ATP-and NADH-dependent membrane potential generation in plasmalemma enriched vesicles from parenchyma of dormant and non-dormant jerusalem artichoke tubers

G. Pétel, M. Gendraud

Biologia plantarum 35:161, 1993 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925932

Using a membrane potential probe, Oxonol VI, it was possible to demonstrate generation of ATP- and NADH-dependent membrane potential across the plasmalemma, with membrane vesicles derived from parenchyma cells of Jerusalem artichoke tubers(Helianthus tuberosus L.). It was shown that ATP- and NADH-dependent membrane potential generation was higher in dormant material than in non-dormant tissue and that the effects of ATP and NADH on membrane potential generation were additive. ATP-dependent potential generation was sensitive to vanadate, an inhibitor of plasmalemma ATPase activity. The results are discussed in relation to the properties of the...

Book review

Z. ŠEsták

Biologia plantarum 35:167, 1993 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925933

Interspecific hybridization inBrassica: Application of flow cytometry for analysis of ploidy and genome composition in hybrid plants

P. S. Sabharwal, J. Doležel

Biologia plantarum 35:169-177, 1993 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925934

Interspecific hybrids from the crosses betweenBrassica campestris, B. carinata, B. juncea andB. napus were obtained throughin vitro ovary and ovule culture. F₁ hybrids were studied morphologically and flow cytometry was used to estimate 2C nuclear DNA content both in parentalBrassica species and their hybrids. It was found that in comparison with the A genome, the B and the C genomes ofBrassica contained 26.9 % and 43.9 % more DNA, respectively. This finding may be used to distinguish interspecific hybrids containing various genome combinations. It was concluded that flow cytometric analysis of nuclear...

Book review

Z. Šesták

Biologia plantarum 35:177, 1993 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925935

Some factors affecting somatic embryogenesis efficiency in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)

M. Griga

Biologia plantarum 35:179, 1993 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925936

Selected factors affecting somatic embryogenesis efficiency have been studied, namely genotype, explant type and its orientation in the medium, different basal media, different auxins for somatic embryo induction, and two ways of donor plant cultivation. The key role is played by genotype and auxin used, the minimum effect was observed due to basal media. In the series of subsequent experiments we have found the best combination of individual factors as follows: cv. Altona, 10 uM 2,4-D, L2 basal medium, central part of immature cotyledon as initial expiant oriented by adaxial side down on the agar medium, and field grown donor plants. This combination...

Book review

I. Tichá

Biologia plantarum 35:189, 1993 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925937

High level of endogenous cytokinins in transgenic potato plantlets limits photosynthesis

J. Čatský, J. Pospíšilová, I. Macháčková, H. Synková, N. Wilhelmová, Z. Šesták

Biologia plantarum 35:191, 1993 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925938

Introduction of the gene for cytokinin synthesis into potato genome lead to a manifold increase in the level of cytokinins (zeatin, zeatin riboside, isbpentenyl-adenine, isopentenyladenosine) in plantlets grownin vitro.The increasing cytokinin level was associated with increasing tendency to teratoma formation, to decreasing leaf net photosynthetic rate and to increasing dark and light respiration rates and CO₂ compensation concentration. During plantlet (or teratoma) ontogeny, net photosynthetic rate increased simultaneously with the decrease in cytokinin level. High level of endogenous cytokinins was associated also with lower photochemical...

Modification of cultivar-specific regeneration capacity of potato expiants by phytohormones and byAgrobacterium oncogenes

J. Ovesná, I. Burdová, L. Křížková, Z. Opatrný

Biologia plantarum 35:199-208, 1993 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925939

To overcome low, genotype dependent regeneration capacity of some commercially important potato cultivars, two alternative treatments of stem primary expiants were employed: modification of the hormonal composition of inductive MS medium and insertion of someAgrobacterium oncogenes. A replacement of 6-BAP with zeatin in the inductive MS medium stimulated bud/shoot formation in only two of three tested cultivars with naturally low regeneration capacity. GA₃ did not affect the bud initiation phase (i.e. regeneration capacity of cultivars), it only stimulated shoot development. The insertion of some bacterial oncogenes (in particular...

Effect of auxins and cytokinins on plant regeneration from hypocotyls and cotyledons in niger (Guizotia abyssinica Cass.)

T. R. Ganapathi, K. Nataraja

Biologia plantarum 35:209-215, 1993 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925940

Tissue cultures were established from hypocotyl and cotyledonary leaf segments ofGuizotia abyssinica Cass. on MS medium supplemented with various concentrations of auxins (IAA, NAA, IBA or 2,4-D) and cytokinins (KN or BA). Expiants cultured on media with cytokinins or in combination with auxins produced shoot buds. Maximum number of shoot buds (20-25 per culture) were differentiated from cotyledonary leaf segments on medium with 2 mg 1^-1 each of KN and IBA. Rooting of regenerated shoot buds was acheived on medium with NAA. The obtained plantlets were successfully transferred to soil.

Book review

I. Tichá

Biologia plantarum 35:215, 1993 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925941

Comparison of agar and microcrystal cellulose as gelling agents forin vitro culture ofNicotiana tabacum stem expiants

N. Gorinova, A. Atanasov, K. Alexandrova, R. Velkova, A. Kasachka

Biologia plantarum 35:217-221, 1993 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925942

Investigation was made on a use of microcrystal cellulose as a new and inexpensive gelling agent instead of agar. Microcrystal cellulose in concentration 20 % forms a suitable structure of nutrient medium for in vitro cultivation. The higher humidity in the culture container with microcrystal cellulose causes partial vitrification of Nicotiana tabacum L. plants, cv. Zlatna arda. It is proved by reduced chlorophyll content, changes in protein synthesis and strongly reduced isoenzyme spectrum of peroxidase.

Book review

Z. ŠEsták

Biologia plantarum 35:222, 1993 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925943

The effect of ionizing irradiation on the tissue culture ofCoronilla varia

J. Dušková, M. Sovová, J. Dušek, Z. Opatrný, L. Opletal

Biologia plantarum 35:223-228, 1993 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925944

Long-term callus cultures of crownvetch (Coronilla varia L.) grown on the Murashige and Skoog's medium with 2,4-D (1 mg 1^-1) and cultures of somatic embryos cultivated on the same basic medium but with IAA (1.0 mg I^-1) were exposed to ionizing irradiation. The irradiation caused a growth inhibition excepting the lowest dose of 2.5 Gy. The highest dose of 160 Gy induced browning of the culture but this colour change was not lethal. The amount of "giant cells" present in both cultures was dependent on the dose of irradiation.

Coleoptile removal-induced ethylene production in winter rye seedlings

G. Ievinsh, V. Iljin, O. Kreicbergs

Biologia plantarum 35:229, 1993 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925945

Coleoptile removal-induced ethylene production was investigated in light-grown winter rye seedlings. Removal of the coleoptile induced 1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthesis and ethylene production by primary leaves and caused an inhibition of elongation growth of the leaves. The activity of ethylene-forming enzyme (EFE) was associated with the increase in ethylene evolution. Both rise in ethylene and ACC production, as well as EFE activity were inhibited by cycloheximide. Wounding the tissue 40 min after the initial treatment resulted in the second increase in ethylene evolution. Derooting of the seedlings without coleoptile removal...

Role of calcium and calmodulin antagonist in photosynthesis and salinity tolerance inChlorella vulgaris

R. Abdel-Basset

Biologia plantarum 35:237-244, 1993 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925946

To cast light upon the role of Ca¹⁺ and calmodulin on photosynthetic rate (P_n), dark respiration (R_D) and amino acid and protein contents in salinity stressed and non-stressedChlorella cultures, the Ca²⁺ chelator EGTA [ethylene glycol-bis-(2-aminoethyl ether)-N,N- tetraacetate] and the calmodulin antagonist TFP (trifluperazine) were used. TFP markedly inhibited P_N while EGTA exerted a slight, if any, effect on P_N. NaCl tolerance, on the other side, was markedly abolished by TFP that inhibited P_N and lowered rate of proline accumulation. Calmodulin might be involved...

Metabolic conversion of exogenous¹⁴C-aspartate and¹⁴C-gIutamate in the dark byFucus serratus L

G. Tremblin, M. Ducher, P. Jolivet, A. Coudret

Biologia plantarum 35:245, 1993 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925947

The rates of uptake of exogenous L[U-¹⁴C] aspartate and glutamate into tissues of vegetative growing tips ofFucus serratus and their metabolism were studied in the dark. In these non-photosynthetic conditions, aspartate was fixed and metabolically converted more rapidly than glutamate. Radioactivity from¹⁴C-aspartate was principally transferred into glutamate. On the other hand, metabolism of absorbed¹⁴C-glutamate was very slow and its rate did not increase during incubation time, but produced more diversified soluble radioactive compounds. Thus inF. serratus, glutamate principally seems to be in the dark...

Effect of gradient of temperature upon flows in the whole maize plant

J. Michalov

Biologia plantarum 35:251, 1993 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925948

Transport of ions in young maize plants was affected by the temperature gradient (gradT). This influence was dependent on the age of plants and the solute concentrations in compartments at the two sides of plants. When gradT was increased, current, volume and heat flows rose during 20 min and then declined. On the other hand, the diffusive flow only declined. The character of the flow changes was given by the changes in permeability and reflection coefficients. In young plants under low solute concentration on both sides of plants, the permeability of the plant tissues shifted from positive to negative values. Under higher solute concentrations on...

Book review

I. Tichá

Biologia plantarum 35:260, 1993 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925949

Transfer cells in the vascular parenchyma of roots

M. Čiamporová

Biologia plantarum 35:261-266, 1993 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925950

Structural adaptations to increased transport activities were investigated in the cells of vascular parenchyma at the site of the lateral root junction, in non-stressed plant roots. Typical transfer cells were differentiated in dicotyledonousHelianthus tuberosus and in two different genotypes ofH. annuus, the cv. IBH166 and a decorative form. In the representatives of monocotyledonous, no structural adaptations occurred in the roots ofHordeum vulgare but small and rare cell wall protuberances were found in xylem and phloem ofZea mays inbred line VIR17. Some degree of cell wall labyrinth differentiation was seen in xylem...

Isolation of sodium chloride tolerant cell lines and plants in finger millet

J. Pius, S. Eapen, L. George, P. S. Rao

Biologia plantarum 35:267, 1993 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925951

Sodium chloride tolerant cell lines of finger millet were isolated from embryogenic cultures growing on MS medium supplemented with picloram (2 mg I^-1), kinetin (0.1 mg l^-1) and sodium chloride (1 %) at the end of 6 passages. The sodium chloride tolerant cell lines showed better growth in comparison with control at all concentrations of sodium chloride tested, with optimum growth at 0.25 % NaCl. When the tolerant lines were grown for 3 passages in absence of NaCl, the growth was lower than that of the tolerant lines tested immediately at the end of 6 passages of selection. NaCl tolerant calli had more Na¹ in comparison...

Book review

E. Masarovičová

Biologia plantarum 35:272, 1993 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925952

Rates of apparent photosynthesis, respiration and dry matter accumulation in maize canopies

Dong Shuting, Hu Changhao, Gao Rongqi

Biologia plantarum 35:273-277, 1993 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925953

The rates of canopy apparent photosynthesis (P_C) and canopy respiration (R_c) were studied during vegetation season in two erectophile and two planophile hybrids of maize (Zea mays L.) grown at two canopy densities [7.5 plants m^-2 (HD) and 4.5 plants m^-2 (LD)]. Large differences in P_C, R_c, R_C/P_C, leaf area index (LAI), dry matter accumulation and grain yield were found among hybrids and plant densities. Variations in P_C and R_C were associated mainly with changes in LAI. There was also found change in P_C per unit LAI with time....

Book review

T. Gichner

Biologia plantarum 35:278, 1993 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925954

Nitrogen distribution index ofCajanus cajan L. during drought and rehydration

A. S. Nandwal

Biologia plantarum 35:279, 1993 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925955

Relative competition among various plant parts for N during water stress,i.e. nitrogen distribution index (NDI) was determined in relation to specific nitrogenase activity (SNA) and nodule and soil nitrogen in both indeterminate (H-77-216) and determinate (ICPL-151) types of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.) under greenhouse conditions. Two levels of water stress,i.e. moderate (soil Ψ_w) -0.77 MPa) and severe (soilΨ_w -1.34 MPa) were created by witholding the irrigation at vegetative (40 DAS) and flowering (70 DAS) stages. At vegetative stage under moderate stress the highest NDI was in nodules of cv. H-77-216...

Book review

T. Gichner

Biologia plantarum 35:298, 1993 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925959

Growth and phosphorus uptake ofAtriplex amnicola at different levels of NaCI

K. Mahmood, J. Vanderdeelen, L. Baert

Biologia plantarum 35:285-288, 1993 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925956

Growthof Atriplex amnicola P.G. Wilson was not affected by different levels (10, 100, and 200 mM) of NaCI. Na concentrations in roots and shoots increased significantly at higher levels of NaCI. K/Na ratios in plant parts were higher compared to those in the external solutions, indicating selectivity for K over Na. P uptake, as determined using³²P, was not affected by increasing NaCl in the root medium.

The growth and nodulation ofTrifolium alexandrinum as affected by salinity

J. I. Mirza, R. Tariq

Biologia plantarum 35:289-292, 1993 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925957

The growth and nodulation ofTrifolium alexandrinum were compared at six levels (0 - 1.2 % NaCl) of salinity. Dry mass of shoots and roots, 14 and 20 weeks after the commencement of salinity treatment, increased at low levels of salinity (0.1 - 0.2 % NaCl) but decreased with higher NaCl concentrations (0.4 - 1.2 %). Nodulation occurred at NaCl concentrations up to 0.8 %. Nodule mass decreased with increasing salinity levels. The nodule size remained unaffected at NaCl concentrations up to 0.4 % but was reduced at higher concentrations.

Autotoxic impact of essential oil extracted fromLantana camara L.

R. K. Arora, R. K. Kohli

Biologia plantarum 35:293, 1993 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925958

The effect of crude volatile oils extracted from the young leaves ofLantana camara var.camara was studied on the parent plant itself. The contents of water and chlorophyll, of leaves apart from seed germination, seed vigour and length of seedlings of the parent plant were adversely affected with increasing concentration of theLantana oils; this indicated autotoxic potential of the oil. The correlations between oil concentration and the studied parameters were rather strong and obeyed the concentration response relationship, typical of chemical bases. The cell respiration, however, increased with increasing concentration of the...

Effects of l-alkyl-l-ethylpiperidinium bromide detergents on Mg²⁺-ATPase activity inPhaseolus vulgaris andZea mays

A. Šulková, S. Blanáriková

Biologia plantarum 35:299, 1993 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925960

l-alkyl-l-ethylpiperidinium bromides inhibited light induced Mg²⁺-adenosin-triphosphatase activity of isolated thylakoids in both Phaseolus vulgaris L. and Zea mays L. The short chain detergents (C₅ to C₇) were less effective in maize than in bean.

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity, fixation of¹⁴C in amino acids and nitrogen transport in stem nodules ofSesbania rostrata

S. Sadasivam, P. M. Lakshmi, S. Kannaiyan

Biologia plantarum 35:303, 1993 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925961

Thein vivo ¹⁴CO₂ fixation assay and xylem sap analysis showed that inSesbania rostrata the transport of fixed nitrogen from stem nodules was in the amide form. The majority of nitrogen was transported as asparagine. The close relationship between nodule phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and nitrogenase activities suggested that nodule CO₂ fixation contributed directly to nitrogen assimilation in stem nodules ofS. rostrata.

The effect of chloramphenicol on the growth and xylogenesis in callus ofHaplopappus gradlis

W. Kuternozińska, M. Pilipowicz

Biologia plantarum 35:307-309, 1993 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925962

The effect of chloramphenicol (CP) on the differentiation of callus cells ofHaplopappus gracilis into tracheary elements (TE) was studied. CP (1 mg l^-1) added to the medium stimulating the differentiation was shown to have an inhibitory effect. This observation points to the importance of the impaired functions of mitochondria in the processes leading to the differentiation of callus cells into TE.

Mild mosaic of spiraea caused by cucumber mosaic virus

Z. Polák, H. G. Kontzog

Biologia plantarum 35:311-312, 1993 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02925963

A disease of spiraea(Spiraea xvanhouttei) manifested in leaves by very mild, mostly hardly perceptible mosaic, was found to be caused by cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) infection. The proof was given on the basis of responce of differential plants after virus transmission, by immunosorbent electron microscopy and ELISA.