Diatom resting stage assemblages were quantified and their relationship to the sea-ice dynamics in the Pacific Arctic region was explored.

Diatom composition follows spatial patterns that depend upon the variable timing of sea-ice retreat and accompanying light conditions.

Abundance of resting stage diatom cells in sediments varied by several orders of magnitude across the study region.

Three regional biogeochemical models of the Argentine Basin with increasing resolution are run to study the effect on fluxes and transports

Upward heat transport and surface heat flux are enhanced in the eddying model

Surface carbon fluxes do not differ by resolution but eddies transport anomalous carbon downwards

A newly identified deep countercurrent, named STDCC, has been found in the subtropical northwest Pacific from observations and ocean reanalyses

STDCC is identified in the latitudinal range of 19° – 25°N extending from 125° to 180°E with its core appearing between the depths of 1,250 and 2,000 m

The generation of STDCC is strongly associated with the westward-propagating eddies

The southern branch of the South Equatorial Current is a multi-banded flow with surface signatures arising from different subsurface cores.

The vertical extension and core depth of the bands increase poleward, while their core velocities increase equatorward.

The multi-banded flow seasonality modulates the annual cycle of the Brazil Current origin site and of the semi-permanent eddies off Brazil.

Surface water Cd, Cu and Zn controlled by phytoplankton uptake and regeneration.

Zn concentrations were elevated in the Kuroshio surface waters.

Deep water Cd, Cu and Zn distributions followed water mass mixing patterns.

The singular value decomposition method is used to evaluate the eigenmodes of the tsunami inundation depth distribution and reduce the computational cost.

The variations in three variables are considered earthquake fault uncertainties: the fault depth, slip amount, and slip distribution.

A time-dependent probabilistic tsunami inundation assessment is performed with the BPT distribution to account for seismic imminence.

Waves, rather than currents, are the primary source of bottom stress, though their importance is greatly diminished by the presence of vegetation

Sediment concentration tended to increase with shear stress, but only after stresses exceeded 0.01-0.02 Pa

Hydrodynamics in the presence of vegetation were more favorable to floc formation

Variations of the Kuroshio in the Luzon Strait (LS) were examined by analyzing sectional water temperature and sea-level anomaly data

Kuroshio-South China Sea water exchange contributes to the opposite seasonal variation in volume transport from east of Luzon to the LS

Westward propagated eddies along 21-24N and variations from the North Equatorial Current bifurcation impact the Kuroshio in the LS

We present the first multi-year mooring-based observations of the Atlantic Water recirculation at the prime meridian

At 78°50’N we observe a continuous westward flow, present throughout the year and most affected by eddies in spring

At 80°10’N we only observe passing eddies, which are strongest during late autumn and winter, and absent during summer

An Hg isotope mixing model revealed that Hg source contributions varied significantly among different sites and periods

Rapid industrialization and urbanization development since the 1980s have significantly increased Hg especially industrial Hg inputs

Notable even-isotope mass independent fractionation signatures were observed in one core, pointing to a source of atmospheric Hg⁰