Cd/Fe Interaction in Higher Plants - Its Consequences for the Photosynthetic Apparatus

A. Siedlecka, Z. Krupa

Photosynthetica 1998, 36(3):321-331 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1007097518297

Cadmium is one of the most dangerous environmental pollutants, affecting, among other things, plant mineral composition. It easily interacts with iron, one of the most important elements for plant growth and metabolism. This interaction, including modifying effects of lowered or excessive Fe supply on Cd-exposed plants and its consequences for the photosynthetic apparatus is reviewed. The influence of modified Fe and Cd supply on the uptake of both metals, their distribution, plant growth, and photosynthesis is also explained. Moderate Fe excess has a beneficial influence on Cd-treated plants, resulting in more intensive growth, photosynthetic pigments...

Briscoe, M.H.: Preparing Scientific Illustrations. 2 Ed.

Z. Šesták

Photosynthetica 1998, 36(3):332 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1007048708655

Red Radiation and Choline Compounds Influence Growth and Greening of Wheat Seedlings

E.F. Kobzar, V.D. Kreslavskiï, E.N. Muzafarov

Photosynthetica 1998, 36(3):333-340 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1007029402368

The effects of 2-chloroethyltrimethylammonium chloride (CCh), 2-ethyltrimethylammonium chloride (Ch), and acetylcholine chloride (ACh) at concentrations of 1 µM - 5 mM and of red radiation (R) pulse on growth, greening, and formation of the photosynthetic apparatus in etiolated wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Moskovskaya-35) were examined. A short-term application of cholines and R pulse stimulated the first leaf growth and its appearance from coleoptile, and inhibited the coleoptile growth. The effects of cholines were observed during 96 h after the treatment of 4-d-old seedlings and depended on the type and the concentration of cholines....

Carbon Balance of a Winter Wheat-Root Microbiota System Under Elevated CO2

H. Šantrůčková, J. Šantrůček, J. Květoň, M. Šimková, D. Elhottová, K. Roháček

Photosynthetica 1998, 36(3):341-354 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1007081419206

We examined the carbon budget of young winter wheat plants and their associated microorganisms as affected by a doubling of the atmospheric CO₂ concentration (700 µmol mol^-1). Plants were grown hydroponically in pre-sterilised sand at a controlled irradiance and temperature regime. Net photosynthesis (P_N) and respiration (R_D) rates of roots and shoots were measured continuously, plant growth and carbon distribution in the plant-root medium-associated microorganism system were determined destructively in interval-based analyses. P_N in elevated CO₂ grown plants (EC) was 123% of that...

Reflectance Indices Indicative of Changes in Water and Pigment Contents of Peanut and Wheat Leaves

J. Peñuelas, Y. Inoue

Photosynthetica 1998, 36(3):355-360 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1007033503276

Measurements of reflectance in visible and near-infrared spectral regions were made on detached leaves of two crop species of different leaf morphology, structure, and water content (peanut and wheat) throughout progressive desiccation. Relative water content (RWC) was well correlated with water index (WI) but even better with the ratio of WI and normalized difference vegetation index. RWC was also significantly correlated with structural independent pigment index indicative of carotenoids/chlorophyll ratio. New indication is thus provided to assess leaf water content and apply simple and fast radiometric techniques for plant water stress management.

Changes in the Pools of Carotenoids and Protochlorophyll(ide) in Etiolated Cucumber (Cucumis Sativus) Cotyledons Treated with Norflurazon and KC 6361

S. Jung, J.S. Kim, K.Y. Cho, B.G. Kang

Photosynthetica 1998, 36(3):361-373 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1007099901386

Changes in the pools of carotenoids and protochlorophyll(ide) were investigated in etiolated cucumber cotyledons treated with norflurazon (NF) and an experimental herbicide KC 6361 (KC). Both the NF- and the KC-treated tissues considerably accumulated the colourless carotenes phytoene and phytofluene with a concomitant depletion of the coloured carotenoids lutein and β-carotene in darkness. However, the profiles of changes in chlorophylls (Chls) and carotenoids were different for the two herbicides. The plants were also influenced by the photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD's), with a more pronounced decline of Chl under high PPFD than under...

Becker, W.M., Reece, J.B., Poenie, M.F. (ed.): The World of the Cell. 3 Ed.

J. Kutík

Photosynthetica 1998, 36(3):374 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1007044607747

Effects of Salinity on Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Photosynthesis of Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.) Grown Under a Triple-Line-Source Sprinkler System in the Field

R. Belkhodja, F. Morales, A. Abadía, H. Medrano, J. Abadía

Photosynthetica 1998, 36(3):375-387 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1007019918225

In flag leaves of four cultivars of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grown in the field under a triple-line-source sprinkler system, that produces a linear soil salinity gradient, a decrease in net carbon dioxide assimilation rate (P_N) and stomatal conductance for water vapour (gs) was found. These changes were related to salinity tolerance at moderate salinity. With increasing salinity, P_N was saturated at low irradiances and stomatal frequencies increased. A decrease in photosystem 2 (PS2) efficiency was not found in the field after dark adaptation even at high salinity. Salinity induced only small decreases in the actual PS2 efficiency...

Michel-Beyerle, M.-E. (ed.): The Reaction Center of Photosynthetic Bacteria. Structure and Dynamics

Z. Šesták

Photosynthetica 1998, 36(3):388 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1007057026402

Role of Nitrate in Photosynthetic Electron Transport of Chlorella Vulgaris

M. El-Anwar H. Osman, A.H. El-Naggar

Photosynthetica 1998, 36(3):389-395 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1007071902295

Addition of nitrate to a suspension of NO₃ ^--depleted Chlorella vulgaris cells raised the O₂-evolving capacity of the organism by 60%. The rate of O₂-evolution under flash irradiation of the depleted cells was drastically reduced, which could be restored by addition of NO₃ ^-. The 2,5-dibromo-3-methyl-6-isopropyl-p-benzoquinone (DBMIB)-insensitive O₂-evolution, i.e., photosystem (PS) 2 activity of NO₃--depleted cells, showed a 75% stimulation by addition of NO₃ ^-. PS1-mediated electron transport was also stimulated (50%) by addition of NO₃...

Poynter, D.: The Self-Publishing Manual. 9 Ed.

Z. Šesták

Photosynthetica 1998, 36(3):396 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1007009127311

Gas Exchange and Chlorophyll Fluorescence of C3 and C4 Saltmarsh Species

F.J.J. Nieva, E.M. Castellanos, M.E. Figueroa, F. Gil

Photosynthetica 1998, 36(3):397-406 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1007024019133

Spartina maritima (Curtis) Fernald, Spartina densiflora Brong, Arthrocnemum perenne (Miller) Moss, and Arthrocnemum fruticosum (L.) Moq are very frequent halophytes on the coasts of SW Europe. The first two are perennial Gramineae with C₄ metabolism; the last two are perennial Chenopodiaceae with C₃ metabolism. Controlled garden experiments were carried out with the four species to compare their physiological response, i.e., water potential (Ψ), net photosynthetic rate (P_N), transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (g_s), intercellular CO₂ concentration (Ci), and chlorophyll fluorescence...

The Photosynthetic Characteristics of Saplings of Eight Canopy Tree Species in a Disturbed Neotropical Rain Forest

N.E. Vera, B. Finegan, A.C. Newton

Photosynthetica 1998, 36(3):407-422 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1007076103204

Foliar gas exchange characteristics, understorey microclimate, and crown irradiation were assessed for saplings of eight canopy tree species in two plots of neotropical rain forest with different degrees of canopy opening. Species studied belonged to different putative guilds: shade intolerants (both short-lived--pioneers--and long-lived), intermediates, and shade-tolerants. A considerable overlap was recorded between species in values of the photosynthetic rate per unit leaf area (P_N). The highest median P_N (1.26 µmol m^-2 s^-1) was recorded in the pioneer Croton killipianus, while slightly lower median...

Gas Exchange in Olive Fruit

P. Proietti, F. Famiani, A. Tombesi

Photosynthetica 1998, 36(3):423-432 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1007028220042

Dry matter (DM) of olive fruit (cv. Leccino) constantly increased from fruit-set (mid-June) to the end of October. The oil content increased rapidly from the beginning of August, about 40-50 d after full bloom (AFB), to the end of October. As the oil content increased, the saccharide content decreased. On a DM basis, fruit dark respiration rate (R_D) and stomatal conductance (G_s) were high soon after fruit-set, then strongly decreased. Gross photosynthetic rate (P_G) in full sunlight was high in the first 3 weeks after fruit-set, when the chlorophyll (Chl) content and the ratio between fruit surface area and volume were...

Specific Degradation of D1 Protein during Exposure of Thylakoid Membranes to High Temperature in the Dark

A.K. Singh, G.S. Singhal

Photosynthetica 1998, 36(3):433-440 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1007080204112

Exposure of thylakoid membranes to high temperature in dark leads to the degradation of D1 protein. Maximum degradation of D1 protein occurred at 45 °C. Using N-terminal specific D1 antibody, a 23 kDa fragment of D1 protein was detected. The degradation of D1 protein could be prevented both by radical scavengers and inhibitors of serine protease and metallo-protease. These results suggest that degradation of D1 protein during exposure of thylakoid membranes to high temperature in dark is catalyzed by protease.

Influence of Phosphorus and Endomycorrhiza (Glomus Intraradices) on gas exchange and plant growth of Chile Ancho Pepper (Capsicum Annuum L. cv. San Luis)

L. Aguilera-Gomez, F.T. Jr. Davies, V. Olalde-Portugal, S.A. Duray, L. Phavaphutanon

Photosynthetica 1998, 36(3):441-449 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1007032320951

Seedlings of chile ancho pepper were grown in pots containing a pasteurized mixture of sand and a low phosphorus (P) sandy loam soil, and either inoculated (VAM) or not inoculated (NVAM) with the endomycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices. Long Ashton nutrient solution (LANS) was modified to supply P to the seedlings at 0, 11, and 44 g(P) m^-3 (P₀, P11, P₄₄, respectively). Low P depressed net photosynthetic rate (P_N), stomatal conductance (gs), phosphorus use efficiency (P_N/P), and internal CO₂ concentration (C_i). The mycorrhiza alleviated low P effects by increasing P_N,...

Davis, M.: Scientific Papers and Presentations

Z. Šesták

Photosynthetica 1998, 36(3):450 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1007052825494

Photoabatement by Anthocyanin Shields Photosynthetic Systems from Light Stress

R.M. Smillie, S.E. Hetherington

Photosynthetica 1998, 36(3):451-463 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1007084321859

Leaves and other chlorophyllous tissues of plants often show transient or permanent anthocyanin coloration. The question of whether anthocyanins can function as effective light screens to modulate photosynthesis in plants was addressed by comparing photosynthetic responses in reddish-purple pods with those in green pods of the ornamental leguminous tree Bauhinia variegata. For these comparisons the actinic radiation employed was either red radiation (RR) which was poorly absorbed by anthocyanin or blue-green radiation (BGR) which was strongly absorbed by anthocyanin. Photon yields of photosystem 2 (PS2) photochemistry and photochemical chlorophyll...

Lüttge, U.: Physiological Ecology of Tropical Plants

J. Čatský

Photosynthetica 1998, 36(3):464 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1007004909564

Use of Photosynthesis and Transpiration for Early Selection of Salt Tolerant Triticales

A. Morant-Avice, R. Houchi, P. Jurvilliers, G. Tremblin

Photosynthetica 1998, 36(3):465-469 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1007088405929

Three cultivars of winter hexaploid triticales M2A/JAIN, DF 99/Yogu "S5", and Asseret were grown on nutrient solution with or without 75 mM NaCl. Stomatal permeability and transpiration rate decreased in all salt-stressed triticale cultivars. Net photosynthetic rate (P_N) of cv. M2A and Asseret was not affected by NaCl. On the contrary, P_N in cv. DF99 was reduced in relation to control plants. A higher water-use efficiency under saline conditions led to better salt tolerance of cv. M2A compared to cvs. Asseret and DF99.

Whimster, W.F.: Biomedical Research

Z. Šesták

Photosynthetica 1998, 36(3):470 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1007013211381

Ecophysiological Responses to Neighbor Removal in an Old-Field and a Prairie in Northeastern Kansas, USA

F. Norman, C.E. Martin

Photosynthetica 1998, 36(3):471-476 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1007040506838

An ecophysiological approach was used to determine if competition can be detected among plants in a recently abandoned old-field and in a native tallgrass prairie in northeastern Kansas. In situ photosynthetic parameters and water potentials (Ψ) of target plants were measured 1-2 d after neighbor (intra- and interspecific) removal as well as 1-4 weeks later, and compared with values for plants with neighbors. Only two of the six study species (four old-field and two prairie species) responded to removal of neighboring plants, and only after several weeks had elapsed. Net photosynthetic rates (P_N) and stomatal conductances (g_s)...

Notice to Contributors

Photosynthetica 1998, 36(3):477 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1017266423676