Relation of soil moisture and air conditioning irrigation to plant water balance, growth characteristics and nutrients uptake in rye and wheat

D. P. Singh

Biologia plantarum 20:161-166, 1978 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923618

The results of experiments conducted with autumn rye and summer wheat on sandy loam soil at the Institute for Cereal Production of the Martin-Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg (G.D.R.) have revealed that an increase in soil moisture improved the plant water balance, width of stomata, shoot growth, tiller density, leaf area and growth rate. Net assimilation rate, however, decreased with the increase in soil moisture above 50 per cent water holding capacity. Increased soil moisture improved contents of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus only during early stages of growth, but their uptake was not reduoed at maturity. Air conditioning irrigation proved...

Growth and nutation parameters of primary root of pedunculated oak (Quercus robur L.)

M. Spurný, Radomíra Koutná, Radmila Čížková, Dana Konečná

Biologia plantarum 20:167-172, 1978 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923619

The elongation of primary roots of pedunculated oak (Quercus robur L.), which is associated with nutation oscillations, was registered by a time lapse cinematography. The following characteristics were expressed graphically: relative growth rate [mm h-¹], frequency [rev. h-¹] and amplitudes [mm] of nutation oscillations, their direction and location of nutation curvatures. The growth-oscillation mechanism is interpreted as a part of the geocontrol system of the root and was evaluated on the basis of its physiological efficiency. Comparison of nutation periods showed that the control system of pedunculated oak is three times...

Book review

Ingrid Tichá

Biologia plantarum 20:172, 1978 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923620

The reduction of aldehydes by broad bean and maize alcohol dehydrogenases and a study of the substrate binding to the enzyme protein

Sylva Leblová, M. El Ahmad

Biologia plantarum 20:173-180, 1978 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923621

Alcohol dehydrogenase was prepared from 2-day germinating maize and 3-day germinating broad-bean seeds by ammonium sulphate fractionation of sodium phosphate extracts, chromatography onDEAE cellulose and Sephadex G-200. The activity of the broad beanADH amounted to182 800 units per mg protein, that of maizeADH 79 000 units per mg protein. Besides oxidation of a series of alcohols at pH optimum in the alkaline region and with KM equalling 10-2M, alcohol dehydrogenases isolated from both plants catalyze the reduction of acetaldehyde, n-propanal, n-butanal, isobutanal and crotonal at pH optimum in the neutral region with KM...

Book review

B. Slavík

Biologia plantarum 20:180, 1978 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923622

Comparison ofin vivo activity of L-tryptophan synthas in plants with a low and a high content of L-tryptophan

J. Eder, M. Kutáček, V. Kefeli, KvĚta Vacková, I. Langer

Biologia plantarum 20:181-186, 1978 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923623

The activity of L-tryptophan synthase (TS, E.C.4.2.1.20) was comparedin vivo in seedlings of plants high in L-tryptophan (L-trp) (pea and kohlrabi) and low in this amino acid (maize). In maize the TS was studied both in the normal and in the opaque-2 genotype that forms an endosperm richer in essential amino acids. The activity of TS was determined on the basis of the increase in radioactivity of the chromatographically purified L-trp-¹⁴C, synthetized after vacuum infiltration of L-serine-¹⁴C-(U) and ineubation for 24 h. As regards the TS activity in seedlings, maize is comparable to pea and kohlrabi; in contrast to this...

Free and bound amino acid status in a phryganic (east mediterranean) ecosystem

N. S. Margaris

Biologia plantarum 20:187-192, 1978 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923624

This work is a study on the presence of free and bound (mainly proteins) amino acids at the levels of both the individual plants and the producers of a phryganic ecosystem. Therefore the amount of free and bound amino acids (both quantitatively and qualitatively) is determined during two seasons. As far as the producers (green plants) at the ecosystem level are concerned, the amount of free and bound amino acids was determined for both the above ground (stems, leaves) and the below ground (roots) parts during an annual period. On the basis of the above mentioned measurements it was found that, in a year, 17 and 4 g.m~²of bound and free amino...

Book reviews

Jiřina Slavíková

Biologia plantarum 20:192, 1978 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923625

Differential protein synthesis after red light illuminations in germinating fern spores

Anna H. Nagy, G. Paless, G. Vida

Biologia plantarum 20:193-200, 1978 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923626

The effects of red and far red illuminations were studied in spores of the dark germinatingPteridium aquilinum and that of the light dependently germinatingDryopteris filix-mas. Proteins were analysed by electrophoresis according to their molecular weights. The isoesterases were separated by gel electrofocusing. In both species we found two newly synthesized protein bands, probably controlled by the presence of active phytochrome. One of these seems to be identical, the other is different in the two species. Phytochrome control was also detected in the esterase isoenzyme pattern.

Book review

J. krekule

Biologia plantarum 20:200, 1978 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923627

The effect of chloride on nitrate reductase level, on anaerobic nitrite production, and on nitrate content in excisedPisum sativum L. roots

J. Sahulka

Biologia plantarum 20:201-209, 1978 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923628

The effect was studied of chloride ions, added in the form of different salts, on nitrate reductase (NR) level in excised pea roots, on anaerobic nitrite production in an assay medium lacking both nitrate and n-propanol, on nitrate content in the roots, and on in vivo NR activity determined in an assay medium containing 5% n-propanol. The presence of Cl in nitrate containing nutrient solutions resulted in lower NR levels, however counterions supplied together with Cl tended to modify slightly this general trend. The negative effect of Cl ions was also apparent, when Cl ions were applied before nitrate ions. Anaerobic nitrite production in the medium...

Dinitrogen fixation - acetylene reduction in soybeans during the reproductive growth period

V. Škrdleta, V. Našinec, Alena Hyndráková, Marie Němcová

Biologia plantarum 20:210-216, 1978 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923629

In a greenhouse pot oulture experiment, a dinitrogen (N2) fixing - acetylene reduction activity profile was examined in detail as affected by plant age. Total [μmol C2H4 root-1 h-1] and speoifio nitrogenase [nmol C2H4 (mg nodule d. wt.)-1 min-1] activities peaked 63 days after sowing, near the end of flowering. The nitrogenase activities, nodule dry matter accumulation, top dry matter accumulation, and total nitrogen yield in the top dry matter were found to be highly correlated.

Book reviews

Z. Opatrný, P. Tichý

Biologia plantarum 20:220, 1978 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923631

Book reviews

J. Slavík, Jarmila Solárová

Biologia plantarum 20:228, 1978 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923634

Book reviews

Libuše Pavlová, Jiřina Slavíková, B. Slavík

Biologia plantarum 20:239-240, 1978 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923638

The Influence of hydroxyurea on DNA synthesis and germination of seeds ofAgrostemma githago andVaccaria pyramidata

M. Hecker

Biologia plantarum 20:217-220, 1978 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923630

Application of hydroxyurea to intact seeds ofAgrostemma githago as well asVaccaria pyramidata causes a strong inhibition of radicular³H-thymidine incorporation into DNA, but germination rate is only insignificantly reduced. The seedling development, however, is strongly affected. Consequently, DNA synthesis is not a prerequisite for the radicle protrusion.

Temperature Responses of Seeds inIpomoea pes-tigridis L.

P. Bhati, D. N. Sen

Biologia plantarum 20:221-224, 1978 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923632

Nine categories (a-i) of seeds inIpomoea pes-tigridis showed diverse germination responses at desiccating high temperatures (65 °C). These nine "generative ecotypes" have assured the persistance of their race by producing sets of seeds suitable for a set of temperature conditions in the Indian desert, where high desiccation of seeds is a major natural controlling factor.

Seed Perpetuation inRhynchosia capitata DC

N. K. Sharma, M. M. Sharma, D. N. Sen

Biologia plantarum 20:225-228, 1978 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923633

Rhynchosia capitata possesses a hard seed coat dormancy. Three types of seeds were marked out of this species on the basis of colour and mottling on the seed coat. The three different types behave differently when they were tested for germination.

Interference ofPisum sativum L. root and leaf extracts with nitrite determination

J. Sahtjlka, Ludmila LisÁ

Biologia plantarum 20:229-231, 1978 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923635

Crude extracts ofPisum sativum L. roots interfere with nitrite determination only slightly, boiled root extracts considerably, Crude leaf extracts can interfere with nitrite determination in some cases even more than boiled root extracts. The precipitate of zinc phosphate helps to remove from crude leaf extracts some but not all the interfering material. Heating does not increase the interference in adult leaf extracts but it increases it in the extracts of very youngPisutn sativum leaves.

Effect of abscisic acid on activities of photosystems 1 and 2 in french bean chloroplasts

J. Zima, Z. ŠestÁk

Biologia plantarum 20:232-233, 1978 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923636

Abscisic acid (ABA) had no significant immediate effect on the activities of Photosystems PS 1 (DPIP/Ascorbate → MV) and PS 2 (H2O → K3[Fe(CN)6]), when added during the activity measurements in a final concentration of 10¯4 M to both freshly prepared chloroplasts from primary leaves ofPhaseolus vulgaris L. and chloroplast preparations preincubated with ABA for 22 h. This incubation also did not induce any significant post-effect on PS activities.

Effect of Growth Irradiance on Photosynthesis and Transpiration inPhaseolus vulgaris L.

Z. Šesták, Jarmila Solárová, J. Zima, J. Václavík

Biologia plantarum 20:234-238, 1978 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02923637

In comparison with primary leaves of French bean plants grown under a photon flux density of 100 μeinstein m-2 s-1 (LP), leaves grown under 400 μeinstein m-2 s-1 (HP) were thicker (contained 82 to 104% more dry matter per blade area), had 44 to 48% higher stomatal frequency, 18 to 26% more chlorophyll (a + b) per leaf area unit and 31 to 42% less chlorophyll (a + b) per dry matter unit, 41% higher photosynthetic and 38% higher transpiration rates at light saturation, 33% higher stomatal conductance and 40% higher Photosystem 2 (H2O → K3[Fe(CN)6]) activity of isolated chloroplasts. There were no significant differences in the Photosystem...