Effect of Benzyladenine and Indolebutyric Acid on Ultrastructure, Glands Formation, and Essential Oil Accumulation in Lavandula Dentata Plantlets

C. Sudriá, J. Palazón, R. Cusidó, M. Bonfill, M.T. Piñol, C. Morales

Biologia plantarum 44:1-6, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1017998800224

Lavandin (Lavandula dentata) axillary buds were grown in Linsmaier-Skoog (LS) medium solidified with 10 % bactoagar (control) and supplemented with 0.1 mg dm^-3 benzyladenine (BA), 0.1 mg dm^-3 indolebutyric acid (IBA) or both plant growth regulators. In the studied conditions the axillary buds developed into plantlets. The addition of BA inhibited the formation of glands by 44 % as compared with the control plantlets and also inhibited their development: these plantlets had the highest number of unbroken glands (in pre-secretory state) when compared with plantlets grown in the other conditions. The presence of BA stimulated...

Efficient In Vitro Micropropagation and Regeneration of Humulus Lupulus on Low Sugar, Starch-Gelrite Media

I. Smýkalová, M. Ortová, H. Lipavská, J. Patzak

Biologia plantarum 44:7-12, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1017901817063

Several Czech and foreign hop mericlones were tested in vitro for efficiency of green callus formation and plant regeneration from internodal or nodal explants. Modified MS media gelled either with agar, starch or a mixture of potato starch and Gelrite, supplemented with different concentrations of either glucose or maltose, were investigated. Two mericlones of Czech hop (Osvald 72 no. 5216 and Sládek no. 6908) were studied in more details because of their different regeneration capacities. The HPLC analysis of medium sugar concentrations after the explant cultivation has revealed slow uptake of sugar from the medium. Presence of glucose...

Role of Amino Acids in Evolution of Ethylene and Methane, and Development of Microshoots in Cajanus Cajan

G.V. Sudarsana, R. Chandra, R. Polisetty

Biologia plantarum 44:13-18, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1017953801133

In pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.) shoot buds were induced when cotyledonary node explants were supplemented with benzylaminopurine (BAP; 2 mg dm^-3). When 0.1 mg dm^-3 BAP and 0.01 mg dm^-3 naphtahalene acetic acid were supplemented to the medium, the 34 - 35 % of induced buds developed to microshoots. By supplementing amino acids like proline, glutamine, asparagine and L-cysteine, shoot bud development to microshoots was enhanced at least by two fold. Amongst the amino acids proline gave maximum number of microshoots per explant. With increase in concentration of amino acids, fresh mass increased but microshoot number...

Effect of Some Antibiotics on the In Vitro Morphogenetic Response from Callus Cultures of Coryphantha Elephantidens

B.S. Bhau, A.K. Wakhlu

Biologia plantarum 44:19-24, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1017905917971

The effect of five antibiotics: carbenicillin, chloramphenicol, cefotaxime, kanamycin and hygromycin on the organogenesis from callus cultures of Coryphantha elphantidens (Lem.) Lem. have been studied. Carbenicillin and cefotaxime stimulated shoot regeneration from callus. All antibiotics under study suppressed rooting of in vitro formed shoots. After five sequential subcultures on kanamycin supplemented medium, antibiotic resistant callus was obtained. To study the impact of kanamycin on resistant callus, total protein content was also studied. Selected callus showed a remarkable increase in callus mass. Antibiotic resistant plants have...

Effect of Heat Shock Treatment on Hordeum Vulgare Protoplast Transformation Mediated by Polyethylene Glycol

V.K. Tiwari, J. Zhang, T.J. Golds, E.C. Cocking, M.R. Davey, J.B. Power

Biologia plantarum 44:25-31, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1017957902042

The stable transformation of barley protoplasts has been observed in cv. Dissa by PEG-mediated pGL2 plasmid DNA uptake containing hygromycin phosphotransferase (hph) gene under the control of 35S transcript of CaMV. Hygromycin resistant colonies were obtained, when protoplasts were incubated with hygromycin B (25 μg cm^-3) at 3 - 4 cell stage. Heat shock treatment, prior to polyethylene glycol (PEG) treatment, markedly increased the protoplast transformation frequency. The presence of active hph gene product, and integration of hph gene was confirmed by hygromycin assay and Southern blotting, respectively. Analysis...

Bryant, J.A., Burrell, M.M., Kruger, N.J. (ed.): Plant Carbohydrate Biochemistry

N. Wilhelmová

Biologia plantarum 44:32, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1017967631601

Protein Changes Associated with Adventitious Root Formation in Hypocotyls of Pinus Radiata

M. Li, D.W.M. Leung

Biologia plantarum 44:33-39, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1017910018880

The changes in soluble proteins associated with adventitious root formation in hypocotyls of radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) were studied using one- and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Protein content decreased during the first day after root excision, and kept decreasing till the end of the time course under non-rooting conditions, i.e., on medium without growth regulators, with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) + kinetin, or with kinetic alone. During adventitious root initiation in response to IBA, however, the protein content began to increase from day 1 to its maximum at day 7, coinciding with the early stage of...

Hadidi, A., Khetarpal, R.K., Koganezawa, H. (ed.): Plant Virus Disease Control

L. Burketová

Biologia plantarum 44:40, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1017919715671

Activities of Antioxidant Enzymes during Senescence of Prunus Armeniaca Leaves

F. Scebba, L. Sebastiani, C. Vitagliano

Biologia plantarum 44:41-46, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1017962102950

During the period of senescence of apricot leaves changes in photosynthetic pigment contents and in the activities of some antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase) were analysed. Significant changes in pigment contents were, in most cases, correlated with changes in activities of the antioxidant enzymes. Modifications in superoxide dismutase and catalase isoform patterns were also observed during the progression of senescence. Both enzyme activities and isoenzyme patterns proved to be genotype-dependent.

Maternal Inheritance of Chloroplast DNA in Interspecific Crosses of Bromus

M. Pillay, K.C. Armstrong

Biologia plantarum 44:47-51, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1017914219789

Inheritance of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) was examined in 41 F₁ progeny obtained from the following interspecific Bromus crosses: Bromus arvensis (2n = 14) × B. inermis (2n = 4x = 28); B. arvensis × B. inermis (2n = 8x = 56); B. arvensis × B. erectus (2n = 6x = 42); B. arvensis × B. erectus (2n = 8x = 56); B. arvensis × B. erectus (2n = 10x = 70). Chloroplast DNA of the parental species was digested with BamHI, EcoRI and HindIII and species-specific restriction fragment length polymorphisms were identified by observation of ethidium bromide stained...

Martins-Loução, M.A., Lips, S.H. (ed.): Nitrogen in a Sustainable Ecosystem. From the Cell to the Plant

L. Nátr

Biologia plantarum 44:52, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1017971716580

Heat Stress and Spermidine: Effect on Chlorophyll Fluorescence in Tomato Plants

A. Murkowski

Biologia plantarum 44:53-57, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1017966203859

Two tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) cultivars: Robin (tolerant) and Roma (sensitive to heat stress) were studied. Chlorophyll fluorescence induction parameters (F_v/F_p, A_max, and Rfd) at 25 °C showed that the PS2 activity was similar for both cultivars. The parameters, measured at 38 °C, decreased in both cultivars, but more in cv. Roma. Exogenous application of 4 mM spermidine improved the plant heat-resistance in both cultivars, and especially in cv. Roma. Analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence changes during linear increase in temperature showed that cv. Robin plants have higher ability to hardening and higher...

Nátr, L.: Koncentrace CO₂ a rostliny

J. Pospíšilová

Biologia plantarum 44:58, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1017975917488

Cadmium-Induced Changes in Leaf Epidermes, Photosynthetic Rate and Pigment Concentrations in Cajanus Cajan

T. Khudsar, Mahmooduzzafar, M. Iqbal

Biologia plantarum 44:59-64, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1017918320697

Application of different concentrations of cadmium [5, 10, 15, 25 and 50 μg(CdCl₂) g^-1(soil d.m.)] markedly affected leaves of Cajanus cajan (Linn.) Huth. Due to increased Cd content in leaves, stomatal density and size on abaxial epidermis, and the size of stomatal aperture and length and density of trichomes on both leaf epidermes decreased significantly in the treated plants. Net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance were reduced significantly at each concentration of cadmium, whereas reduction in intercellular carbon dioxide concentration was significant at 10 μg Cd onwards. The contents of chlorophyll...

Hydraulic Conductance and Stomatal Sensitivity to Changes of Leaf Water Status in Six Deciduous Tree Species

K. Aasamaa, A. Sõber

Biologia plantarum 44:65-73, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1017970304768

The relationship between shoot hydraulic conductance (L) and stomatal sensitivity to changes in leaf water status was studied in the saplings of six deciduous tree species. L increased significantly in sequence: Acer platanoides < Tilia Cordata < Padus avium = Quercus robur < Salix caprea = Populus tremula. L was higher in the trees grown in soil with a higher nitrogen content and lower in the trees grown under mild water stress or kept in darkness for several days. L was higher in July than in September in all the species. L correlated positively with maximum photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and...

Wilkinson, R.E. (ed.): Plant-Environment Interactions

J. Pospíšilová

Biologia plantarum 44:74, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1017980018397

Effect of Benzylaminopurine on Rehydration of Bean Plants after Water Stress

J. Rulcová, J. Pospíšilová

Biologia plantarum 44:75-81, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1017922421606

The possibility of improving the recovery of plant photosynthesis after water stress by cytokinin-induced stimulation of stomatal opening or delay of leaf senescence was tested. The 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) in concentrations 1 and 10 μM was applied to the substrate (sand + nutrient solution) or sprayed on primary leaves of 14-d-old Phaseolus vulgaris L. plants sufficiently supplied with water or water-stressed for 4 d. The later ones having relative water content decreased to 69 % were fully rehydrated during the following three days. Parameters of photosynthesis and water relations were measured in primary leaves of 7-, 10-, 14-, and 17-d-old...

Erhardt, W., Götz, E., Bödeker, N., Seybold, S.: ZANDER

I. Tichá

Biologia plantarum 44:82, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1017984102467

Changes in Mulberry Leaf Metabolism in Response to Water Stress

P. Barathi, D. Sundar, A. Ramachandra Reddy

Biologia plantarum 44:83-87, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1017974405676

A series of experiments were conducted to characterize the water stress-induced changes in the activities of RuBP carboxylase (RuBPCO) and sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), photosystem 2 activity, and contents of chlorophylls, carotenoids, starch, sucrose, amino acids, free proline, proteins and nucleic acids in mulberry (Morus alba L. cv. K-2) leaves. Water stress progressively reduced the activities of RuBPCO and SPS in the leaf extracts, the chlorophyll content, and PS2 activity in isolated chloroplasts. Plants exposed to drought showed lower content of starch and sucrose but higher total sugar content than control plants. While the soluble...

Clebsch, B.: A Book of Salvias: Sages for Every Garden

J. Štěpánková

Biologia plantarum 44:88, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1017936219305

Comparison of Hexaploid and Tetraploid Wheat Cultivars in their Responses to Water Stress

R.K. Sairam, V. Chandrasekhar, G.C. Srivastava

Biologia plantarum 44:89-94, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1017926522514

We studied the effect of water stress imposed at anthesis and pre-anthesis stages on oxidative stress and antioxidant activity in four wheat cultivars, two hexaploid Triticum aestivum cultivars, drought resistant cv. C 306 and drought susceptible cv. Hira, and two tetraploid cultivars, T. durum cv. A 9-30-1 and T. dicoccum cv. HW 24. Water stress decreased relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI), and increased H₂O₂ and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents as well as activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (Cat) and peroxidase (POX) in all the genotypes at all the stages. Both the tetraploid...

Salt Tolerance in Aquatic Macrophytes: Ionic Relation and Interaction

N.P. Rout, B.P. Shaw

Biologia plantarum 44:95-99, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1017978506585

Effects of seawater salinity (SWS) and pure NaCl on the intracellular contents of Na⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, chlorophylls (Chl) and carotenoids (Car) were studied in three submerged aquatic macrophytes, Hydrilla verticillata, Najas indica and Najas gramenia, which differed in their tolerance to salinity. NaCl resulted in significant increase in Chl/Car ratio in the salt-sensitive H. verticillata and moderately salt-tolerant N. indica, but not in the salt-tolerant N. gramenia. SWS treatment did not result in any significant change in the ratio. The intracellular content...

De Kroon, H., van Groenendael, J. (ed.): The Ecology and Evolution of Clonal Plants

J. Štěpánek

Biologia plantarum 44:100, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1017988203376

Heterogeneity of Maize Root Mitochondria from Plants Grown in the Presence of Ammonium

V. Hadži-Tašković Šukalović, M. Vuletić

Biologia plantarum 44:101-104, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1017930623423

Mitochondria isolated from root tissue of maize plants grown on a modified Knop solution containing 10.9 mM nitrate ± 7.2 mM ammonium were purified on the discontinuous Percoll density gradient with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) added. The presence of PVP allowed separation of several mitochondrial fractions of a different density. Contrary to mitochondria isolated from plants grown in the presence of nitrate alone, revealing only two fractions, the mitochondria from NH₄⁺/NO₃^--plants were distributed in four fractions. Total amount of mitochondria, as well as specific activities of some nitrogen metabolism...

Effects of Copper on Root Growth, Cell Division, and Nucleolus of Zea Mays

W. Jiang, D. Liu, X. Liu

Biologia plantarum 44:105-109, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1017982607493

The effects of different concentrations (10^-5 - 10^-2 M) of copper sulfate on root growth, cell division and nucleoli in root tip cells of Zea mays L. were investigated. 10^-5 M Cu stimulated root growth, but at higher concentrations (10^-4 - 10^-2 M) inhibited it. Cu had toxic effects on chromosomal morphology: c-mitosis, anaphase bridges, and chromosome stickiness were induced. Some nuclei had irregular shape and particles extruded from nucleoli to nuclei and finally from the nuclei into the cytoplasm.

Sukopp, H., Numata, M., Huber, A. (ed.): Urban Ecology as the Basis of Urban Planning

J. Štěpánek

Biologia plantarum 44:110, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1017940320214

Responses of Phaseolus Vulgaris Chromium and Cobalt Treatments

I.M. Zeid

Biologia plantarum 44:111-115, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1017934708402

The effects of Cr and Co supplied either individually or mixed together in the nutrient solution on seed germination, enzyme activities, photosynthesis, metabolic products, and yield were investigated. Cr and Co reduced germination percentage only at the highest concentration used but markedly decreased radicle growth which might be attributed to depressive effect of Cr and Co on the activity of amylases and subsequent transport of sugars to the embryo axes. Protease activity, on the other hand, increased with the metal treatment. The highest concentration (10^-2 M) tested of both metals was harmful on plant growth, while the low and moderate...

Říha, J., Šubík, R.(ed.): Kaktusy v přírodě. [Cacti in Nature.]

D. Haisel

Biologia plantarum 44:116, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1017992304284

Effect of Cadmium on Soluble Sugars and Enzymes of their Metabolism in Rice

S. Verma, R.S. Dubey

Biologia plantarum 44:117-124, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1017938809311

The effect of cadmium on the content of starch and sugars, and changes in the activities of the enzymes of sugar metabolism were studied in growing seedlings of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars Ratna and Jaya. During a 5- to 20-d exposure at 100 μM or 500 μM Cd(NO₃)₂ in the growth medium an increase in the content of total soluble sugars and reducing sugars, and decrease in the content of non-reducing sugars was observed. Cd-induced increase in the sugar content was greater in shoots than in roots. No definite pattern of changes in starch content or in α-amylase activity was observed. Presence of 100 or 500...

Cell Wall-Bound Phenolic Acid and Lignin Contents in Date Palm as Related to its Resistance to Fusarium Oxysporum

C. El Modafar, E. El Boustani

Biologia plantarum 44:125-130, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1017942927058

The root cell walls of the resistant cultivars of the date palm were more resistant to the action of the cell wall-degrading enzymes (CWDE) of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis than those of the susceptible cultivars. Date palm roots contain four cell wall-bound phenolics identified as p-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid and sinapic acid. The contents of p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid in the resistant cultivars (IKL, SLY, BSTN) were about 2 times higher than those in the susceptible cultivars (BFG, JHL, BSK). The contents of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and sinapic acid in the resistant cultivars...

Effect of Nitrate and Aminoethoxyvinylglycine on Cicer Arietinum L. Nodules

A. Mann, A.S. Nandwal, B.S. Kundu, S. Sheokand, B. Kumar, D. Datta, A. Sheoran

Biologia plantarum 44:131-135, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1017999127966

The chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cv. HC-1 was raised in earthen pots filled with dune sand in screenhouse. At vegetative stage, i.e. 40 - 45 d after sowing, 10, 20 and 40 mM NO₃^- was applied through rooting medium. After 24 h of NO₃^- treatments an ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor, aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) in concentration 5 μM was given. A conspicuous increase in (5 - 9 fold) ethylene evolution in nodules was noticed after NO₃^- treatments. This rise was parallel to the increase in 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) content and ACC oxidase activity. On the...

An Electrophoretic Analysis of the Seed Protein Body Proteins from Pinus Nigra

M. Hajduch, J. Nahálková, J. Hřib, B. Vooková, P. Gemeiner

Biologia plantarum 44:137-140, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1017903312036

Protein bodies (PBs) of European black pine (Pinus nigra Arn.) were isolated from mature seeds. Extracted soluble matrix proteins and crystalloid proteins PBs proteins were investigated by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis in presence and absence of 2-mercaptoethanol. The proteins of molecular masses 16, 17, 18, 61 and 65 kDa were presented only in crystalloid protein samples. Only 15 kDa protein was present in soluble matrix proteins and not in crystalloid proteins. Another protein bands were present in both soluble matrix and crystalloid proteins. 20, 37, 38, 39 and 48 kDa proteins were strongly visible among crystalloid proteins. Bands of 23 and 32...

Amelioration of Negative Effect of Water Stress in Cassia Angustifolia by Benzyladenine and/or Ascorbic Acid

D.V. Singh, G.C. Srivastava, M.Z. Abdin

Biologia plantarum 44:141-143, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1017955328875

The effect of benzyladenine (BA) and ascorbic acid (AA) on relative water content, proline accumulation, net photosynthetic rate (P_N), chlorophyll (Chl) content and nitrate reductase (NR) activity, under sufficient water supply and moisture stress was studied in senna (Cassia angustifolia Vahl.) at seedling, vegetative, flowering and pod formation stages. AA treatment resulted in a higher accumulation of proline at all the stages of growth. Both BA and AA enhanced P_N, Chl content and NR activity, and ameliorate the negative effect of water stress.

Determination of Frost Tolerance in Winter Wheat and Barley at the Seedling Stage

E. Páldi, G. Szalai, T. Janda, E. Horváth, I. Rácz, D. Lásztity

Biologia plantarum 44:145-147, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1017907412945

Detailed studies were made on changes in the quantity of 1.4 MDa rRNA precursor in barley and wheat cultivars with different degrees of frost tolerance. When analysing genotypes with different LT₅₀ values a close negative correlation was found between the quantity of 1.4 MDa molecular mass rRNA precursor and the forst tolerance of the given barley or wheat cultivar. The results suggest that a technique based on low temperature phosphorus incubation at the seedling stage could be suitable for the selection of genotypes on the basis of this character in applied research.

Effect of Elevated CO2 Concentration on Leaf Structure of Brassica Juncea under Water Stress

D.C. Uprety, N. Dwivedi, R. Mohan, G. Paswan

Biologia plantarum 44:149-152, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1017959429783

Study on the effect of elevated CO₂ concentration on leaf structure of Brassica juncea L. cv. Bio-141 (95) under moisture stress revealed, that CO₂ elevated to 600 μmol mol^-1 increased the length of epidermal cel and length of palisade parenchyma cells, and induced larger chloroplasts and more oval shaped starch granules in comparison with plants grown at ambient CO₂ concentration. This increase in structural sink size helped in check feedback inhibition by excessive photoassimilate which was subsequently used to compensate the adverse moisture stress effect in B. juncea leaves.

Effect of Nitrogen and Water Stress on Photosynthesis and Nitrogen Content in Wheat

A. Arora, V.P. Singh, J. Mohan

Biologia plantarum 44:153-155, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1017911513854

The relationships between photosynthesis, leaf nitrogen content and water stress were studied in ten genotypes of wheat differing in the presence of dwarfing genes. Net photosynthetic rate (P_N) was mostly higher at ear emergence stage than at anthesis stage. P_N decreased with water stress (leaf water potential from -2.0 to -2.5 MPa), and with reduced leaf N content in all genotypes studied. Among the various genotypes, single dwarf and wild types showed higher P_N rate and maintained higher leaf N content under different N doses and water supply as compared to the other types studied.

Regeneration of Immature Inflorescences of Barley In Vitro

M. Havrlentová, J. Faragó, M. Nešťáková

Biologia plantarum 44:157-159, 2001 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1017963514762

Two spring barley cultivars, Golden Promise and Galan, were screened for callus induction and shoot regeneration from cultured immature inflorescences. Genotype Galan have better regeneration capacity in in vitro conditions than Golden Promise.