Stärkestoffwechsel der mit Kartoffelvirus Y infizierten Tabakpflanzen

L. Šindelář

Biologia plantarum 16:401-405, 1974 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922228

Starch degradation inNicotiana tabacum cv. Samsun infected with PVY was studied with respect to the formation of Glc-6-P which serves as a starting substrate for glycolysis and pentosephosphate cycle. Enhanced activity of these two metabolic pathways at the time of maximal reproduction of the virus requires an increased content of this substrate which is probably produced mainly by the hexokinases. The results of this paper indicate that Gle-1-P, synthesized during starch degradation, is not the main intermediate enabling an enhanced activity of the pentosephosphate cycle, because despite a high starch content in the tissues only a decreased...

Pyruvate metabolism in germinating seeds during natural anaerobiosis

Sylva Leblová, Eva Sinecká, Věra Vaníčková

Biologia plantarum 16:406-411, 1974 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922229

Lactate as well as ethanol is formed in seeds of soybean, maize, pea, bean, lentil and broad-bean in the course of germination during the so-called natural anaerobiosis. After 0 to 30 h of germination a concentration peak of lactate appears. Maximum in ethanol content is found after 40 h. The amount of ethanol is higher big more than one order of magnitude as compared to the amount of lactate. Both products of anaerobiosis occur in germinating seeds irrespective of the type of reserve substances.In contrast to alcohol dehydrogenase lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1. 1. 1. 27) is present in the dry seeds too. Its activity decreases during the first 12...

Biological activity of humus acids isolated from spruce wood decomposed by fungi

V. Tichý, Marcela Čechová

Biologia plantarum 16:412-417, 1974 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922230

Biological activity of humic acid, hymatomelanic acid, lignofulvic acid, and fulvic acids isolated from peat, from spruce wood decomposed by the fungusFomes marginatus(Fr.) Gillet, and from spruce wood decomposed by the fungusPoria cinerascensBres. was tested on cress seedlings (Lepidium sativum L.). The results evaluated by the analysis of variance indicate that humus acids show a high degree of affinity in their biological activity which is a condition for the applicability of the decomposition of wood by fungi as a model of the humus formation. Humic and hymatomelanic acids, products of an advanced step of humification, have...

Effect of gamma-radiation on the growth of primary and "long-term" tissue cultures (Nicotiana tabacum L.)

Z. Opatrný

Biologia plantarum 16:418-425, 1974 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922231

Growth of primary (cv. Wisconsin 38) and long-term (cv. Virginia Bright Italia) tissue cultures obtained fromNicotiana tabacum L. pith was affected by exposure to a single dose of gamma-radiation ranging from 1 to 150 krad. The inhibitory effect was proportional to the applied dose. Changes in the degree of inhibition during the subculture interval were ascertained by quantitative evaluation of the growth response. Primary cultures proved to be several times more radiosensitive than long-term cultures, the capacity to recover from radiation damage of the cultures participating in the resulting manifestation of the effect. The possible reasons...

Detection of urea in cell exudate of blue-green algaNostoc

A. K. Shah, B. S. Vaidya

Biologia plantarum 16:426-429, 1974 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922232

Six to seven-day-oldNostoc sp. strain 221, I.A.R.I. cultures leach out considerable quantity of urea in the culture medium while only detectable quantity of urea was noticed in algae cells.

The effect of 5-azacytidine on the growth and thymidine kinase activity of coleoptile sections ofTriticum

O. Melichar, A. Čihák

Biologia plantarum 16:430-435, 1974 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922233

The growth of coleoptile sections ofTriticum and its stimulation by indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) are inhibited by 5-azacytidine added into the cultivation medium. 50 per cent depression of the elongation was observed at 2×10^-3M 5-azacytidine concentration. Thymidine kinase activity in cell-free extracts prepared from coleoptile sections treated with 5-azacytidine, and caleulated per 10 mg of their wet weight, is increased while IAA administration resulted in its depression. The observed changes in thymidine kinase activity can be explained assuming the different uptake of water due to 5-azacytidine and IAA treatment.

Stimulation of the formation of fruiting bodies of the fungusLentinus tigrinus (Bull.) Fr. by growth regulators

Z. Sladký, V. Tichý

Biologia plantarum 16:436-443, 1974 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922234

Growth regulators, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA₃), and kinetin (KIN), were used in different concentrations to stimulate the initiation and further development of the fruiting bodies of the fungusLentinus tigrinus. Vegetative mycelium of the fungus was cultivated on cellulose cylinders soaked with a synthetic nutrient solution or with a 3% malt extract. When the mycelium covered the surface of the cylinders, further cultivation was carried out in graduated concentrations of the growth regulators mentioned above. The number of developed fruiting bodies showed that the optimum IAA and GA₃ concentrations...

The properties of a few isolates of the sour cherry necrotic ringspot virus

Katarína Paulechová, Helena Baumgartnerová

Biologia plantarum 16:444-449, 1974 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922235

Results of the investigation of four isolates of the sour cherry necrotic ringspot virus are presented in this paper. The isolates used caused characteristic symptoms on woody indicators "Bing", "Montmorency", F 12/1, and on peach seedlings. The virus was transmitted mechanically to some herbaceous species:Antirrhinum majus, Cucumis sativus, Cucurbita maxima, Chenopodium quinoa Crotalaria juncea, Momordica balsamina, Petunia hybrida andLeonorus sibiricus. The attempts to transmit the virus mechanically to further 23 herbaceous species were unsuccessful. The thermal inactivation point of the virus lies between 46 and 58°C and the dilution...

Organogenesis in isolated carnation plant callus tissue cultivatedin vitro

Eva Petrů, Z. Landa

Biologia plantarum 16:450-453, 1974 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922236

Formation of stems both in callus tissue isolated from hypocotyl and in apical meristems culture of carnation plants (Dianthus caryophyllus L. ev. "Grenadin white, yellow, scarlet red, dark red and pink") was evokedin vitro using chemically defined medium. The rooted stems were transferred into pots and cultivated under natural conditions.

Effect of zinc on the biosynthesis of indole glucosinolates glucobrassicin and neoglucobrassicin in etiolated seedlings of rape (Brassica napus var. arvensis (Lam.) Thell)

V. Jiráček, M. Kutáček, S. Salkade, J. Koštíř

Biologia plantarum 16:454-461, 1974 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922237

The effect of Zn²⁺ ions (in the form of ZnCl₂) in the ceoncentration range 10^-3 to 10^-6 M on the content and biosynthesis of indole glucosinolates glucobrassicin and neoglucobrassicin has been studied on etiolated seedlings of rape (Brassica napus var.arvensis(Lam.) Thell). In the "long-term" experiment zine ions influenced the seedlings during eight days of germination, whereas in the "short-term" experiment zinc ions acted only 72 h on seven days old intact seedlings. The biosynthesis of indole glucosinolates has been followed by the incorporation of³⁵S from Na₂³⁵SO₄...

Effect of copper on the content and the biosynthesis of indole glucosinolates glucobrassicin and neoglucobrassicin in etiolated rape seedlings (Brassica napus var. arvensis (Lam.) Thell.)

V. Jiráček, M. Kutáček, S. Salkade, J. Koštiř

Biologia plantarum 16:462-468, 1974 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922238

The influence of Cu²⁺ ions (in the form of CuCl₂) in the concentration range 10^-3 to 10^-6 M on the content and biosynthesis of indole glucosinolates glucobrassicin and neoglucobrassicin has been studied on etiolated seedlings of rape (Brassica napus var.arvensis(Lam.) Thell.). Ions Cu²⁺ acted on the seedlings either chronically from the beginning of the germination or acutely, during 3 to 72 h, on seven days old seedlings. The biosynthesis of both glucosinolates was followed by the incorporation of³⁵S from Na₂³⁵SO₄ into them in hypocotyl...

Book reviews

Ingrid Tichá, J. Čatský

Biologia plantarum 16:479-480, 1974 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922243

Intracapitular cypsele dimorphism and dormancy inBidens bipinnata

K. M. M. Dakshini, S. K. Aggarwal

Biologia plantarum 16:469-471, 1974 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922239

InBidens bipinnata, a common composite inhabiting mostly gravelly or rocky habitats, two cypsele types are found within a single capitulum. These dimorphic cypsele types differ in their dormancy periods. Evolutionary implications of this differential intracapitular cypsele dormancy are discussed.

Production of buds and plantlets from the stamen's filament ofLilium regale cultivatedin vitro

J. Montezuma-de-Carvalho, Maria Ludovina L. Guimarães

Biologia plantarum 16:472-473, 1974 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922240

Excised stamens ofLilium regale were grownin vitro. From the cut end of the filament a callus is produced and from it several buds and plantlets arise.

Pear decline accompanied with mycoplasmalike organisms in Czechoslovakia

C. Blattný, V. Váňa

Biologia plantarum 16:474-475, 1974 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922241

There in Czechoslovakia is for the first time described the occurance of the disease "pear decline", which is typical with small leaves, sparse foliage, reddening of the leaves and quick or slow decline of the diseased trees. There in the roots of the diseased trees mykoplasmalike organisms were found.

Mycoplasmalike organisms inVaccinium myrtillus L. infected with blueberry witches broom

C. Blattný, V. Váňa

Biologia plantarum 16:476-478, 1974 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02922242

We confirm Kegler's et al. (1973) finding of MLO in blueberries diseased with witches broom described by Blattný and Starý (1940) as a virus disease. MLO, 150-700 nm in diameter were found sporadically in the etiolated underground parts of the shoots and in the roots, especially in sieve tubes and floem-parenchyma.