Sociologický časopis / Czech Sociological Review 2016, 52(2): 209-236 | DOI: 10.13060/00380288.2016.52.2.247

The Commodification of the Rural and the Construction of Regional Identity

Miloš Delín, Pavel Pospěch
Ústav zemědělské ekonomiky a informací, Brno

This paper focuses on the commodification and marketisation of Czech rural areas and on the consequences these processes have for regional identities. Through a case study of a Local Action Group (LAG), the paper traces the construction of rurality and the ways in which rurality is employed as an identity tool and a market commodity. The study is grounded in a constructivist approach in rural sociology, emphasising the multiplicity of meanings ascribed to the rural by stakeholders. The study highlights the identity politics produced by rural development programmes and the implications these have for defining regional borders and for the very notion of 'rurality'. Commodification gives rise to a sphere of cultural economics, whereby the past and natural and cultural heritage are sold on the market. The establishment of a certified brand of regional products is an important tool of cultural economics. Two layers of identity are traced in the study of this process (and of the activities of the LAG in general). The paper argues that the tension between the layers of marketised identity and quasi-natural identity reflects the tension between professional and lay discourses of rurality.

Keywords: rurality, commodification, regional identity, cultural economy, LAG, LEADER

Published: April 1, 2016Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Delín, M., & Pospěch, P. (2016). The Commodification of the Rural and the Construction of Regional Identity. Sociologický časopis / Czech Sociological Review52(2), 209-236. doi: 10.13060/00380288.2016.52.2.247.
Download citation

References

  1. Alexander, J. 2003. The Meanings of Social Life: A Cultural Sociology. New York: Oxford University Press. Go to original source...
  2. AlSayyad, N. (ed.). 2001. Consuming Tradition, Manufacturing Heritage: Global Norms and Urban Forms in the Age of Tourism. New York: Routledge.
  3. Bell, M. 2007. "The Two-ness of Rural Life and the Ends of Rural Scholarship." Journal of Rural Studies 23 (4): 402-415, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2007.03.003. Go to original source...
  4. Binek, J. 2009. Synergie ve venkovském prostoru: aktéři a nástroje rozvoje venkova. Brno: GaREP.
  5. Brubaker, R., F. Cooper. 2000. "Beyond 'Identity'." Theory and Society 29 (1): 1-47, http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007068714468. Go to original source...
  6. Cloke, P. 1997. "Country Backwater to Virtual Village? Rural Studies and 'The Cultural Turn'." Journal of Rural Studies 13 (4): 367-375, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0743-0167(97)00053-3. Go to original source...
  7. Cloke, P. 2006. "Conceptualizing Rurality." Pp. 18-28 in P. Cloke, T. Marsden, P. H. Mooney (eds.). Handbook of Rural Studies. London: Sage. Go to original source...
  8. Cloke, P., M. Goodwin. 1992. "Conceptualizing Countryside Change: From Post-Fordism to Rural Structured Coherence." Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 17 (3): 321-336, http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/622883. Go to original source...
  9. Delín, M. 2012. "The Role of Farmers in Local Action Groups: The Case of the National Network of the Local Action Groups in the Czech Republic." Agricultural Economics 58 (9): 433-442. Go to original source...
  10. Duenckmann, F. 2010. "The Village in the Mind: Applying Q-methodology to Re-constructing constructions of rurality." Journal of Rural Studies 26 (3): 284-295, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2010.01.003. Go to original source...
  11. Evans, N., C. Morris, M. Winter. 2002. "Conceptualizing Agriculture: A Critique of Post-productivism as the New Orthodoxy." Progress in Human Geography 26 (3): 313-332, http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0309132502ph372ra. Go to original source...
  12. Figueiredo, E. et al. 2014. "'No Country For Old People'. Representations of the Rural in the Portuguese Tourism Promotional Campaigns." AGER - Revista de Estudios sobre Despoblación y Desarrollo Rural 17 (2): 1-26.
  13. Fløysand, A., S. Jakobsen. 2007. "Commodification of Rural Places: A Narrative of Social Fields, Rural Development, and Football." Journal of Rural Studies 23 (2): 206-221, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2006.09.012. Go to original source...
  14. Gibson, C., L. Kong. 2005. "Cultural Economy: A Critical Review." Progress in Human Geography 29 (5): 541-561, http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0309132505ph567oa. Go to original source...
  15. Gottlieb, M., M. Lapka. 2000. Rolník a krajina: kapitoly ze života soukromých rolníků. Praha: Sociologické nakladatelství (SLON).
  16. Halfacree, K. 1993. "Locality and Social Representation: Space, Discourse and Alternative Definitions of the Rural." Journal of Rural Studies 9 (1): 23-37, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0743-0167(93)90003-3. Go to original source...
  17. Heřmanová, E., P. Chromý. 2009. Kulturní regiony a geografie kultury: kulturní reálie a kultura v regionech Česka. Praha: ASPI.
  18. Hobsbawm, E., T. Ranger (eds.). 1983. The Invention of Tradition. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  19. Hruška, V. 2014. "Proměny přístupů ke konceptualizaci venkovského prostoru v rurálních studiích." Sociologický časopis / Czech Sociological Review 50 (4): 581-601, http://dx.doi.org/10.13060/00380288.2014.50.4.109. Go to original source...
  20. Hruška, V., O. Konečný. 2011. "Současný venkov v kontextu postproduktivistického přechodu: rozdílné předpoklady konkurenceschopnosti." Pp. 72-80 in J. Ježek, L. Kaňka (eds.). Konkurenceschopnost a udržitelný rozvoj malých měst a venkovských regionů v České republice. Plzeň: Západočeská univerzita v Plzni.
  21. Hudečková, H., M. Lošťák. 2008. "LEADER in the Czech Republic and the Farming Sector." Agricultural Economics 54 (12): 555-565. Go to original source...
  22. Chromý, P. 2003. "Formování regionální identity: nezbytná součást geografických výzkumů." Pp. 163-178 in I. Bičík, V. Jančák (eds.). Geografie na cestách poznání: sborník příspěvků k šedesátinám Ivana Bičíka. Praha: Univerzita Karlova.
  23. Jančo, J. 2011. "Značení místních produktů - nový pohled na turistický region Moravský kras." Pp. 30-47 in Regionální značení napříč Evropou. Sdílení zkušeností v oblasti podpory regionálních produktů. Praha: Asociace regionálních značek, o.s.
  24. Jenkins, T., N. Parrott. 2002. "The Commodification of Heritage and Rural Development in Peripheral Regions: Artisanal Cheesemaking in Rural Wales." Pp. 51-61 in J. Gerald, D. R. Friedman. Ecolabels and the Greening of the Food Market: Proceedings of a Conference Boston, Massachusetts, USA, 7-9 November 2002. Boston: Tufts University.
  25. Jones, O. 1995. "Lay Discourses of the Rural: Developments and Implications For Rural Studies." Journal of Rural Studies 11 (1): 35-49, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0743-0167(94)00057-G. Go to original source...
  26. King, D., W. Stewart. 1996. "Ecotourism and Commodification: Protecting People and Places." Biodiversity and Conservation 5 (3): 293-305, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00051775. Go to original source...
  27. Kneafsey, M. 1998. "Tourism and Place Identity: A Case-study in Rural Ireland." Irish Geography 31 (2): 111-123, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00750779809478623. Go to original source...
  28. Kneafsey, M. 2001. "Rural Cultural Economy." Annals of Tourism Research 28 (3): 762-783, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(00)00077-3. Go to original source...
  29. Lee, J. et al. 2005. "Networking: Social Capital and Identities in European Rural Development." Sociologia Ruralis 45 (4): 269-283, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9523.2005.00305.x. Go to original source...
  30. Long, N., J. Van der Ploeg. 1988. "New Challenges in the Sociology of Rural Development: A Rejoinder to Vandergeest." Sociologia Ruralis 28 (1): 30-41, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9523.1988.tb00330.x. Go to original source...
  31. Lošťák, M., H. Hudečková. 2010. "Preliminary Impacts of the LEADER+ Approach in the Czech Republic." Agricultural Economics 56 (6): 249-265.
  32. Lowe, P., J. Murdoch, N. Ward. 1995. "Network in Rural Development: Beyond Exogenous and Endogenous Models." Pp 87-105 in J. van der Ploeg, G. van Dijk (eds.). Beyond Modernization: The Impact of Endogenous Rural Development. Assen: Van Gorcum.
  33. MacLeod, G. 1998. "In What Sense a Region? Place, Hybridity, Symbolic Shape, and Institutional Formation in (Post-)modern Scotland." Political Geography 17: 833-863. Go to original source...
  34. Majerová, V., J. Čmejrek (eds.). 2005. Český venkov 2005: rozvoj venkovské společnosti. Praha: PEF ČZU.
  35. Majerová, V., T. Kostelecký, L. Sýkora a kol. 2011. Sociální kapitál a rozvoj regionu: příklad kraje Vysočina. Praha: Grada.
  36. Marsden, T. 1999. "Rural Futures: The Consumption Countryside and Its Regulation." Sociologia ruralis 39 (4): 501-526, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9523.00121. Go to original source...
  37. Marsden, T., P. Lowe, S. Whatmore. 1990. Rural Restructuring: Global Processes and Their Responses. London: David Fulton.
  38. Marx, K. 1954. Kapitál: kritika politické ekonomie. Praha: SPN.
  39. Maurel, M. 2008. "Local Development Stakeholders and the European Model: Learning the LEADER Approach in the New Member States." Sociologický časopis / Czech Sociological Review 44 (4): 511-529. Go to original source...
  40. Mormont, M. 1990. "Who Is Rural? Or, How to Be Rural: Towards a Sociology of the Rural." Pp 21-33 in T. Marsden, P. Lowe, S. Whatmore (eds.). Rural Restructuring. Global Processes and Their Responses. London: David Fulton.
  41. Mosco, V. 1996. The Political Economy of Communication: Rethinking and Renewal. London: SAGE.
  42. Moscovici, S., G. Duveen. 2000. Social Representations: Explorations in Social Psychology. Cambridge: Polity Press.
  43. Paasi, A. 1986. "The Institutionalization of Regions: A Theoretical Framework for Understanding the Emergence of Regions and the Constitution of Regional Identity." Fennia 164: 105-146. Go to original source...
  44. Paasi, A. 2002. "Bounded Spaces in the Mobile World: Deconstructing 'Regional Identity'." Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie 93 (2): 137-148, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9663.00190. Go to original source...
  45. Perkins, H. 2006. "Commodification: Re-resourcing rural areas." Pp 243-257 in P. Cloke, T. Marsden, P. H. Mooney (eds.). Handbook of Rural Studies. London: SAGE. Go to original source...
  46. Phillips, M. et al. 2001. "Putting together Ruralities: Towards a Symbolic Analysis of Rurality on the British Mass Media." Journal of Rural Studies 17 (1): 1-27, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0743-0167(00)00015-2. Go to original source...
  47. Polanyi, K. 2006. Velká transformace. Brno: CDK.
  48. Pospěch, P. 2014. "Discursive No Man's Land: Analysing the Discourse of the Rural in the Transitional Czech Republic." Journal of Rural Studies 34: 96-107, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2014.01.006. Go to original source...
  49. Potter, C. 1998. "Conserving Nature: Agri-environmental Policy Development and Change." Pp. 57-84 in B. Ilbery (ed.). The Geography of Rural Change. Essex: Addison Wesley Longman.
  50. Raagmaa, G. 2002. "Regional Identity in Regional Development and Planning." European Planning Studies 10: 55-76. Go to original source...
  51. Ray, C. 1998. "Culture, Intellectual Property and Territorial Rural Development." Sociologia Ruralis 38 (1): 3-20, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9523.00060. Go to original source...
  52. Říčan, P. 1999. "Z vesnice na venkov: O cestách tam a zase zpátky." Biograf [online] 20: 123 odst. [cit. 27. 10. 2014]. Dostupné na: http://www.biograf.org/clanek.php?clanek=v2002.
  53. Sharpley, R., P. Stone (eds.). 2011. Tourist Experience: Contemporary Perspectives. Routledge: Abingdon, Oxon.
  54. Shucksmith, M. 2000. "Endogenous Development, Social Capital and Social Inclusion: Perspectives from LEADER in the UK." Sociologia Ruralis 40 (2): 208-218, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9523.00143. Go to original source...
  55. Simon, C., P. Huigen, P. Groote. 2010. "Analysing Regional Identities in the Netherlands." Tijdschrift Voor Economische en Sociale Geografie 101 (4): 409-421, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9663.2009.00564.x. Go to original source...
  56. Spěšná, D. et al. 2009. "Aging of the Agricultural Workforce in Relation to the Agricultural Labour Market." Agricultural Economics 55 (9): 424-435.
  57. Šifta, M., P. Chromý. 2014. "Symboly a identita regionu: analýza vnímání přírodních symbolů oblastí s intenzivně přeměněnou krajinou v Česku." Geografický časopis 66 (4): 401-415.
  58. Šmídová-Matoušová, O., L. Markvartová. 2011. "Vizuální představy o české společnosti 1989-2009 v kolektivní paměti: Město a venkov v obrazech a v příbězích o obrazech." Biograf 54: 5-35.
  59. Vaňková, M. 2008. "Konstruování a reprezentace, regionu'. Krajinou podstávkových domů." Biograf [online] 45: 38 odst. [cit. 27. 10. 2014]. Dostupné z: http://www.biograf.org/clanek.php?clanek=v4501.
  60. Večerka, R., O. Špiková. 2012. Analýza bílých míst pokrytí místními akčními skupinami ve venkovských oblastech [online]. Spolek pro obnovu venkova, Národní síť Místních akčních skupin ČR [cit. 27. 10. 2014]. Dostupné z: http://eagri.cz/public/web/file/150213/Analyza_bilych_mist_v2.pdf.
  61. Vepsäläinen, M., K. Pitkänen. 2010. "Second Home Countryside. Representations of the Rural in Finnish Popular Discourses." Journal of Rural Studies 26: 194-204, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2009.07.002. Go to original source...
  62. Wang, N. 2000. Tourism and Modernity: Sociological Analysis. New York: Pergamon.
  63. Williams, C. 2002. "A Critical Evaluation of the Commodification Thesis." The Sociological Review 50 (4): 525-542, http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-954X.00397. Go to original source...
  64. Wilson, G. 2002. "Post-Produktivismus in der Europäischen Landwirtschaft: Mythos oder Realität?" Schweizer Zeitschrift für Geographie 57 (2): 109-126, http://dx.doi.org/10.5169/seals-71291. Go to original source...
  65. Wilson, G., I. Whitehead. 2012. "Local Rural Product as a 'Relic' Spatial Strategy in Globalised Rural Spaces: Evidence from County Clare (Ireland)." Journal of Rural Studies 28 (3): 199-207, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2012.01.003. Go to original source...
  66. Woods, M. 2005. Rural Geography. London: SAGE.
  67. Woods, M. 2011. Rural. London: Routledge. Go to original source...
  68. Zimmerbauer, K. 2011. "From Image to Identity: Building Regions by Place Promotion." European Planning Studies 19: 243-260. Go to original source...

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0), which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.