Primary production and silicon utilization outside the Transpolar Drift are higher than under its influence due to more light availability

Primary production and lateral water transport under the Transpolar Drift influence were identified from silicon isotope composition

The Transpolar Drift delivers high dissolved silicon to the surface Arctic Ocean, a unique feature not seen in any other open ocean

The structure and magnitude of vertical mixing varied dramatically over the annual stratification cycle in a large, deep lake

Density stratification limited mixing over the summer, while weak velocity shear restricted mixed layer growth during the transitional fall

Radiative convection and wind shear drove full water-column mixing over the convective spring, which occurred locally for >100 days/year

Time series of current velocity and water density were obtained at K2 in the western subarctic North Pacific

Shear-driven vertical mixing is strengthened by the El Niño-related current velocity change

El Niño enhances upward dissolved inorganic carbon flux beneath the winter mixed layer and accelerates the acidification

Effective drag is ∼3–12 times greater than bed drag in intertidal creeks with channel widths less than 5 m

Within a confined drainage area, multiple creeks have differing flood/ebb durations, and opposite net water and suspended solids transport (i.e., net import or export)

Tidal creek flows regularly to exchange and interact with one another

Winter positive surface-bottom temperature differences were reported in northeastern coastal waters of the Shandong Peninsula

There were significant monthly and interannual variations, peaking in December/January of each year and in 2018 during 2017–2020

The underlying dynamics involved combined effects of prevailing winter monsoon winds and resultant surface heat loss and current advection

Biodegradation of oceanic dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was enhanced during the Kuroshio Current intrusion to South China Sea (SCS)

Changes of environmental contexts, such as nutrients supply and microbial species, stimulated the biodegradation

The remineralization of Kuroshio-intruded DOC may partially support the export production in SCS

In the Chukchi marginal area (CMA), aragonite saturation state (Ω_arag) at the surface was determined mainly by the mixing of seawater and fresh water

In the East Siberian marginal area, Ω_arag was affected by freshwater mixing, biological production, and lateral mixing

In the near future, most of surface waters in the CMA will be undersaturated with respect to aragonite

Video monitoring allows the characterization of pelagic sargassum beaching and wrack dynamics

Sargassum deposits are removed from the beach and resuspended under elevated water levels and increased wave action

Nearshore sargassum mat size decreases with increasing wave and wind energy

PV destruction by down-front winds seemed to be quite a general oceanic feature

Inclusion of sub-mesoscales SM (0.1–10) km changes that substantially

PV destruction is no longer a general oceanic feature. It is restricted to regimes where the SM Rossby Number Ro < 1 or Ro > 10