Efficient regeneration from hypocotyl explants in three cotton cultivars

K. Divya, T. Swathi Anuradha, S. K. Jami, P. B. Kirti

Biologia plantarum 52:201-208, 2008 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-008-0046-z

A high frequency in vitro shoot bud differentiation and multiple shoot production protocol from hypocotyl segments of 8 to 10-d-old seedlings of cotton has been developed. Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium with Nitsch and Nitsch vitamins was found to be optimal in shoot regeneration. A combination of 2 mg dm^-3 thidiazuron and 0.05 mg dm^-3 naphthaleneacetic acid was the most effective for shoot regeneration (76 %) and an average of 10.6 shoots per responding explant. Combination of the cytokinins benzylaminopurine and kinetin induced better regeneration response than their individual treatments. Supplementation of the...

Somatic embryogenesis from immature zygotic embryos and monitoring the genetic fidelity of regenerated plants in grapevine

X. M. Yang, L. Z. An, Y. C. Xiong, J. P. Zhang, Y. Li, S. J. Xu

Biologia plantarum 52:209-214, 2008 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-008-0047-y

Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration were successfully established on Nitsch and Nitsch (NN) medium from immature zygotic embryos of six genotypes of grapevine (Vitis vinifera). The optimum hormone combinations were 1.0 mg dm^-3 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) for callus induction and 1.0 mg dm^-3 α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) + 0.5 mg dm^-3 6-benzyladenine (BA) for embryos production and 0.03 mg dm^-3 NAA + 0.5 mg dm^-3 BA for embryos conversion and plant regeneration. The frequency of somatic embryogenesis varied from 10.5 to 37.5 % among six genotypes and 15.5-42.1 %...

Generation of low copy number and stably expressing transgenic creeping bentgrass plants using minimal gene cassette bombardment

J. Jayaraj, G. H. Liang, S. Muthukrishnan, Z. K. Punja

Biologia plantarum 52:215-221, 2008 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-008-0048-x

A minimal gene cassette comprised of the ubiquitin (Ubi) promoter + green fluorescent protein (Gfp) gene + Nos terminator DNA sequences, derived from the plasmid vector pPZP201-Gfp was utilized for transformation of creeping bentgrass using particle bombardment. Bentgrass calli bombarded individually with equivalent amounts of the cassette or whole plasmid DNA were compared for Gfp expression and the GFP-positive calli were subsequently regenerated into plants. Percentage of GFP expressing calli and the number of GFP spots/calli were significantly higher in calli that were bombarded with the minimal gene cassette...

Cloning and quantification of expression levels of two MADS-box genes from Momordica charantia

S. M. Peng, T. Luo, J. Y. Zhou, B. Niu, N. F. Lei, L. Tang, F. Chen

Biologia plantarum 52:222-230, 2008 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-008-0049-9

MADS-box genes are known to be important for the development of flowers. Two MADS-box genes (MCAG2 and MCAG6) were isolated from the bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) female bud based on the MADS-box conserved sequences. The complete cDNA sequences of MCAG2 and MCAG6 encode a 231 and a 247 amino acid protein, respectively. Sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis showed that MCAG2 and MCAG6 had high identities of amino acid with AG-like and AGL6-like genes, respectively. The alignment of the deduced amino acid sequence of AGL6-like genes revealed that there were two highly...

Phylogenetic analysis of Kengyilia species based on nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer sequences

J. Zeng, L. Zhang, X. Fan, H. Q. Zhang, R. W. Yang, Y. H. Zhou

Biologia plantarum 52:231-236, 2008 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-008-0051-2

Phylogenetic analysis was conducted based on sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA in 17 species of Kengyilia, together with those of 18 species from Pseudoroegneria, Agropyron, Roegneria and Douglasdeweya by the maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and neighbor-joining distance methods. The results indicate that species of Kengyilia had close affinities to species of Douglasdeweya and Agropyron. The species in Kengyilia was identified as two subgroups with regard to geographic distribution, indicating that species from the same distribution had a closer...

Relationships among Leymus species assessed by RAPD markers

R. W. Yang, Y. H. Zhou, C. B. Ding, Y. L. Zheng, L. Zhang

Biologia plantarum 52:237-241, 2008 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-008-0052-1

The DNA genetic diversity of 40 accessions of genus Leymus was analyzed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. A total of 352 products were amplified by 34 10-mer arbitrary primers, among which 337 products (95.74 %) were found to be polymorphic. 5-14 polymorphic bands were amplified by each polymorphic primer, with an average of 9.91 bands. The data of 352 RAPD bands were used to generate Jaccard's similarity coefficients and to construct a dendrogram by means of UPGMA. Great genetic diversity in genus Leymus was observed, the genetic diversity among the different species more abundant than that of the different accessions,...

Molecular cloning of CYP76A3, a novel cytochrome P450 from Petunia hybrida catalyzing the ω-hydroxylation of myristic acid

H. Imaishi, U. Ishitobi

Biologia plantarum 52:242-250, 2008 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-008-0053-0

In higher plants, fatty acid hydroperoxides are intermediates in the synthesis of a diverse group of bioactive compounds. We used the reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction to isolate a gene responsible for the oxidization of fatty acids from Petunia hybrida. A P450 cDNA that has not previously been isolated (CYP76A3) contained an open reading frame predicted to encode a polypeptide consisting of 507 amino acid residues. The cyp76A3 cDNA was expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae AH22 cells under the control of an alcohol dehydrogenase promoter and terminator. The recombinant yeast microsome containing the CYP76A3 hemoprotein...

CONSTANS delays flowering and affects tuber yield in potato

N. D. González-Schain, P. Suárez-López

Biologia plantarum 52:251-258, 2008 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-008-0054-z

CONSTANS (CO) has a central role in the photoperiodic regulation of flowering in Arabidopsis thaliana. We show here that potato (Solanum tuberosum ssp. andigena) plants constitutively expressing Arabidopsis CO (pACo plants) flower late under all photoperiodic conditions tested. Exogenous application of gibberellic acid to pACo plants corrected their short stem phenotype but not their late flowering. To further understand the effect of CO in potato, we used three photoperiodic conditions: short days (SD), which strongly induce tuberisation of wild type plants, SD supplemented with a night break (SD+NB), which are moderately...

Molecular mapping of genomic regions associated with wheat seedling growth under osmotic stress

S. Landjeva, K. Neumann, U. Lohwasser, A. Börner

Biologia plantarum 52:259-266, 2008 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-008-0056-x

A quantitative trait loci (QTL) approach was applied to dissect the genetic control of the common wheat seedling response to osmotic stress. A set of 114 recombinant inbred lines was subjected to osmotic stress from the onset of germination to the 8^th day of seedling development, induced by the presence of 12 % polyethylene glycol. Root, coleoptile and shoot length, and root/shoot length ratio were compared under stress and control conditions. In all, 35 QTL mapping to ten chromosomes, were identified. Sixteen QTL were detected in controls, 17 under stressed conditions, and two tolerance index QTL were determined. The majority of the QTL...

In vivo activity of recombinant human lewis fucosyltransferase III in leaves of Nicotiana tabacum L.

S. Lhernould, P. Labrousse, D. Lejolly, R. Léonard, M. Carlué, G. Costa

Biologia plantarum 52:267-274, 2008 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-008-0057-9

Fucosylation in plants occurs in glycoproteins and polysaccharides but the function of fucosylation is largely unknown. We aimed to analyze the effects of over-expression of human fucosyltransferase III (hFucT III) on in vivo N-glycan accumulation in tobacco plant leaves and focused on comparing the amount of Lewis a (Le^a)-epitope accumulation in transgenic and in wild-type plants. Fucosyltransferase assays, Western blot and mass spectrometry were used to identify, quantify and analyse Le^a N-glycans. We found that constitutive overexpression of hFucT III activity had no effect on Le^a complex type...

Location and prokaryotic expression of low molecular mass glutanin subunit gene 177-21 from Triticum aestivum

F. Chen, Z. Li, Y. Wu, H. Zhang, G. Xia

Biologia plantarum 52:275-280, 2008 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-008-0058-8

To characterize the low molecular mass glutenin subunit gene 177-21 (AY994364) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Jinan 177), we developed a specific PCR primer set to decide its locus with nullisomic-tetrasomic lines of Chinese spring wheat. The result showed that it was assigned to Glu-D3. The DNA fragment of 177-21 was then subcloned into the pGEX-4T-1 expression vector and expressed in E. coli with isopropyl-1-thio-β-D-galactoside induction. The result indicated that this gene encodes about 30 kD polypeptide and deduced amino acid sequence consists of eight cysteine residues. Of the eight, six may be related...

Regulatory phosphorylation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in the leaves of Kalanchoë pinnata, K. daigremontiana and Ananas comosus

V. Theng, S. Agarie, A. Nose

Biologia plantarum 52:281-290, 2008 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-008-0060-1

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.31, PEPC) in the three crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plants: Kalanchoë pinnata, K. daigremontiana and Ananas comosus (pineapple) undergoes regulatory phosphorylation during the dark period. We cloned PEPC kinase gene from two CAM Kalanchoë species using conventional RT-PCR approach. The PEPC kinase transcripts comprise only a protein kinase catalytic domain, encoding 272-276 amino acids with predicted M_r of 30.6-31.0 kDa. The expression of PEPC kinase gene in the Kalanchoë species was abundant at the beginning of dark phase, but that in pineapple cross-hybridized...

Stress-induced degradation of D1 protein and its photoprotection by DCPIP in isolated thylakoid membranes of barley leaf

D. M. Pandey, U. -D. Yeo

Biologia plantarum 52:291-298, 2008 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-008-0061-0

Effects of various stress treatments such as NaCl, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl free radical, and high irradiance (HI, 1 000 µmol m^-2 s^-1) on the photosystem (PS) 2 mediated electron transport rate and the degradation of D1 protein in the thylakoid membranes of barley were studied. The applied stresses caused significant reduction in the PS 2-mediated electron transport and a degradation of D1 protein that was highest during the HI-treatment. Presence of 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol (DCPIP), which is an artificial electron acceptor from water, significantly minimizes the HI-induced deleterious effect on the PS 2-mediated...

Stem CO₂ efflux of a Populus nigra stand: effects of elevated CO₂, fertilization, and shoot size

M. Liberloo, P. De Angelis, R. Ceulemans

Biologia plantarum 52:299-306, 2008 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-008-0063-y

To determine whether long-term growth in elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentration [CO₂] and nitrogen fertilization affects woody tissue CO₂ efflux, we measured stem CO₂ efflux as a function of temperature in three different size classes of shoots of Populus nigra L. (clone Jean Pourtet) on two occasions in 2004. Trees were growing in a short rotation coppice in ambient (370 µmol mol^-1) and elevated (550 µmol mol^-1, realised by a Free Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment system) [CO₂], and measurements were performed during the third growing season of the second rotation....

Water-water cycle involved in dissipation of excess photon energy in phosphorus deficient rice leaves

X. -Y. Weng, H. -X. Xu, Y. Yang, H. -H. Peng

Biologia plantarum 52:307-313, 2008 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-008-0064-x

The water-water cycle which may be helpful for dissipating the excitation pressure over electron transport chain and minimizing the risk of photoinhibition and photodamage was investigated in rice after 10-d P-deficient treatment. Net photosynthetic rate decreased under P-deficiency, thus the absorption of photon energy exceeded the energy required for CO₂ assimilation. A more sensitive response of effective quantum yield of photosystem 2 (Φ_PS2) to O₂ concentration was observed in plants that suffered P starvation, indicating that more electrons were transported to O₂ in the P-deficient leaves. The electron...

Glutathione and phytochelatin contents in tomato plants exposed to cadmium

W. Ben Ammar, C. Mediouni, B. Tray, M. H. Ghorbel, F. Jemal

Biologia plantarum 52:314-320, 2008 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-008-0065-9

The effect of cadmium on growth and contents of glutathione (GSH) and phytochelatins (PCs) were investigated in roots and leaves of tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. 63/5 F1). The accumulation of Cd increased with external Cd concentrations and was considerably higher in roots than in leaves. Dry mass production decreased under Cd treatment especially in leaves. In both roots and leaves, exposure to Cd caused an appreciable decline in GSH contents and increase in PCs synthesis proportional to Cd concentrations in the growth medium. At the same Cd concentration, PCs production was higher in roots than in leaves. The implication...

Induction of pathogenesis-related proteins in sugarcane leaves and cell-cultures by a glycoprotein elicitor isolated from Colletotrichum falcatum

A. Ramesh Sundar, R. Velazhahan, S. Nagarathinam, P. Vidhyasekaran

Biologia plantarum 52:321-328, 2008 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-008-0066-8

The induction of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) leaves and suspension-cultured cells in response to treatment with a glycoprotein elicitor isolated from Colletotrichum falcatum (the red rot pathogen) was investigated. Treatment of leaves and cells with the elicitor resulted in a much marked increase in the activities of chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase in red rot resistant (BO 91) than susceptible (CoC 671) sugarcane cultivar. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that C. falcatum elicitor induced the accumulation of several proteins in suspension-cultured cells of resistant cultivar (BO 91);...

Cryopreservation of cell suspension cultures of Taxus × media and Taxus floridana

K. Škrlep, M. Bergant, G. M. De Winter, B. Bohanec, J. Žel, R. Verpoorte, F. Van Iren, M. Camloh

Biologia plantarum 52:329-333, 2008 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-008-0067-7

Different lines of cell suspension cultures of Taxus × media Rehd. and Taxus floridana Nutt. were cryopreserved with a two-step freezing method using a simple and inexpensive freezing container instead of a programmable freezer. Four to seven days old suspension cell cultures were precultured in growth medium supplemented with 0.5 M mannitol for 2 d. The medium was then replaced with cryoprotectant solution (1 M sucrose, 0.5 M glycerol and 0.5 M dimethylsulfoxide) and the cells incubated on ice for 1 h. Before being plunged into liquid nitrogen, cells were frozen with a cooling rate of approximately -1 °C per min to -80 °C. The...

Direct shoot regeneration from leaf explants of Spilanthes acmella

K. V. Saritha, C. V. Naidu

Biologia plantarum 52:334-338, 2008 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-008-0068-6

Multiple shoots of Spilanthes acmella Murr. were induced from nodal buds of in vivo and in vitro seedlings on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 1.0 mg dm^-3 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 0.1 mg dm^-3 α-naphthalene-acetic acid (NAA). Adventitious shoots were successfully regenerated from the leaf explants derived from the above mentioned multiple shoots. The efficiency of shoot regeneration was tested in the MS medium containing BA, kinetin, or 2-isopentenyl adenine in combination with NAA, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), or indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and gibberellic acid. Maximum number of shoots per...

In vitro regeneration of medicinal plant Centella asiatica

H. Mohapatra, D. P. Barik, S. P. Rath

Biologia plantarum 52:339-342, 2008 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-008-0069-5

This paper describes multiple shoot regeneration from leaf and nodal segments of a medicinally important herb Centella asiatica L. on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium supplemented with a range of growth regulators. The highest number of multiple shoots was observed on MS augmented with 3.0 mg dm^-3 N⁶-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 0.05 mg dm^-3 α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Leaf explant showed maximum percentage of cultures regenerating shoots (81.6 %), with the highest shoot number (8.3 shoots per explant) and the shoot length (2.1 cm) whereas, nodal explant showed less number of shoots with callus formation...

A novel cadmium induced protein in wheat: characterization and localization in root tissue

B. Mittra, S. Sharma, A. B. Das, S. L. Henry, T. K. Das, P. Ghosh, S. Ghosh, P. Mohanty

Biologia plantarum 52:343-346, 2008 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-008-0070-z

A 51-kDa soluble protein was over-expressed in wheat (Triticum aestivum) seedlings by the treatment of seeds before germination with 50 µM CdCl₂ for 48 h and subsequently washed off Cd²⁺. This protein designated as Cd stress associated protein (CSAP), was purified. Polyclonal antibody was raised against CSAP for localizing the protein in root tissue of treated and control seedlings. It was observed that CSAP was located below the plasma membrane and outer periphery of the tonoplast. This unique type of organized localization of CSAP is suggestive of defensive role against metal phytotoxicity. N-terminal analysis of...

Expression of the ndhCKJ operon of barley and editing at the 13^th base of the mRNA of the ndhC gene

P. H. Serrot, B. Sabater, M. Martín

Biologia plantarum 52:347-350, 2008 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-008-0071-y

We have determined a 1778 base sequence which includes the complete ndhCKJ operon of barley plastid DNA. This operon contains the ndhC, ndhK and ndhJ genes encoding the polypeptides NDH-C, NDH-K and NDH-J, respectively, of the thylakoid Ndh complex. Poly-and mono-cistronic transcripts were identified, with an increase in the latter under oxidative stress induced by herbicide Paraquat. Complete sequencing of transcript cDNAs and of the corresponding regions of five additional monocots revealed that the 13^th C (cytosine) base of ndhC is edited to U (uracil) converting the CAC codon (encoding histidine, H)...

Inhibition of germination and α-amylase induction by 6-methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone in twelve plant species

H. Kato-Noguchi, F. A. Macías

Biologia plantarum 52:351-354, 2008 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-008-0072-x

6-Methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone (MBOA) inhibited germination of rice (Oryza sativa L.), wheat (Triticum aethiopicum Jakubz), rye (Secale cereale L.), onion (Allium cepa L.), wild oat (Avena fatua L.), barnyard grass [Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.], ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaudin), cress (Lepidium sativum L.), lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.), carrot (Daucus carota L.) and amaranth (Amaranthus retroflexus L) and the inhibition increased with increasing MBOA concentrations. MBOA also inhibited the induction of α-amylase in these...

Direct organogenesis from leaf explants of Stevia rebaudiana and cultivation in bioreactor

R. V. Sreedhar, L. Venkatachalam, R. Thimmaraju, N. Bhagyalakshmi, M. S. Narayan, G. A. Ravishankar

Biologia plantarum 52:355-360, 2008 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-008-0073-9

Shoot buds were induced directly on either side of midrib from adaxial surface of immature leaf explants in Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni five weeks after culturing in Murashige and Skoog's nutrient medium supplemented with 8.88 µM of N ⁶-benzylaminopurine and kinetin ranging from 4.65 to 6.98 µM. Immature leaves of 0.6 to 1 cm were found to produce best response (93 %) with a highest number of 4.93 shoot buds per explant. For elongation of regenerated shoot buds, MS medium supplemented with 30 g dm^-3 sucrose and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) ranging from 4.92 to 7.38 µM were found most suitable. The...

Expression of tea cytosolic glutamine synthetase is tissue specific and induced by cadmium and salt stress

N. K. Rana, P. Mohanpuria, S. K. Yadav

Biologia plantarum 52:361-364, 2008 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-008-0075-7

Glutamine synthetase (GS) showed highest expression and activity in bud (youngest topmost leaf) of Camellia sinensis, lower in older leaves, while lowest activity in stem and roots. GS expression and activity was increased by ammonium and nitrate and also by cadmium and salt stress but decreased by copper, aluminum, drought, cold and heat stress.

Agrobacterium-mediated transformation in Citrullus lanatus

M.-A. Cho, C.-Y. Moon, J.-R. Liu, P.-S. Choi

Biologia plantarum 52:365-369, 2008 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-008-0076-6

Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation was used to produce transgenic watermelon. Cotyledonary explants of Citrullus lanatus Thumb (cv. Daesan) were co-cultivated with Agrobacterium strains (LBA4404, GV3101, EHA101) containing pPTN289 carrying with bar gene and pPTN290 carrying with nptII gene, respectively. There was a significant difference in the transformation frequency between bacteria strains and selective markers. The EHA101/pPTN289 showed higher transformation frequency (1.16 %) than GV3101/pPTN289 (0.33 %) and LBA4404/pPTN289 or /pPTN290 (0 %). The shoots obtained (633 and 57 lines) showed some...

Trigonelline in mature seeds and developing seedlings of Glycine max

Y. Cho, E. B. Turnipseed, D. A. Lightfoot, A. J. Wood

Biologia plantarum 52:370-372, 2008 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-008-0077-5

Trigonelline (TRG) is known as a compatible solute in response to stress as well as a cell cycle regulator, and is more concentrated in legumes than other non-legume dicots. Four Glycine max L. genotypes (Essex, ExF 67, Forrest and Stressland) were used to examine TRG concentration in seeds and seedlings exposed to 30 or 100 mM NaCl, and to determine the association of TRG concentrations in seedlings with seedling growth. Seed germination across genotypes was inhibited by elevated salinity (71-91 %) in ExF 67 and Forrest and by accelerated aging (77-92 %) in Forrest. Length of seedlings in most genotypes stressed with NaCl apparently decreased....

Plant regeneration from mesophyll protoplasts of Agrobacterium rhizogenes-transformed Astragalus melilotoides

G. N. Zhang, J. F. Jia, J. G. Hao, X. R. Wang, T. He

Biologia plantarum 52:373-376, 2008 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-008-0078-4

Plant regeneration from mesophyll protoplasts of Agrobacterium rhizogenes-transformed Astragalus melilotoides Pall. was here developed. The protoplasts were isolated directly from the leaves of the hairy root-induced plants. The highest yield of protoplasts was obtained from fully expanded leaves of young plants. Their viability was up to 72 ± 2.3 %. The highest division frequency (32.4 ± 0.13 %) and sustained divisions were obtained in Durand, Potrykus and Donn (DPD) medium supplemented with 2.0 mg dm^-3 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 0.2 mg dm^-3 6-benzylaminopurine, 0.3 M mannitol, 2 % sucrose and...

Syringin production by Saussurea medusa cell cultures in a novel bioreactor

C. M. Xu, Y. Ou, B. Zhao, X. D. Wang, X. F. Yuan, Y. C. Wang

Biologia plantarum 52:377-380, 2008 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-008-0079-3

The culture of Saussurea medusa cell were cultured in an internal loop airlift bioreactor with sifter draft tube (ILABSDT) was investigated. Under the optimal culture conditions, which were inoculation size 1.5 g(d.m.) dm^-3, aeration rate 0.3 dm³(air) dm^-3(medium) min^-1, and 14 mesh sifter holes, the maximum biomass, syringin content and syringin production reached 11.7 g(d.m.) dm^-3, 17.7 mg g^-1 and 206.6 mg dm^-3, respectively. Among cell cultures in shake flask, bubble column bioreactor and ILABSDT, ILABSDT had the highest syringin productivity and reached 12.41 mg...

Transient RNAi based gene silencing of glutathione synthetase reduces glutathione content in Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze somatic embryos

P. Mohanpuria, N. K. Rana, S. K. Yadav

Biologia plantarum 52:381-384, 2008 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-008-0080-x

We report on gene silencing of glutathione synthetase (GSHS) that reduces reduced glutathione (GSH) content in somatic embryos of Camellia sinensis L. Using degenerate primers with cDNA of Camellia sinensis, a 457 bp GSHS gene fragment was cloned through polymerase chain reaction. This fragment was used in making ihpRNA. For this it was cloned in sense at AscI and SwaI and in anti-sense at Bam HI and XbaI restriction sites of pFGC5941 that has chalcone synthase (Chs) intron between SwaI and BamHI restriction sites. Resultant RNAi construct was used for C. sinensis somatic embryos transformation through Agrobacterium....

Leaf gas exchange, water relations, nutrient content and growth in citrus and olive seedlings under salinity

J. C. Melgar, J. P. Syvertsen, V. Martínez, F. García-Sánchez

Biologia plantarum 52:385-390, 2008 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-008-0081-9

The effects of salinity on growth, leaf nutrient content, water relations, gas exchange parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence were studied in six-month-old seedlings of citrus (Citrus limonia Osbeck) and rooted cuttings of olive (Olea europaea L. cv. Arbequina). Citrus and olive were grown in a greenhouse and watered with half strength Hoagland's solution plus 0 or 50 mM NaCl for citrus, or plus 0 or 100 mM NaCl for olive. Salinity increased Cl^- and Na⁺ content in leaves and roots in both species and reduced total plant dry mass, net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance. Decreased growth and gas exchange...

Effect of wounding on chalcone synthase and pathogenesis related PR-10 gene expression and content of phenolic compounds in bilberry leaves

L. Jaakola, J. J. Koskimäki, K. R. Riihinen, A. Tolvanen, A. Hohtola

Biologia plantarum 52:391-395, 2008 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-008-0082-8

The influence of artificial wounding on biosynthesis of flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids was studied in bilberry leaves using two separate wounding experiments. In the first experiment bilberry leaves were wounded by cutting. The expression of the first gene from flavonoid pathway, chalcone synthase (CHS) and a wound induced pathogenesis related PR-10 gene was analysed from samples collected immediately and after 3, 6, 24 h and 4 d from the wounding treatment. In the second experiment annual shoots were removed. Proanthocyanidins, flavonol glycosides and hydroxycinnamic acids were quantified in leaf samples after 0-5 d (experiment...

Changes in activities of antioxidant enzymes during Chenopodium murale seed germination

J. Bogdanović, K. Radotić, A. Mitrović

Biologia plantarum 52:396-400, 2008 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-008-0083-7

The activities and isoenzyme pattern of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) have been studied during germination of Chenopodium murale seeds. CAT and SOD activities were similar in dry seeds and during first 2 d of imbibition. CAT activity increased during radicle protrusion and early seedling development. The maximum SOD activity was found at final stages of germination and early seedling development. POD activity was not detected until the 6^th day of germination, indicating POD involvement not until early seedling development. Gibberellic acid (GA₃, 160 µM) delayed and synchronized C....

Jiří Velemínský

J. Krekule

Biologia plantarum 52:199-200, 2008 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-008-0045-0

Campbell, A., Anderson, W.W, Jones, E.W. (ed.): Annual Review of Genetics. Vol. 410

T. Gichner

Biologia plantarum 52:230, 2008 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-008-0050-3

Merchant, S., Briggs, W.R., Chandler, V.L. (ed.): Annual Review of Plant Biology. Vol. 58, 2007

Z. Šesták

Biologia plantarum 52:258,266, 2008 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-008-0055-y

Suárez, M.F., Bozhkov, P.V. (ed.): Plant Embryogenesis

Z. Vondráková

Biologia plantarum 52:280, 2008 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-008-0059-7

Kimble, J.M., Rice, C.W., Reed, D., Mooney, S., Follett, R.F., Lal, R. (ed.): Soil Carbon Management. Economic, Environmental and Societal Benefits

L. Nátr

Biologia plantarum 52:298, 2008 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-008-0062-z

Dugan, F.M.: The Identification of Fungi - An Illustrated Introduction with Keys, Glossary, and Guide to Literature

L. Burketová

Biologia plantarum 52:360, 2008 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-008-0074-8