Induction of pathogenesis-related proteins by spermidine exogenously supplied to detached tobacco leaves

S. Pennazio, P. Roggero

Biologia plantarum 32:241-246, 1990 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02886943

Continuous treatment with spermidine or 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid stimulated ethylene production and ethylene-forming enzyme activity and accelerated chlorophyll breakdown in detached tobacco leaves. The treatments also induced the production of eleven major acidic pathogenesis-related proteins, which were also produced during the hypersensitive reaction to tobacco necrosis virus. A delay between the onset of the stimulated ethylene increase and the detection of PR-proteins was found; ethylene production was stimulated after a few hours of treatment, whereas one, three and all the eleven PR-proteins were detected by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis...

Genetic and chromosomal variation inPetunia hybrida plants regenerated from protoplast and callus cultures

A. C. Lewis-Smith, Maria Chamberlain, S. M. Smith

Biologia plantarum 32:247-255, 1990 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02886944

Plants regenerated from callus cultures derived from leaf discs and mesophyll protoplasts ofPetunia hybrida cv. Rose of Heaven exhibit a high frequency of genetic and chromosomal variation. Of twelve leaf disc-derived plants examined, only three had the normal diploid chromosome number (2n=14) while seven were tetraploid and two were aneuploid (16 and 27 chromosomes). Of seventeen plants derived from two protoplasts, none had the diploid chromosome number. Most had 28 chromosomes, one 29, two 27, one 26 and one had variable numbers (14-28) in different root tip cells. In all cases aneuploidy was associated with developmental abnormality. In...

Effet du Chlorure de Sodium sur la Croissance et le Potentiel Osmotique de Cals Normaux et Habitués de Betterave Sucrière

F. le Dily, D. Hagege, J. P. Billard, J. Boucaud, Th. Gaspar

Biologia plantarum 32:256, 1990 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02886945

NaCl (0 to 274 mM) was added to the culture media of normal and habituated (auxin and cytokinin independent) sugarbeet calli and its effect on growth (estimated by the increase of dry and organic matters), water content and osmotic potential was tested. Growth of normal callus was stimulated by 68 mM NaCl after a lag period of two weeks. This callus tolerated up to 137 mM NaCl without growth reduction and maintained its hydric status by readjustment of its osmotic potential in 24 h. NaCl quantities under 34 mM stimulated growth of the habituated callus from the 3rd day on; higher NaCl concentrations (68 to 274 mM) inhibited growth or were lethal. NaCl...

Factors influencingin vitro micropropagation ofPinus strobus L.

K Kaul

Biologia plantarum 32:266-272, 1990 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02886946

Anin vitro procedure for micropropagation ofPinus strobus L., consisting of the following four steps has been established: shoot induction, shoot growth, root induction, and root growth. Influence of certain selected factors on each of these steps was determined. Shoot induction was found to be influenced by the age of the explant as well as the concentration of 6-benzyladenine in the medium. Best shoot growth was obtained on the medium of Litvayet al. without any growth regulators. Addition of activated charcoal to shoot growth medium resulted in fewer shoots. Root induction on several media was compared. Best root induction occurred...

Inhibition of ethylene production and stimulation of carrot somatic embryogenesis by salicylic acid

J.-P. Roustan, A. Latche, J. Fallot

Biologia plantarum 32:273-276, 1990 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02886947

The effects of salicylic acid (SA) and other phenolic compounds, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), benzoic add (BA) and sulfosalicylic acid (SSA), on ethylene production and somatic embryogenesis by carrot (Daucus carota L.) cell cultures were studied. SA and ASA, at concentrations of 10 μM and 100 μM, significantly stimulated somatic embryogenesis and effectively inhibited ethylene production by carrot cell suspension cultures. The observed increase of embryo number was proportional to the inhibition rate of ethylene production. However, BA and SSA affected neither ethylene production nor somatic embryogenesis. The role of SA in somatic embryogenesis...

The effect of IAA application on endogenous rhythm of flowering inChenopodium rubrum L.

Libuše Pavlová, J. Krekule

Biologia plantarum 32:277-287, 1990 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02886948

The study deals with the effect of indol-3-ylacetic acid (IAA) on endogenous rhythm of flowering inChenopodium rubrum L. ecotype 374. Phase setting of the rhythm and length of its period were not affected, its amplitude decreased or changed insignificantly depending on the time and the site of IAA application. The intervals of significant inhibitory effect of IAA applied to apical buds terminated later than after IAA application to photoreceptive organs. The inhibitory effect did not correlate with the level of IAA uptake. Results obtained support the hypothesis that both photoreceptive organs and apical buds are the sites of inhibitory effect...

Higher flower bud formation in haploid tobacco is connected with higher peroxidase/IAA-oxidase activity, lower IAA content and ethylene production

V. Žárský, Libuše Pavlová, J. Eder, Ivana Macháčková

Biologia plantarum 32:288-293, 1990 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02886949

Haploid tobacco plants (cv. Samsun) form inflorescences with a larger number of flowers than diploid plants. Leaves of haploid plants were shown to have lower free IAA level (by 40 %), higher peroxidase (by 160 %) and IAA-oxidase (by 70 %) activities and produce less ethylene (by 25 %) than leaves of corresponding diploid plants. The increase of peroxidase activity in haploids was due to the increase in the activity of the cathodic isozyme which is known to have high IAA-oxidase activity. It is proposed that higher peroxidase/IAA-oxidase activity in haploid plants may take part in IAA catabolism, at least duringin vitro culture of haploid explants....

The relation between nitrogen deficiency and second leaf senescence in wheat plants

Alena Činčerová

Biologia plantarum 32:294-301, 1990 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02886950

Life span of the second leaf of wheat(Triticum aestivum L., cv. Grana) plants was studied from day 8 to day 50 of plant age in a variant with nitrogen (+N) and in a variant in which plant senescence was induced by the omission of nitrogen from the nutrient solution (-N). Seed protein was the sole source of nitrogen for these plants. Specific leaf mass (SLM) in the -N variant, and specific leaf area (SLA), the mass of fresh leaf, soluble protein content and total nitrogen content in the +N variant peaked by day 22 of plant age (that is by day 19 of leaf age). Dry matter content, leaf length and leaf area, and SLM in the +N variant peaked by day...

Patterns of ion distribution in selected NaCl tolerant and normal lines of four grass species

M Ashraf, T. McNeilly, A. D. Bradshaw

Biologia plantarum 32:302-312, 1990 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02886951

Selected NaCl tolerant and unselected control lines ofHolcus lanatus L.,Lolium perenne L.,Dactylis glomerata L., andFestuca rubra L. were grown in sand culture at 0, 100, 200, 250, and/or 300 ml m^-3NaCl for seven weeks. The tolerant lines of all four species produced significantly greater both shoot and root dry matter at all NaCl treatments compared with the unselected control lines. Na⁺, K⁺, Cl^-, Ca²⁺, and Mg²⁺ contents of leaf, stalk, and roots of each species were determined. The tolerant lines ofH. lanatus contained less Na⁺ and less...

Catabolic activity of two phosphoric diester hydrolases in wheat leaves inoculated with brown rust, Puccinia recondita

R. S. Saini, H. K. L. Chawla, D. S. Wagle

Biologia plantarum 32:313-318, 1990 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02886952

Changes in total phospholipids and activities of two phosphoric diester hydrolases,i.e. phospholipase C and phospholipase D have been studied in inoculated wheat leaves of 25-day old plants, interacting differentially with three races of brown rust,Puccinia recondita, during early stages of pathogenesis. With progressive rust iafection the lipids and phospholipids were found to decrease in all the three interactions except at later stages (48 h and 72 h) in race 104-interaction. However, total phospholipids at various stages were found to be higher in resistant interaction (race 63) as compared to the other two interactions. An initial...

Book reviews

Renata Rybová, F. Pospišil

Biologia plantarum 32:319-320, 1990 | DOI: 10.1007/BF02886953