Photosynthetica - Ahead of Print
Impacts of low pH and low salinity induced by acid rain on the photosynthetic activity of green tidal alga Ulva prolifera
Z.F. ZHAO, Z.Y. LIU, S. QIN, X.H. WANG, W.L. SONG, K. LIU, L.C. ZHUANG, S.Z. XIAO, Z.H. ZHONG
Photosynthetica X:X | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2021.036 
Acid rain is a serious environmental problem and has obvious impacts on the growth, reproduction, and photosynthesis of terrestrial plants. Ulva prolifera, a main blooming species of green tides, was studied on its physiological response to acid rain. The photosynthetic parameters were determined under different conditions (salinity: 1, 10, 30‰; pH: 3.0, 3.5, 4.5; duration: 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 h) followed by 24-h recovering under natural conditions. Results showed 1-h treatment with pH 3.5 caused 50-70% reduction in the maximal quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm) and effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry...
Assessing shade stress in leaves of turf-type tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)
Q. HE, D. LI
Photosynthetica X:X | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2021.037
Shade treatment was applied to tall fescue with 30% full light. The results showed that shade increased chlorophyll (Chl) content per unit leaf mass, decreased the Chl a/b ratio in the mature leaves, and decreased effective quantum yield based on Chl fluorescence compared to the full light treatment. Shade stress did not cause increased contents of malondiadehyde at the early stages of leaf development. However, normalized vegetation indices were able to detect shade stress. Chloroplasts in the shaded leaves are arranged tightly against the periclinal cell wall and are in a spindle shape. There were no differences in the number of grana...
Effects of exposure of the leaf abaxial surface to direct solar radiation on the leaf anatomical traits and photosynthesis of soybean (Glycine max L.) in dryland farming systems
C. WANG, Y.M. DU, J.X. ZHANG, J.T. REN, P. HE, T. WEI, W. XIE, H.K. YANG, J.X. ZHANG
Photosynthetica X:X | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2021.038
The frequent occurrence of monsoon winds usually leads to the formation of inverted soybean leaves. However, the effect of leaf inversion on photosynthetic capacity remains unclear. The responses of leaf anatomical traits, chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetics parameters, photosynthetic capacity, and nonstructural carbohydrates of fully expanded leaves to inversion of leaves in two soybean cultivars were studied. Leaf inversion decreased the stomatal size and thickness of developed leaves. The net photosynthetic rate was significantly reduced under leaf inversion, which resulted from reduced excitation energy trapping and electron transport of...
Morphophysiological responses of Crambe abyssinica Hochst. lineages submitted to water deficit during flowering
P.C.S. BRAGA, J.P.R. MARTINS, R. BONOMO, A.R. FALQUETO
Photosynthetica X:X | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2021.039
Water deficit (WD) at the start of the flowering stage can negatively affect the productivity of plants. The aim was to investigate the morphophysiological strategies of two crambe lineages (FMS CR 1326 and 1307) submitted to WD during the flowering stage and their connection with the progeny's germination. Plants were submitted to WD at the start of flowering for 12 d and then were irrigated again (water resumption, WR). As a control, plants were cultivated with uninterrupted daily irrigation. Under WD, reductions were observed in the stomatal conductance, the number of xylem vessels, and the mass of grains. Positive K- and L-bands occurred, indicating...
Effect of elevation on photosynthesis of young mango (Mangifera indica L.) trees
T.T. WUBSHET, Z. WANG, J. YANG, H. CHEN, D.A. SCHAEFER, S.D. GOLDBERG, P.E. MORTIMER, P. LU, J. XU
Photosynthetica X:X | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2021.040
Anticipating warming related to climate change, commercial mango plantations in China have been shifting from lower to higher elevations. Such a practice may expose mangoes to climatic conditions that could affect photosynthesis. Photosynthesis research on mango has previously examined mature plantations but exploring adequate functions before the time of fruit production is necessary for later crop success. Therefore, we established two main commercial mango cultivars, Tainong No. 1 and Jinhuang, at 450 m and 1,050 m and examined their photosynthetic performance. Our results showed that photosynthetic capacity parameters, including maximum photosynthetic...
Contents of photosynthetic pigments and ratios of chlorophyll a/b and chlorophylls to carotenoids (a+b)/(x+c) in C4 plants as compared to C3 plants
H.K. LICHTENTHALER, F. BABANI
Photosynthetica X:X | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2021.041
The content of chlorophylls (Chl) (a+b), total carotenoids (x+c), and the pigment ratios of Chl a/b and Chls to carotenoids (a+b)/(x+c) of green leaves of five C4 plants were determined and compared to those of C3 plants. The C4 plants were: Pacific and Chinese silvergrass (Miscanthus floridulus and Miscanthus sinensis), sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum) as well as feed and sugar maize (Zea mays). The three C3 plants were beech, ginkgo, and oak. C4 plants possess higher values for the ratio Chl a/b...
Photosynthetic apparatus performance and anatomical modulations of Alcantarea imperialis (Bromeliaceae) exposed to selenium during in vitro growth
J.P.R. MARTINS, S.W. MOREIRA, P.C.S. BRAGA, L.T. CONDE, R. CIPRIANO, A.R. FALQUETO, A.B.P.L. GONTIJO
Photosynthetica X:X | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2021.042
Elements not usually included in culture medium formulations, such as selenium (Se), may have beneficial effects on micropropagated plants. We evaluated the effects of Se on the physiological and anatomical responses of Alcantarea imperialis during in vitro culture. Plants were cultured in a medium containing a gradient of Se concentrations (0, 4, 8, 16, or 32 µM Se). After 56 d, the growth traits, chlorophyll a fluorescence, and root and leaf anatomy were analyzed. The fresh mass declined at the highest Se concentration. Higher Se concentrations induced bigger stomata, while the stomatal density decreased. Plants cultured...
Effects of temperature and nitrogen application on photosynthetic characteristics and the absorption and distribution of carbon and nitrogen in apple plants
H.H. ZHANG, H.F. LIU, Z. LI, H.F. DING, Z.X. XUE, F.Y. ZHAO, S.L. YU, K. YU
Photosynthetica X:X | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2021.044
Low temperature has negative effects on apple photosynthesis by inhibiting the accumulations of photosynthates and nitrogen. The interactive effects of low temperature and nitrogen application on photosynthetic parameters and the absorption and distribution of carbon and nitrogen in different organs were assessed to investigate if nitrogen application can relieve the low-temperature stress on gas exchange and the accumulations of carbon and nitrogen inside the apple plants. No matter under normal or low-temperature conditions, nitrogen application both improved the photosynthetic parameters including net photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO2...
PSII photochemistry responses to drought stress in autochthonous and modern sweet cherry cultivars
I. MIHALJEVIĆ, M. VILJEVAC VULETIĆ, V. TOMAŠ, D. HORVAT, Z. ZDUNIĆ, D. VUKOVIĆ
Photosynthetica X:X | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2021.045
In this study, the JIP test was used to assess the drought tolerance of two sweet cherry cultivars (Prunus avium L.) (modern and autochthonous). Plants were exposed to progressive drought by withholding water and their fast (< 1 s) chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics was evaluated. JIP test analysis showed that drought stress caused a greater decrease in performance indices (PIABS and PItotal) in a modern cultivar, as compared to an autochthonous one. Our results suggest that limited reoxidation of primary quinone electron acceptor (QA), higher amount of secondary quinone electron acceptor (QB-)...
Blue light dosage affects photosynthesis, chlorophyll, and antioxidant properties of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum
H. ZHANG, Y. TU, J. KANG, W. SONG, L. ZHENG
Photosynthetica X:X | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2021.046
Mesembryanthemum crystallinum is an annual succulent plant that is being used as an emerging healthy leafy vegetable. To investigate the growth and physiological response of M. crystallinum to artificial lighting, five different light treatments were applied at 150 µmol(photon) m-2 s-1, which were white (W), different rations of red/blue (B) (15, 40, and 70%B), and blue (100%B), respectively. Our results showed that plants could gain as much as edible leaf area and dry mass with a certain ratio of blue (40%) in comparison with W. Plants grown under 100%B resulted in reduced photosynthetic rate, leaf area, and fresh...
Photosynthetic traits and biochemical responses in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) leaves supplemented with LED lights
G. LAURIA, E. LO PICCOLO, E. PELLEGRINI, E. BELLINI, T. GIORDANI, L. GUIDI, G. LORENZINI, F. MALORGIO, R. MASSAI, C. NALI, L. PAOLI, D. REMORINI, L. SANITA' DI TOPPI, P. VERNIERI, M. LANDI
Photosynthetica X:X | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2021.048
Selected light wavebands promote plant development and/or the biosynthesis of targeted metabolites. This work offers new insights on the effects of red (R), green (G), blue (B), and white (W - R:G:B; 1:1:1) LED light supplementation on physiochemical traits of strawberry leaves. Gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, photosynthetic pigments, and superoxide anion (*O2-) content were analysed in plants grown for 1 (T1) and 17 (T17) d with light supplementations. At T1, light supplementations resulted in the enhancement of the de-epoxidation state of xanthophylls and nonphotochemical quenching, but no changes...