As explained in our Privacy Policy, the Service collects information through the use of "cookies" or similar technologies. Cookies are widely used in order to make websites and applications work, or work more efficiently, and help them remember certain information about you, either for the duration of your visit (using a "session" cookie) or for repeat visits (using a "persistent" cookie).
The cookies used on this website are as follows:
- Strictly necessary cookies. These cookies are essential in order to enable you to move around the website and use its features, such as accessing secure areas of the website. For example, authentication and security cookies are used to identify and recognize registered users and to enable them to gain access to requested content or features. Without these cookies, services you have asked for cannot be provided.
- Functionality cookies. These cookies allow our websites to remember the choices you make and your account preferences and to provide enhanced, more personal features. For example, these cookies will remember your log-in details.
- Performance cookies. These are analytics and research cookies that allow us to collect information about how visitors use a website, for instance which pages visitors go to most often, and if they get error messages from web pages. This helps us to improve the way the website works and allows us to test different ideas on the site.
- Targeting cookies. These cookies record your visit to the website, the pages you have visited and the links you have followed. We will use this information to make the website and the advertising displayed on it more relevant to your interests. We may also share this information with third parties for this purpose.
The table below explains performance and targeting cookies from our suppliers and their purpose. Please note that the cookies and other technologies may change over time.
| Service | Purpose | More Info |
| Google Analytics with Display Advertising, Google Remarketing and Google DoubleClick | These web analytics cookies, provided by Google Inc., are used to collect information about how visitors use our site. We use the information to compile reports and to help us improve the site. In addition, we use first-party cookies (such as the Google Analytics cookie) and third-party cookies (such as the Google DoubleClick cookie) together to inform, optimise and serve ads based on someone's past visits to our website and report how ad impressions, other uses of ad services and interactions with these ad impressions and ad services are related to visits to our site. | See Google Analytics Cookies and Privacy Controls and DoubleClick Privacy and Security |
| Adobe Analytics and Adobe Audience Manager | These web analytics cookies, provided by Adobe Systems Inc., are used to differentiate requests from different browsers and to store helpful information that an application can use later. They may also be used to associate browsing information to customer records. In particular, Analytics uses cookies to anonymously define new visitors, help analyze clickstream data, and track historical activity on the website, such as response to particular campaigns or the length of the sales cycle. | See Adobe Analytics Cookies Controls |
| Optimizely | These cookies, provided by Optimizely Inc., are used to provide an A/B testing framework that helps us to experiment with new features on our site and analyse how those features are performing. | See Optimizely Privacy Policy |
| Usabilla | These cookies, provided by Usabilla, are used for their embedded feedback application so that we can gather and make best use of customer feedback and ensure that you do not see a survey you have completed again and again. | See Usabilla Privacy Policy |
| Inspectlet | Inspectlet monitors site's visitors in real-time and relays this information back to the servers, where it's compiled and presented. Sensitive information obtained is anonymized and only a portion of visitors is tracked (sampled tracking). | See Inspectlet Privacy Policy |
| These cookies, provided by Facebook, are set when a visitor is logged in to or otherwise using their service. This allows a user to easily comment or share an article with their peers through the social network. They also help us measure and optimise the effectiveness of our online marketing campaigns and service you with advertisements that may be relevant to you and your interests. | See Facebook Cookies Policy | |
| These cookies, provided by Twitter, are used in conjunction with the Twitter social plugins in order to allow following our Twitter account easily, share content via Twitter, and to display the latest tweet. Twitter makes use of cookies to improve its own service. They also help us measure and optimise the effectiveness of our online marketing campaigns and service you with advertisements that may be relevant to you and your interests. | See Twitter Privacy Policy | |
| Trade Desk* | Capturing non-personally identifiable information, such as date and time of the request, pages viewed, browser type, the referring URL, and computer’s operating system. | See Trade Desk Privacy Policy |
| Criteo | These advertising tracking cookies, provided by Criteo Corp., are used to enable retargeting of third-party-delivered advertisements that may be of interest to you as you browse the internet. They are also used to limit the number of times you see an advertisement and help measure the effectiveness of the advertising campaign. | See Criteo Privacy Policy |
| AddThis* | These cookies, provided by Clearspring Technologies, Inc., are used in conjunction with the AddThis Button to enable you to share our content through email, social networking sites, blogs and more. | See AddThis Privacy and Data Practices |
| ShareThis* | These cookies, provided by ShareThis Inc., are used in conjunction with the ShareThis Button to enable you to share our content through email, social networking sites, blogs and more. | See ShareThis Privacy Policy |
| Matomo (prev. Piwik) | To track visitors, Matomo (Piwik) by default uses 1st party cookies, set on the domain of your website. | See Matomo Privacy Policy |
| Brightcove | Brightcove is a Video Player, by default, does not use any cookies. However, Brightcove supplied plugins and other third-party player plugins may use cookies. The cookies used by third-parties plugins are controlled by the third parties. Please check in with such third parties for a description of the cookies used in their plugins. | See Brightcove Privacy Policy |
| Azalead | Capturing the IP address and page view activity of all site visitors. The pixel data is used to identify site visitors based on the visitor's IP address as part of the Elsevier Account-Based Marketing initiative. Azalead also captures email engagement activity based on the recipient opening the email, this information is used to track account-level engagement. | See Azalead Privacy Policy |
| Google Maps | These cookies are used by Google to store user preferences and information when viewing pages with Google maps on them. | See Google Privacy Policy |
| Confirmit | Survey software used to enhance website experience based on user feedback. | See Confirmit Privacy Policy |
| Yotpo* | Ratings and review widget allowing users to place and view reviews of books available on elsevier.com. | See Yotpo Privacy Policy |
| Baidu | These advertising tracking cookies are used to enable retargeting of third-party-delivered advertisements that may be of interest to you as you browse the internet. | See Baidu Privacy Policy |
| BrightTalk | For webinars Elsevier.com embeds the BrightTalk functiality for signing-up and attend webinars. Users can update/remove their webinar accounts at BrightTalk | See BrightTalk Privacy Policy |
| Disqus* | Elsevier Connect functionality allowing user to interact with and comment on our stories. | See Disqus Privacy Policy |
| * Cookies in embedded content on Elsevier.com | ||
- Please note that during your visits to this website you may notice some cookies that are external to this list.
- The above cookies are embedded on elsevier.com and may be presented with cookies from these websites and these third-party cookies may track your use of the Elsevier.com website. Elsevier.com does not control the dissemination of these cookies and you should check the relevant third party's website for more information.
How to refuse the use of cookies
You can prevent your browser from accepting certain cookies, have the browser require your consent before a new cookie is placed in your browser, or block cookies altogether by selecting the appropriate settings on your browser privacy preferences menu. To avoid receiving cookies on the browser of your mobile device, you will need to refer to its user manual. For information on how to opt-out of cookies set by our suppliers, please visit the applicable links listed in the table above.
The links below will help you find the settings for some common browsers:
- Manage cookie settings in Chrome and Chrome Android and Chrome iOS
- Manage cookie settings in Safari and Safari iOS
- Manage cookie settings in Firefox
- Manage cookie settings in Internet Explorer
- Manage cookie settings in Opera
Last revised: 02.05.2018