free Radical Scavengers and Photosynthetic Pigments in Pinus Cembra L. Needles as Affected by Ozone Exposure

G. Wieser, M. Tausz, A. Wonisch, W.M. Havranek

Biologia plantarum 44:225-232, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1010247325086

The goal of this study was the characterization of the antioxidative protection system of current and 1-year-old needles of a cembran pine (Pinus cembra L.) and its possible responses to elevated concentrations of atmospheric O₃. Twigs of a mature cembran pine at the alpine timberline (1950 m a.s.l.) were exposed in climate-controlled twig chambers for 91 d to charcoal-filtered air (CF), ambient air O₃ concentration (A), and two-fold ambient air O₃ concentration (2A). Additionally, a chamberless control group (AA) was used to examine chamber effects. At the end of the fumigation period the contents of free radical...

Changes of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid Oxidase Activity in Stressed Pinus Sylvestris Needles

G. Ievinsh, G. Dreibante, D. Kruzmane

Biologia plantarum 44:233-237, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1010299309157

Stimulation of ethylene biosynthesis in pine needles by hydrogen peroxide and sodium bisulfite coincided with the activation of ACC oxidase at the level of protein synthesis. Decrease in ethylene production at high concentrations of sodium bisulfite (above 7 mM) was apparently due to inhibition of ACC oxidase activity. Treatment of pine needles with aminotriazole caused an inhibition of both ethylene production and ACC oxidase activity. Both methylviologen and methyl jasmonate stimulated ACC oxidase activity in a concentration-dependent manner with no parallel changes in ethylene production. The presented results suggest that ACC oxidase plays an important...

Kiesselbach, T.A.: The Structure and Reproduction of Corn. 50th Anniversary Edition

I. Babůrek

Biologia plantarum 44:238, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1010248820060

Are Sclerophylls and Malacophylls Hydraulically Different?

A. Nardini

Biologia plantarum 44:239-245, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1010251425995

This work tests the hypothesis that sclerophylls (i.e. hard-leaved species) would be less efficient than malacophylls (i.e. soft-leaved species) in terms of water transport through the stem as well as within the leaf blade. Mean leaf surface area (A_L), leaf specific mass (LSM) as well as shoot (K_WL), stem (K_SL) and leaf (K_LL) hydraulic conductances were measured in eight Mediterranean evergreen sclerophylls and eight temperate deciduous malacophylls. No difference was observed between the two groups in terms of K_LL and of the contribution of leaves to the overall shoot hydraulic resistance....

Schwarzacher, T., Heslop-Harrison, P.: Practical in situ Hybridization

I. Babůrek

Biologia plantarum 44:246, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1010200920968

Effect of Water Deficit and Membrane Destruction on Water Diffusion in the Tissues of Maize Seedlings

I.F. Ionenko, A.V. Anisimov

Biologia plantarum 44:247-252, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1010203510065

We investigated diffusion of water in maize seedlings (Zea mays L. cv. Dnepropetrovskaya) following addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 (osmotic potential -0.1 and -0.3 MPa) to the root medium by NMR method with pulsed gradient of magnetic field. Diffusion coefficients of different water phases in plant tissues (water of apoplast and vacuoles, water transported through the membranes) have been estimated from multicomponent decays of echo amplitude. Different signs of changes of water diffusion coefficients of fast and slow components of diffusional echo decay in roots and leaves under the influence of PEG-induced water deficits were shown....

Counteraction of Salinity Stress on Wheat Plants by Grain Soaking in Ascorbic Acid, Thiamin or Sodium Salicylate

A.M.A. Al-Hakimi, A.M. Hamada

Biologia plantarum 44:253-261, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1010255526903

The interactive effects of salinity stress (40, 80, 120 and 160 mM NaCl) and ascorbic acid (0.6 mM), thiamin (0.3 mM) or sodium salicylate (0.6 mM) were studied in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The contents of cellulose, lignin of either shoots or roots, pectin of root and soluble sugars of shoots were lowered with the rise of NaCl concentration. On the other hand, the contents of hemicellulose and soluble sugars of roots, starch and soluble proteins of shoots, proline of either shoots or roots, and amino acids of roots were raised. Also, increasing NaCl concentration in the culture media increased Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ accumulation...

Chase, A.R.: Foliage Plant Diseases: Diagnosis and Control

M. Šindelářová

Biologia plantarum 44:262, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1010205005039

Growth and Water Relations in Mycorrhizal and Nonmycorrhizal Pinus Halepensis Plants in Response to Drought

A. Morte, G. Díaz, P. Rodríguez, J.J. Alarcón, M.J. Sánchez-Blanco

Biologia plantarum 44:263-267, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1010207610974

Mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal Pinus halepensis plants were subjected to water stress by withholding irrigation for four months and then rehydrated for 30 d. Water stress affected plants growth and mycorrhizal association was unable to avoid the effects of drought on plant growth. However, when irrigation was re-established the increase in height, number of shoots, total dry mass, and chlorophyll content in the mycorrhizal plants were greater than in non-mycorrhizal plants. The decrease in soil water content decreased the leaf water potential, leaf pressure potential and stomatal conductance. These decreases were higher for nonmycorrhizal than...

Scheffer, P.R.: The Nature of Disease in Plants

M. Šindelářová

Biologia plantarum 44:268, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1010257021877

Allelopathic Effects of Tree Species on Some Soil Microbial Populations and Herbaceous Plants

X.C. Souto, J.C. Bolaño, L. González, M.J. Reigosa

Biologia plantarum 44:269-275, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1010259627812

The allelopathic potential of four tree species on soil microbial populations and some herbaceous plants (two understory species and one general biotest species) was investigated. Effects of three nonindigenous tree species, Eucalyptus globulus Labill, Pinus radiata D.Don and Acacia melanoxylon R.Br., on microorganisms participating in the cycle of nitrogen were evaluated, comparing them with those produced by the autochthonous Quercus robur L. Influence of the trees on Lactuca sativa L., Dactylis glomerata L. and Trifolium repens L. was also checked in bioassays. Cell numbers of Nitrosomonas...

Mukerji, K.G., Chamola, B.P., Upadhyay, K. (ed.): Biotechnological Approaches in Biocontrol of Plant Pathogens

M. Šindelářová

Biologia plantarum 44:276, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1010209122786

Stimulation of Growth and Nutrient Uptake by VAM Fungi in Brassica Oleracea Var. Capitata

R. Nelson, P.N. Achar

Biologia plantarum 44:277-281, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1010211711882

Cabbage (Brassica oleracea, var. capitata, cv. Hercules) seedlings were inoculated with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi Glomus fasciculatum, G. aggregatum, and G. mosseae. Differential efficiency in mycorrhizal colonization and the specificity of fungal symbiont to stimulate the growth and nutrient uptake of the host were observed. In addition, there was an increase in phenol, protein, reducing sugar contents, and peroxidase activity in the VAM inoculated seedlings. Since these compounds are known to confer resistance against fungal pathogens, the use of VAM as a biological control agent to protect cabbage...

Strnad, M., Peč, P., Beck, E. (ed.): Advances in Regulation of Plant Growth and Development

M. Kamínek

Biologia plantarum 44:282, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1010213206856

Endopeptidases of Triticale Seeds

W. Bielawski, B. Prabucka

Biologia plantarum 44:283-288, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1010263728721

The changes in endopeptidase activity in different parts of germinating triticale cv. Malno were investigated. Haemoglobin, gliadin, azocasein and azoalbumin were used as substrates. During the first day of germination the activity of haemoglobin hydrolyzing endopeptidases predominated while after the second day, mainly in the endosperm, a rapid increase in endopeptidases activity preferring gliadin hydrolysis was observed. In all the investigated tissues azocaseinolytic activities increased with the successive days of germination. Similar changes were observed using azoalbumin with one exception: in the embryo axis this activity decreased with the...

Influence of Water Stress on Water Relations, Photosynthetic Parameters and Nitrogen Metabolism of Moth Bean Genotypes

B.K. Garg, S. Kathju, U. Burman

Biologia plantarum 44:289-292, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1010215812791

Effects of water stress at pre-flowering stage were studied in three genotypes (RMO-40, Maru moth and CZM-32 E) of moth bean [Vigna aconitifolia (Jacq.) Marechal]. Increasing water stress progressively decreased plant water potential, leaf area, net photosynthetic rate, starch and soluble protein contents and nitrate reductase activity while contents of reducing sugars, total soluble sugar, free amino acids and free proline progressively increased. Significant genotypic differences were observed and genotype CZM-32-E displayed a better drought tolerance than other genotypes.

Sago: An Alternative Cheap Gelling Agent for Potato In Vitro Culture

P.S. Naik, D. Sarkar

Biologia plantarum 44:293-296, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1010267929629

Sago, a processed (gelatinized) edible starch, was successfully used as a gelling agent in culture medium. The efficacy of sago-gelled (80 g dm^-3) medium was studied in ten potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) genotypes during micropropagation and minimal growth conservation. Sago starch provided a firm gelling surface throughout the entire culture period, and fostered optimum plantlet growth in terms of shoot height, number of nodes per plant, number of leaves and fresh mass. No softening of the sago-gelled medium occurred over prolonged (six months) storage. The study showed that sago starch could be used as a substitute to agar in culture...

Changes in Proteins and RNA during Storage of Curcuma Longa L. Rhizome

M. Jayakumar, M. Eyini, K. Lingakumar, G. Kulandaivelu

Biologia plantarum 44:297-299, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1010220013700

Changes in RNA and protein contents, and protein profiles were studied in the rhizomes of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) from the day of harvest to the commencement of sprouting. Protein and RNA contents increased gradually in the initial stages and rapidly in the final stages of storage period. SDS-PAGE analysis of storage proteins revealed synthesis of 56, 52 and 47 kDa proteins during the later stages of storage with concomitant disintegration of 23 and 18 kDa proteins.

Foster, G.D., Taylor, S.C. (ed.): Plant Virology Protocols. Methods in Molecular Biology. Vol. 81

L. Burketová

Biologia plantarum 44:300, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1010265223694

Seed Germination of Triglochin Maritima as Influenced by Salinity and Dormancy Relieving Compounds

M.A. Khan, I.A. Ungar

Biologia plantarum 44:301-303, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1010272030538

Triglochin maritima had only 40 % germination in distilled water, but germination was substantially enhanced when seeds were exposed to ethephon, fusicoccin, proline, kinetin, and thiourea. Also, the effect of low salinity on germination was alleviated by fusicoccin, kinetin, nitrate and thiourea, whereas, the reduction in germination at high salinity was partially countered by ethephon, kinetin, thiourea and nitrate.

Pessarakli, M. (ed.): Handbook of Plant and Crop Stress

J. Šantrůček

Biologia plantarum 44:304, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1010217307765

Culture Conditions Affect Colonization of Watermelon by Colletotrichum Orbiculare

V.M. Russo, B.M. Russo, B. Cartwright

Biologia plantarum 44:305-307, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1010224131447

Area of lesions produced by Colletotrichum orbiculare on watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) seedlings was not affected by amount of culture medium on which the fungus was grown, and decreased as length of time the fungus was in culture increased. Internal integrity of C. orbiculare spores appeared degraded, and this was coincident with decreases in lesion area.

Bowles, E.A.: My Garden in Summer

F. Šrámek

Biologia plantarum 44:308, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1010269324603

Assessment of the Allelopathic Potential of Ageratum Conyzoides

H. Kato-Noguchi

Biologia plantarum 44:309-311, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1010228232355

The allelopathic potential of Ageratum conyzoides, which is one of the most dominant weeds in upland-crop areas of Southeast Asia, was investigated under laboratory conditions. The residue obtained from an aqueous acetone extract of the plant shoots inhibited the germination and the growth of roots and shoots of Amaranthus caudatus, Digitaria sanguinalis and Lactuca sativa. The concentration-dependent responses of the test plants suggest that the residue of Ageratum conyzoides might contain allelochemical(s).

Iron Deficiency Induced Changes on Electron Transport Rate in Pisum Sativum Chloroplasts

K. Muthuchelian, M. Bertamini, N. Nedunchezhian

Biologia plantarum 44:313-316, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1010232316425

Iron deficiency induced decrease in the rate of whole electron transport chain in chloroplasts of pea (Pisum sativum L.). Such reduction was mainly due to the loss of photosystem (PS) 2 activity. The same result was obtained when the ratio of variable to maximum chlorophyll fluorescence (F_v/F_m) was evaluated. The loss in PS 2 activity was primarily due to a loss of 33, 23 and 17 kDa polypeptides. In contrast, iron deficiency induced the synthesis of 28 and 29 kDa polypeptides.

Biodegradation of Trichloroacetic Acid in Norway Spruce/Soil System

S.T. Forczek, M. Matucha, H. Uhlířová, J. Albrechtová, K. Fuksová, H.P. Schröder

Biologia plantarum 44:317-320, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1010284317334

Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) belongs to secondary atmospheric pollutants affecting the forest health. Distribution of [1,2-¹⁴C]TCA-residues and TCA biodegradation were investigated in 4-year-old nursery-grown trees of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] in the whole plant/soil system. Radioactivity was monitored in needles, wood, roots and soil as well as in the air. During two weeks of exposure TCA was continuously degraded, especially in the soil. Estimates of radioactivity balance showed loss of radioactivity into the atmosphere in the form of ¹⁴CO₂; unincorporated [1,2-¹⁴C]TCA, chloroform, carbon...