Photosynthetic Pathways, Life Forms, and Reproductive Types for Forage Species Along the Desertification Gradient on Hunshandake Desert, North China

R.Z. Wang

Photosynthetica 2002, 40(3):321-329 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022623920812

Floristic compositions, life forms, reproductive types for forage species, and their responses to desertification in Hunshandake desert were studied. 164 species, in 30 families and 94 genera, were identified with C₃ (137 species), C₄ (25 species), and CAM (2 species) photosynthesis. Of the 25 C₄ species, 76 % were grasses and Chenopodiaceae species (hereafter chenopods). This suggests that the C₄ species mainly occurred in a few families in the desert region. The reduction of C₃ species and the increase of C₄ species with desertification indicated that C₄ species might...

Håkanson, L.: Water Pollution

J. Lukavský

Photosynthetica 2002, 40(3):330 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022655931715

Effects of Simulated Acid Precipitation on Photosynthesis, Chlorophyll Fluorescence, and Antioxidative Enzymes in Cucumis sativus L.

Jing-Quan Yu, Su-Feng Ye, Li-Feng Huang

Photosynthetica 2002, 40(3):331-335 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022658504882

The effects of simulated acid rain on gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, and anti-oxidative enzyme activity in cucumber seedlings (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Jingchun No. 4) were investigated. Acid rain significantly reduced net photosynthetic rate and mainly non-stomatal factors contributed to the decrease of photosynthesis during the experimental period. The reduced photosynthesis was associated with a decreased maximal photochemical efficiency (F_v/F_m) and the average quantum yield of the photosystem 2 (PS2) reaction centres (Φ_PS2). Meanwhile, acid rain significantly increased the activities of guaiacol...

Aro, E.-M., Andersson, B. (ed.): Regulation of Photosynthesis

Z. Šesták

Photosynthetica 2002, 40(3):336 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022699613968

Estimation of Photosynthetic Activity from the Electron Transport Rate of Photosystem 2 in a Film-Sealed Leaf of Sweet Potato, Ipomoea batatas Lam.

Haimeirong, F. Kubota, Y. Yoshimura

Photosynthetica 2002, 40(3):337-341 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022610621721

In order to evaluate the photosynthetic activity of a C₃ leaf from the electron transport rate (ETR) of photosystem 2 (PS2), a new method was devised and examined using leaves of sweet potato. In this method, both surfaces of a leaf were sealed with transparent films to stop the gas exchange between the leaf and the atmosphere; hence the functions of both photosynthetic assimilation (CO₂ uptake) and photorespiration (CO₂ release) are restricted to the inside of the leaf. After both functional rates became equally balanced, ETR of the sealed leaf (ETR_seal) was determined from the chlorophyll fluorescence....

Nátr, L.: Fotosyntetická Produkce a Výžziva Lidstva.[Photosynthetic Production and Nutrition of Mankind]

J. Čatský

Photosynthetica 2002, 40(3):342 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022668201673

Photochemical Properties of Photosystem 2 in Primary Leaves of Barley Seedlings Grown Under Various Blue or Red Irradiances

E.A. Egorova, N.G. Bukhov

Photosynthetica 2002, 40(3):343-347 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022662605791

Photosystem 2 (PS2)-driven electron transfer was studied in primary leaves of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seedlings grown under various photon fluxes (0.3-170.0 μmol m^-2 s^-1) of blue (BR) or red (RR) radiation using modulated chlorophyll fluorescence. The F_v/F_m ratio was 0.78-0.79 in leaves of all radiation variants, except in seedlings grown under BR or RR of 0.3 μmol m^-2 s^-1. The extent of the photochemical phase of the polyphasic F_v rise induced by very strong "white light" was similar in leaves of all radiation treatments. Neither radiation quality nor photon...

Kranner, I., Beckett, R.P., Varma, A.K. (ed.): Protocols in Lichenology: Culturing, Biochemistry, Ecophysiology and Use in Biomonitoring

J. Gloser

Photosynthetica 2002, 40(3):348 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022612116694

High Contents of Anthocyanins in Young Leaves are Correlated with Low Pools of Xanthophyll Cycle Components and Low Risk of Photoinhibition

Y. Manetas, A. Drinia, Y. Petropoulou

Photosynthetica 2002, 40(3):349-354 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022614722629

We checked the hypothesis that the transient presence of anthocyanins in young leaves serves a photoprotective function. For this purpose, Rosa sp. and Ricinus communis L., whose young leaves are red to become green upon maturation, were used. Thus, young leaves with high and mature leaves with low anthocyanin contents were analysed concerning their carotenoid (Car) composition and susceptibility to photoinhibition. Cars, including the components of the xanthophyll cycle, had similar contents in young and mature leaves, when expressed on a chlorophyll basis. Yet, when expressed on a leaf area basis or on the assumed photon absorptive...

Isolation and Characterization of an Oxygen Evolving Photosystem 2 Core Complex from the Thermophilic Cyanobacterium Mastigocladus laminosus

V.M. Ramesh, A. Fish, D. Michaeli, N. Keren, I. Ohad, L. Vorchovsky, R. Nechushtai

Photosynthetica 2002, 40(3):355-361 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022666706700

A novel purification procedure was developed for the isolation of oxygen evolving photosystem 2 (PS2) from Mastigocladus laminosus. The isolation procedure involves dodecyl maltoside extraction followed by column chromatography using anion exchange resins. The isolated PS2 reaction center (RC) was analyzed for its biochemical and biophysical characteristics. Analysis by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that the complex contained five intrinsic membrane proteins (CP 47, CP 43, D1, D2, and cyt b₅₅₉) and at least three low molecular mass proteins. The complex exhibited high rates of oxygen evolution [333 mmol(O₂)...

Bohl, E.: Mathematik in der Biologie.2^nd Ed.

L. Nedbal

Photosynthetica 2002, 40(3):362 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022651730807

Changes in Chlorophyll Fluorescence During the Course of Photoperiod and in Response to Drought in Casuarina equisetifolia Forst. and Forst.

R. Martínez-Carrasco, J. Sánchez-Rodriguez, P. Pérez

Photosynthetica 2002, 40(3):363-368 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022618823538

The effects of drought and the diurnal changes in photosynthetic electron transport were studied in non-nodulated plants of Casuarina equisetifolia. The induction of fluorescence showed a slightly higher I step in water-stressed than control plants, and the time from the start of irradiation to the P step of induction was significantly shortened by drought. The quantum efficiency of photosystem 2 (PS2) in the dark-adapted state (F_v/F_m) was generally not affected by drought, whereas it decreased during the central hours of the day. The decrease in quantum yield of PS2 electron transport (Φ₂) in water-stressed...

Is the Lower Shade Tolerance of Scots Pine, Relative to Pedunculate Oak, Related to the Composition of Photosynthetic Pigments?

U. Hansen, J. Schneiderheinze, B. Rank

Photosynthetica 2002, 40(3):369-374 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022670807608

Foliage of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) was collected in a mixed pine/oak forest at canopy positions differing in radiation environment. In both species, chlorophyll (Chl) a/b ratios were higher in foliage of canopy positions exposed to higher irradiance as compared to more shaded crown layers. Throughout the growing season, pine needles exhibited significantly lower Chl a/b ratios than oak leaves acclimated to a similar photon availability. Hence, pine needles showed shade-type pigment characteristics relative to foliage of oak. At a given radiation environment, pine needles tended...

Leaf Gas Exchange of Pachyrhizus ahipa and P. erosus Under Water and Temperature Stress

E.O. Leidi

Photosynthetica 2002, 40(3):375-381 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022622924446

Gas exchange, water relations, and leaf traits were studied in the tuberous-root producing legumes ahipa (Pachyrhizus ahipa) and yambean (P. erosus) under different environmental conditions. Differences in leaf traits (hairiness, leaf area, areal leaf mass, stomatal density) and paraheliotropism were found between ahipa and yambean. Under sufficient water supply, the increase in air temperature and decrease in air humidity increased stomatal conductance (g_s) and net photosynthetic rate (P_N) in yambean but reduced them in ahipa. In a drying soil (14 d after irrigation), inter-specific variation in gas...

Howe, S., Hendriksson, K.: PhraseBook for Writing Papers and Research. 2^nd Ed.

Z. Šesták

Photosynthetica 2002, 40(3):382 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022660032624

Effect of Sodium Thiosulfate on the Depletion of Photosynthetic Apparatus in Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 Cells Grown in the Presence of Glucose

Zeneng Wang, Yinong Xu, Zhenle Yang, Haitong Hou, Guizhen Jiang, Tingyun Kuang

Photosynthetica 2002, 40(3):383-387 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022675008517

Fluorescence spectroscopy at 77 K showed that the application of glucose lead to the depletion of phycobilisomes (PBS) and photosystems (PS) 2 and 1, and that PS2 was more sensitive to glucose than PS1. The application of sodium thiosulfate, an effective scavenger of reactive oxygen intermediates, counteracted the effects of glucose. Sodium thiosulfate effectively protected photosynthetic apparatus, PS2, PS1, and PBS against glucose-induced depletion. Sodium thiosulfate showed strong capability to inhibit the disappearance of chlorophyll induced by glucose. At a relatively low concentration of glucose, the application of sodium thiosulfate can even...

Heldt, H.-W.: Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

H. Synková

Photosynthetica 2002, 40(3):388 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022608015786

Effects of Chilling Temperature on the Activity of Enzymes of Sucrose Synthesis and the Accumulation of Saccharides in Leaves of Three Sugarcane Cultivars Differing in Cold Sensitivity

Yu-Chun Du, Akihiro Nose

Photosynthetica 2002, 40(3):389-395 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022627125355

The effects of short-term exposure to chilling temperature (10 °C) on sucrose synthesis in leaves of the cold-tolerant sugarcane cultivars Saccharum sinense R. cv. Yomitanzan and Saccharum sp. cv. NiF4, and the cold-sensitive cultivar S. officinarum L. cv. Badila were studied. Plants were grown at day/night temperatures of 30/25 °C, and then shifted to a constant day/night temperature of 10 °C. After 52-h exposure to the chilling temperature, sucrose content in the leaves of NiF4 and Yomitanzan showed a 2.5- to 3.5-fold increase relative to that of the control plants that had been left on day/night temperatures of 30/25 °C. No...

Malézieux E., Trébuil G., Jaeger M. (ed.): Modélisation des Agroécosystémes et Aide à la Décision

L. Nátr

Photosynthetica 2002, 40(3):396 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022664100765

Water Relations and Leaf Anatomy of the Tropical Species, Jatropha gossypifolia and Alternanthera crucis, Grown Under an Elevated CO₂ Concentration

E. Rengifo, R. Urich, A. Herrera

Photosynthetica 2002, 40(3):397-403 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022679109425

In order to address the question of how elevated CO₂ concentration (EC) will affect the water relations and leaf anatomy of tropical species, plants of Jatropha gossypifolia L. and Alternanthera crucis (Moq.) Bondingh were grown in five EC open top chambers (677 μmol mol^-1) and five ambient CO₂ concentration (AC) open top chambers (454 μmol mol^-1) with seasonal drought. No effect of EC was found on morning xylem water potential, leaf osmotic potential, and pressure potential of plants of J. gossypifolia. In A. crucis EC caused a significant increase in morning xylem water...

Grill, D., Tausz, M., De Kok, L.J. (ed.): Significance of Glutathione in Plant Adaptation to the Environment

N. Wilhelmová

Photosynthetica 2002, 40(3):404 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022603814877

Temperature Sensitivity of Photosynthesis in Lolium perenne Swards: A Comparison of Two Methods for Deriving Photosynthetic Parameters from in vivo Measurements

B. O. M. Dirks, M. Van Oijen, A. H. C. M. Schapendonk, J. Goudriaan, J. Wolf

Photosynthetica 2002, 40(3):405-413 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022631226264

The seasonal variation in photosynthetic rate of grass swards is partly the result of changes in the environment and partly the result of changes in the photosynthetic capacity of the sward itself. We evaluated two types of photosynthesis equations regarding their capacity to analyse seasonal and short-term temperature effects on photosynthesis of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Intact cores of a field-grown ryegrass sward were taken to the laboratory 10 d after cutting for measurement of photosynthesis under controlled conditions. This was done during two four-week periods, in summer and autumn. Net photosynthetic rate (P_N)...

Murray, J.D.: Mathematical Biology. I. An Introduction.3^rd Ed.

L. Nátr

Photosynthetica 2002, 40(3):414 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022616217603

Effects of Soil Drought and Atmospheric Humidity on Yield, Gas Exchange, and Stable Carbon Isotope Composition of Barley

M. Sánchez-Díaz, J.L. García, M.C. Antolín, J.L. Araus

Photosynthetica 2002, 40(3):415-421 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022683210334

The combined effects of water status, vapour pressure deficit (VPD), and elevated temperature from heading to maturity were studied in barley. Plants growing at high VPD, either under well-watered or water deficit conditions, had higher grain yield and grain filling rate than plants growing at low VPD. By contrast, water stress decreased grain yield and individual grain dry matter at any VPD. Water regime and to a lesser extent VPD affected δ¹³C of plant parts sampled at mid-grain filling and maturity. The differences between treatments were maximal in mature grains, where high VPD increased δ¹³C for both water regimes....

Govindjee, Šesták, Z., Peters, W.R.: The Early History of "Photosynthetica", "Photosynthesis Research" and their Publishers

Photosynthetica 2002, 40(3):422 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022620318511

Patterns in Fluorescence over a Caribbean Reef Slope: the Coral Genus Madracis

M.J.A. Vermeij, L. Delvoye, G. Nieuwland, R.P.M. Bak

Photosynthetica 2002, 40(3):423-429 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022635327172

Patterns of fluorescence and colony tissue, colour were studied (field observations and epifluorescence microscopy) in six species of the coral genus Madracis over depth from 10 to 60 m at a reef slope in Curaçao. Two functions showed up: (1) Decrease in number of colourmorphs (n = 25) with depth suggests a photo-protective function where short wavelengths (e.g. UV) are transformed to long wavelengths, (2) Green fluorescence, observed in four species over their entire depth range, transforms radiation to wavelengths useful for photosynthesis. The observed patterns in fluorescence between species did not correspond...

Ontogenic Changes in Epicuticular Wax and Chloroplast Integrity of a Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Leaf

B.R. Bondada, D.M. Oosterhuis

Photosynthetica 2002, 40(3):431-436 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022687311243

The progressive decline in cotton leaf photosynthesis with season could be accounted for by gaining an insight into ontogenic changes in chloroplast integrity and epicuticular wax ultrastructure. Therefore, the sequence of ultrastructural changes in chloroplast and epicuticular wax morphology were probed in 10-, 20-, 40-, and 60-d-old cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) leaves using electron microscopy. Scanning electron microscopy illustrated that the epicuticular wax on the periclinal walls of the convex epidermal cells occurred as striations and persisted as such during the course of leaf aging. The degree of wax spread, however, increased as...

Thermal Sensitivity of the Pool Size of Electrons Available to P700⁺ Reduction in Intact Maize Leaves

Ming-Xian Jin, Hualing Mi

Photosynthetica 2002, 40(3):437-439 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022639428081

The relative size of the pool of electrons accumulated in stroma reductants during actinic irradiation, which can be donated to P700⁺via the intersystem chain, was estimated after short-term exposure of intact Zea mays leaves to elevated temperatures. When the temperature increased from 25 to 50 °C by 5 °C steps, the relative size of the stroma electron pool went through a maximum at around 30 °C, and decreased gradually thereafter.

Interrelationship between Leaf Gas-Exchange Characteristics, Area Leaf Mass, and Yield in Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr) Genotypes

Desiraju Subrahmanyam

Photosynthetica 2002, 40(3):441-444 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022691412151

Variability in leaf gas-exchange traits in thirteen soybean (Glycine max L. Merr) genotypes was assessed in a field experiment conducted at high altitude (1 950 m). Leaf net photosynthetic rate (P^N) exhibited a high degree of variability at all the growth stages studied. P_N and other gas-exchange parameters exhibited a seasonal pattern that was similar for all the genotypes. P_N rate was highest at seed filling stage. P_N was positively and significantly associated with aboveground dry matter and seed yield. The area leaf mass (ALM) exhibited a strong positive association...

A Comparison of Photosynthesis in Endangered and Non-Endangered Plants Changium smyrnioides and Anthriscus sylvestris

J. Chang, Y. Ge, Y. J. Lu, X. W. Yin, M. Y. Fan

Photosynthetica 2002, 40(3):445-447 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022643528990

Changium smyrnioides Wolff. and Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm. have similar photosynthetic characters; they use radiant energy in winter and early spring effectively, but cannot take full advantage of higher irradiance after spring. The specific leaf area (SLA), leaf area ratio (LAR), and leaf mass ratio (LMR) of C. smyrnioides were lower than those of A. sylvestris. The photosynthetic period of C smyrnioides was about 160 d shorter than that of A. sylvestris, causing the total photosynthetic production of C. smyrnioides to be lower than that of A. sylvestris. Hence if C. smyrnioides...

Effects of Reddening of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Leaves on Functional Activity of Photosynthetic Apparatus

V. Velikova, T. Tsonev, A. Edreva, A. Gürel, H. Hakerlerler

Photosynthetica 2002, 40(3):449-452 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022695513060

Strong inhibition of rates of CO₂ assimilation and transpiration, stomatal conductance, and water use efficiency as well as photosystem 2 (PS2) photochemical activity were related to the severity of reddening. The inhibition of photosynthesis in red cotton leaves was due to both decreased photochemical activity and stomatal limitation. Lowered photosynthetic capacity could be one of the main factors of reduced yield in reddening cotton.

Notice to Contributors

Photosynthetica 2002, 40(3):1-4 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022672302582

Bibliography of Reviews and Methods of Photosynthesis - 86

Z. Šesták, J. Čatský

Photosynthetica 2002, 40(3):453-480 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1022647629898