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  •  27 May 2021
Open access

Using Additional Moderator to Control the Footprint of a COSMOS Rover for Soil Moisture Measurement

  •  24 May 2021

Key Points

  • The possibility of using high density polyethylene moderator on a set of Cosmic-Ray Neutron Probes (Rovers) to limit the field of view is explored

  • Neutron scattering simulations show that the moderator provides considerable control over the sensor's footprint

  • The Rover was used to conduct measurements on a stubble field to test the system in measuring spatial and temporal soil moisture variation

Open access

Rapid Advances in Mobile Mass Spectrometry Enhance Tracer Hydrology and Water Management

  •  24 May 2021

Key Points

  • New mobile mass spectrometry (MS) systems enable low-cost, high-resolution dissolved gas measurements

  • High-resolution sampling of dissolved gas tracers can provide new insights into hydrologic processes and systems

  • Combining dissolved gas measurements with other experimental and numerical methods has the potential to further hydrological research

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Hyporheic Exchange Driven by Submerged Rigid Vegetation: A Modeling Study

  •  22 May 2021

Key Points

  • Vegetation-induced hyporheic flow was analyzed through experiments with numerical models

  • A set of parsimonious models for predicting vegetation-induced hyporheic flow were developed

  • Compared to dune-induced hyporheic flow, vegetation drives higher hyporheic flux through shallower hyporheic zones

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A Multivariate Approach to Generate Synthetic Short‐To‐Medium Range Hydro‐Meteorological Forecasts Across Locations, Variables, and Lead Times

  •  21 May 2021

Key Points

  • We develop a multivariate synthetic forecast methodology to support design, validation, and testing of forecast informed water management

  • We validate our method in two case studies that illustrate the model’s ability to capture complex forecast behavior

  • We find good model performance in developing synthetic forecasts of both streamflow and meteorology (temperature and precipitation)

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Climatic and Landscape Controls on Long‐Term Baseflow

  •  20 May 2021

Key Points

  • Derived baseflow index (BFI) and baseflow coefficient (BFC) as functions of aridity index, storage capacity index, and a shape parameter

  • When storage capacity index is small (large), BFI is less sensitive to climate aridity index in arid (humid) regions

  • The control of climate variability (particularly seasonality) on BFI is strong, but not for BFC

Open access

GRACEfully Closing the Water Balance: A Data‐Driven Probabilistic Approach Applied to River Basins in Iran

  •  19 May 2021

Key Points

  • A Bayesian hierarchical model fuses water balance data containing unknown bias and random errors

  • The model is solved using a combination of Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling and iterative smoothing

  • Computed posteriors provide hydrologically consistent data error and water balance estimates

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Abiotic Drivers of a Deep Cyanobacteria Layer in a Stratified and Eutrophic Lake

  •  18 May 2021

Key Points

  • A high frequency, long-duration field study reveals diurnal and seasonal trends in cyanobacteria vertical distribution dynamics

  • In a stratified lake environment, magnitude of subsurface cyanobacteria peak concentration is driven primarily by the depth and temperature at the thermocline

  • In a stratified lake environment, center of gravity of subsurface cyanobacterial biomass is driven primarily by the width and temperature of the surface mixed layer

Open access

Spatial Distributions of At‐Many‐Stations Hydraulic Geometry for Mountain Rivers Originated From the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau

  •  17 May 2021

Key Points

  • Cross sections across river reach show strong AMHG relations

  • AMHG strength increases with the increased stream order and contributing area

  • Low b values contribute to congruent hydraulics outside the observed range only for cross sections located in higher-order streams

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Pore‐Scale Modeling of Spontaneous Imbibition in Porous Media Using the Lattice Boltzmann Method

  •  17 May 2021

Key Points

  • A quasi-3D color-gradient model is developed to simulate spontaneous imbibition in porous media micromodel

  • Spontaneous imbibition in a homogeneous micromodel is studied for varying viscosity ratio, surface wettability, and micromodel height

  • Lucas-Washburn equation is demonstrated inapplicable for spontaneous imbibition in considered micromodel due to capillary valve effect

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Effects of vegetation, sediment supply and sea level rise on the morphodynamic evolution of tidal channels

  •  4 June 2021

Key Points

  • We propose a biomorphodynamic model for the quasi-3D equilibrium morphology of tidal channels

  • Vegetation growth produces different competing effects on channel morphology

  • Mathematical modeling provides a useful tool for quantitative long-term tidal biomorphodynamics

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Monitoring and Modeling Drainage Network Contraction and Dry Down in Mediterranean Headwater Catchments

  •  3 June 2021

Key Points

  • For the first time, the network shrinking and dry down in two seasonally dry hot-summer Mediterranean headwater catchments are analyzed

  • Network length dynamics depend on the difference between antecedent accumulated rainfall and evapotranspiration

  • The modeling of the flowing network spatial patterns based on topographic and geological information achieved accuracies up to 92%

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Light and shadow in mapping alpine snowpack with unmanned aerial vehicles in the absence of ground control points

  •  3 June 2021

Key Points

  • Under good lighting conditions results were comparable to previous studies that had used GCPs, with an average RMSE of 0.19 m.

  • When large areas were under shadow from the terrain, or solar light was affected by clouds, the estimated error increased noticeably.

  • UAV with RTK positioning allow a fast acquisition of snow distribution over large areas dramatically reducing the exposure to nature hazards

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Porosity‐permeability evolution during simultaneous mineral dissolution and precipitation

  •  3 June 2021

Key Points

  • The spatial distribution of dissolution and precipitation reactions controls permeability evolution

  • Simultaneous mineral reactions can increase, decrease, or result in little change in permeability

  • Porosity-permeability relationships have limited predictive capability

Open access

A discrete‐domain approach to three‐phase hysteresis in porous media

  •  3 June 2021

Key Points

  • Constrained energy minimization in a discrete-domain model describes three-phase capillary pressure and hysteresis from pore to core scale

  • Inclusion of saturation constraints leads to a variety of three-phase displacements with fluid redistribution, pressure and saturation jumps

  • A fast and flexible method to calculate three-phase capillary pressure for higher-order hysteresis loops

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Roughness calibration to improve flow predictions in coarse‐bed streams

  •  3 June 2021

Key Points

  • Predicting flow resistance using a bed grain size percentile is unreliable in shallow flows over coarse stream beds

  • The alternative of calibrating roughness height in a logarithmic or variable-power resistance equation is tested using data from eight gravel/cobble/boulder reaches

  • Roughness calibration at a single intermediate flow depth greatly improves predictions of velocity at higher and lower depths

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Evaporation through a Dry Soil Layer: Column Experiments

  •  2 June 2021

Key Points

  • Evaporation with dry soil layer (DSL) investigated with laboratory experiments using soil columns under different evaporation conditions.

  • Atmospheric pressure fluctuation has large effect on the evaporation with thick DSL.

  • Both daily changes in solar radiation and different DSL thickness had only a limited effect on soil evaporation with a thick DSL.

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The application of electromagnetic induction methods to reveal the hydrogeological structure of a riparian wetland

  •  2 June 2021

Key Points

  • Raw ECa values are highly correlated with the thickness of alluvial soil in a riparianwetland.

  • Alluvial soil thickness predictions from multi-linear regressions were more accurate thanfrom EMI inversion methods.

  • Robust predictions of hydraulic conductivity across the field site require more extensiveintrusive data.

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Integrating community science research and space‐time mapping to determine depth to groundwater in a remote rural region

  •  2 June 2021

Key Points

  • We built one spatial and two spatiotemporal models using Bayesian Maximum Entropy to estimate Depth to Groundwater in a rural region.

  • The addition of probabilistic data, based on local knowledge collected through Community Science Research, improved the space-time model.

  • The watershed's portion more likely to have shallow depth to groundwater increased from 13% in an average year to 56% in a La Niña year.

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Aquifer Diffusivity Estimation Through Joint Inversion of the Amplitude Ratios and Time Lags of Dominant Frequencies of Fluctuating Head

  •  28 May 2021

Key Points

  • Aquifer diffusivity was estimated by inverting attenuation and lag of several dominant constituents in water level fluctuations induced by a tidal river.

  • The attenuation and the lag of five constituents were analyzed either independently or simultaneously with the Jacob-Ferris model.

  • The estimated diffusivities using the most representative well pairs have very good agreement with estimates from a pumping test.

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Accuracy of scaled GRACE terrestrial water storage estimates

Key Points

  • We present gridded gain factors and error maps for GRACE
  • Measurement and leakage errors are taken into account
  • The new method does not require the use of spherical harmonics by the users

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The WFDEI meteorological forcing data set: WATCH Forcing Data methodology applied to ERA‐Interim reanalysis data

Key Points

  • Global three hourly meteorological forcing data at half-degree spatial resolution
  • Covers 1979–2012
  • Improvements compared to the WATCH forcing data

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Open access

The Millennium Drought in southeast Australia (2001–2009): Natural and human causes and implications for water resources, ecosystems, economy, and society

Key Points

  • Drivers and impacts of Australia's record drought were analyzed
  • Impacts accumulated and propagated through the water cycle at different rates
  • Future droughts may not be managed better than past ones.

Open access

Quantifying renewable groundwater stress with GRACE

Key Points:

  • Renewable groundwater stress is quantified in the world's largest aquifers
  • Characteristic stress regimes are defined to determine the severity of stress
  • Overstressed aquifers are mainly in rangeland biomes with some croplands

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The science and practice of river restoration

Key Points

  • River restoration is a prominent area of applied water-resources science
  • restoration includes connectivity, physical-biotic interactions, and history
  • effective restoration requires collaboration among scientists and practitioners

Open access

Satellite Remote Sensing for Water Resources Management: Potential for Supporting Sustainable Development in Data‐Poor Regions

Key Points

  • Satellite remote sensing is being incorporated into water resources management but is generally underutilized
  • New and proposed missions have the potential to transform water resources management for sustainable development, especially in data-poor regions
  • Ongoing challenges of accuracy, sampling, and continuity and capacity development need to be addressed, as well as new challenges of information volume and diversity

Open access

A Transdisciplinary Review of Deep Learning Research and Its Relevance for Water Resources Scientists

Key Points

  • Deep learning (DL) is transforming many scientific disciplines, but its adoption in hydrology is gradual
  • DL can help tackle interdisciplinarity, data deluge, unrecognized linkages, and long-standing challenges such as scaling and equifinality
  • The new field of AI neuroscience opens up many opportunities for scientists to use DL as an exploratory tool for scientific advancement

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