"Photosynthetica" in its Seventh Five-Year Period

Photosynthetica 2001, 39(4):496 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1017440524289

Photoinhibition of Photosynthesis: Role of Carotenoids in Photoprotection of Chloroplast Constituents

N.K. Choudhury, R.K. Behera

Photosynthetica 2001, 39(4):481-488 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1015647708360

Exposure of plants to irradiation, in excess to saturate photosynthesis, leads to reduction in photosynthetic capacity without any change in bulk pigment content. This effect is known as photoinhibition. Photoinhibition is followed by destruction of carotenoids (Cars), bleaching of chlorophylls (Chls), and increased lipid peroxidation due to formation of reactive oxygen species if the excess irradiance exposure continues. Photoinhibition of photosystem 2 (PS2) in vivo is often a photoprotective strategy rather than a damaging process. For sustainable maintenance of chloroplast function under high irradiance, the plants develop various photoprotective...

Photosynthetic Induction in Eucalyptus Urograndis Seedlings and Cuttings Measured by an Open Photoacoustic Cell

P.R. Barja, A.M. Mansanares, E.C. Da Silva, A.C.N. Magalhães, P.L.C.A. Alves

Photosynthetica 2001, 39(4):489-495 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1015687525198

Photosynthetic induction in leaves of four-month-old Eucalyptus urograndis seedlings and of cuttings obtained from adult trees that were previously dark-adapted was studied by the in vivo and in situ Open Photoacoustic Cell Technique. Results for the gas exchange component of the photoacoustic (PA) signal were interpreted considering that the gas uptake component would have a phase angle nearly opposite to that of the oxygen evolution component. By subtracting the thermal component from the total PA signal, we studied the competition between gas uptake and oxygen evolution during the photosynthetic induction. Seedlings presented...

The Heterogeneity of Structural and Functional Photosynthetic Characteristics of Mesophyll Chloroplasts in Various Parts of Mature or Senescing Leaf Blade of Two Maize (Zea Mays L.) Genotypes

J. Kutík, D. Holá, A. Vičánková, M. Šmídová, M. Kočová, M. Körnerová, L. Kubínová

Photosynthetica 2001, 39(4):497-506 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1015639609268

Differences in ultrastructural parameters of mesophyll cell (MC) chloroplasts, contents of photosynthetic pigments, and photochemical activities of isolated MC chloroplasts were studied in the basal, middle, and apical part of mature or senescing leaf blade of two maize genotypes. A distinct heterogeneity of leaf blade was observed both for structural and functional characteristics of chloroplasts. In both mature and senescing leaves the shape of MC chloroplasts changed from flat one in basal part of leaf to nearly spherical one in leaf apex. The volume density of granal thylakoids decreased from leaf base to apex in both types of leaves examined,...

Changes in Chlorophyll a Fluorescence, Lipid Peroxidation, and Detoxificant System in Potato Plants Grown under Filtered and Non-Filtered Air in Open-Top Chambers

A. Calatayud, J.W. Alvarado, E. Barreno

Photosynthetica 2001, 39(4):507-513 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1015691626107

Its high oxidant capacity and ability to generate reactive oxygen species cause ozone toxicity. We studied the effect of ambient ozone on chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence, antioxidant enzymes, ascorbate contents, and lipid peroxidation in potatoes grown in open-top chambers in the field. In plants grown in non-filtered air (NFA), the development of non-photochemical quenching brought about a decrease in photosystem 2 (PS2) photochemical efficiency. Also the ability of PS2 to reduce the primary acceptor Q_A was lower than in charcoal-filtered, ozone-free air (CFA). Changes in Chl fluorescence yield were associated with changes in the...

Payne, W.A., Keeney, D.R., Rao, S.C. (Ed.): Sustainability of Agricultural Systems in Transition

L. Nátr

Photosynthetica 2001, 39(4):514 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1015632902425

Photosynthetic Response of Barley Plants to Soil Flooding

R.Y. Yordanova, L.P. Popova

Photosynthetica 2001, 39(4):515-520 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1015643710177

72 to 120 h of soil flooding of barley plants (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Alfa) led to a noticeable decrease in the rates of CO₂ assimilation and transpiration, and in chlorophyll and dry mass contents. Stomatal conductance decreased following flooding without appreciable changes in the values of intercellular CO₂ concentrations. A drop in the activity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.39) and of the photorespiratory enzymes phosphoglycollate phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.18) and glycollate oxidase (EC 1.1.3.1) was observed, while the activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.31) increased in all flooded...

Development of Chloroplast in Dark-Grown Wheat Seedlings Irradiated at Elevated Temperature

A.K. Singh, G.S. Singhal

Photosynthetica 2001, 39(4):521-527 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1015695727015

Elevated temperature inhibited the accumulation of chlorophyll and photosynthetic proteins, and the development of photochemical activity, however, carotenoids continued to accumulate. Signal transduction pathway involved in protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase was unaffected by elevated temperature of 38°C. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of stroma proteins showed similar patterns in the dark-grown seedlings and seedlings irradiated at elevated temperature, although some low molecular mass proteins accumulated at 38°C. In contrast, seedlings irradiated at 25°C showed complex pattern of proteins. Hence the development of chloroplast and its associated...

Caemmerer, S. von: Biochemical Models of Leaf Photosynthesis

J. Čatský

Photosynthetica 2001, 39(4):528 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1015628701516

Decline of Photosynthetic Pigments, Ribulose-1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase and Soluble Protein Contents, Nitrate Reductase and Photosynthetic Activities, and Changes in Thylakoid Membrane Protein Pattern in Canopy Shade Grapevine (Vitis Vinifera L. cv. Moscato Giallo) Leaves

M. Bertamini, N. Nedunchezhian

Photosynthetica 2001, 39(4):529-537 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1015647811085

In canopy shade leaves of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Moscato giallo) grown in the field the contents of chlorophyll (Chl), carotenoids (Car), and soluble protein per fresh mass were lower than in sun leaves. RuBPC activity, in vivo nitrate reductase activity (indicator of nitrate utilisation), apparent electron transport rate, and photochemical fluorescence quenching were also significantly reduced in canopy shade leaves. When various photosynthetic activities were followed in isolated thylakoids, canopy shade leaves exerted a marked inhibition of whole chain and photosystem (PS) 2 activity. Smaller inhibition of PS1 activity was...

Schmidt, D., Davis, E.B., Jacobs, P.F.: Using the Biological Literature: A Practical Guide. 3^rd Ed.

Z. Šesták

Photosynthetica 2001, 39(4):538 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1015684919263

Photosynthesis and Leaf Nutrient Contents in Ochroma Pyramidale (Bombacaceae)

R.A. Marenco, J.F. de C. Gonçalves, G. Vieira

Photosynthetica 2001, 39(4):539-543 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1015699927924

In Ochroma pyramidale (Cav. ex Lam.) Urb., photon-saturated photosynthetic capacity (P_Nmax) was 13 μmol(CO₂) m^-2 s^-1. Average stomatal conductance (g_s) and water-use efficiency (WUE) were greater at high irradiance, about 260 mmol(H₂O) m^-2 s^-1 and 2.15 g(C) kg^-1(H₂O), respectively. In the dark, g_s values were about 30% of maximum g_s. Leaf nutrient contents on a leaf area basis were 131, 15, 36, 21, and 12 mmol m^-2 for N, P, K, Ca, and Mg, respectively. Ochroma...

Cazes, J. (Ed.): Encyclopedia of Chromatography

D. Haisel

Photosynthetica 2001, 39(4):544 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1015680818354

The Influence of Previous Irradiance on Photosynthetic Induction in Three Species Grown in the Gap and Understory of a Fagus Crenata Forest

M. Naramoto, Q. Han, Y. Kakubari

Photosynthetica 2001, 39(4):545-552 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1015652011994

Photosynthetic induction responses to a sudden increase in photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) from lower background PPFD (0, 25, 50, and 100 μmol m^-2 s^-1) to 1 000 μmol m^-2 s^-1 were measured in leaves of Fagus crenata, Acer rufinerve Siebold & Zucc., and Viburnum furcatum growing in a gap and understory of a F. crenata forest in the Naeba mountains. In the gap, A. rufinerve exhibited more than 1.2-fold higher maximum net photosynthetic rate (P_Nmax) than F. crenata and V. furcatum. Meanwhile, in the understory F. crenata exhibited...

Three Substrate Binding Sites on Spinach Ferredoxin:NADP⁺ Oxidoreductase. Studies with Selectively Acting Inhibitors

M. Bojko, S. Więckowski

Photosynthetica 2001, 39(4):553-556 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1015604128832

The effects of phenylmercuric acetate (PMA) and apoferredoxin (apoFd) on the diaphorase activity of spinach ferredoxin:NADP⁺ oxidoreductase (FNR) in the presence of dibromothymoquinone (DBMIB) or cytochrome c (Cyt c) were studied. PMA inhibited effectively (I₅₀ = < 5 μM) ferredoxin-dependent Cyt c reduction but did not affect evidently the enzyme activity in the presence of DBMIB as an electron acceptor. ApoFd caused also inhibition of Cyt c reduction but slightly stimulated, like ferredoxin, DBMIB reduction. We confirm a hypothesis according to which three binding sites for substrates [NADP(H),...

The Distinctive Pattern of Photosystem 2 Activity, Photosynthetic Pigment Accumulation, and Ribulose-1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase Content of Chloroplasts along the Axis of Primary Wheat Leaf Lamina

F. Dilnawaz, P. Mohapatra, M. Misra, N.K. Ramaswamy, A.N. Misra

Photosynthetica 2001, 39(4):557-563 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1015656112903

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Sonalika) seedlings were grown in Hoagland solution. Primary leaves were harvested at 8, 12, and 15 d and cut into five equal segments. Contents of photosynthetic pigments and proteins, and photosystem 2 (PS2) activity increased from base to apex of these leaves. Chlorophyll (Chl) content was maximum at 12 d in all the leaf segments, but PS2 activity showed a gradual decline from 8 to 15 d in all leaf segments. In sharp contrast, the CO₂ fixation ability of chloroplasts increased from 8 to 15 d. CO₂ fixation ability of chloroplasts started to decline from base to apex of 15-d-old seedlings,...

Schulze, E.-D. (Ed.): Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling in European Forest Ecosystems

J. Jeník

Photosynthetica 2001, 39(4):564 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1015637003333

Photosynthetic Efficiency of Plants of Brassica Juncea, Treated with Chlorosubstituted Auxins

A. Ahmad, S. Hayat, Q. Fariduddin, I. Ahmad

Photosynthetica 2001, 39(4):565-568 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1015608229741

The leaves of 29-d-old plants of Brassica juncea Czern & Coss cv. Varuna were sprayed with 10^-6 or 10^-8 M aqueous solutions of indole-3-yl-acetic acid (IAA) or its substituted derivatives 4-Cl-IAA, 7-Cl-IAA, and 4,7-Cl₂-IAA. All the auxins improved the vegetative growth and seed yield at harvest compared with those sprayed with de-ionised water (control). 4-Cl-IAA was most prominent in its effect, generating 21.6, 39.7, 61.0, 35.0, 65.5, and 56.2% higher values for dry mass, leaf chlorophyll content, carbonic anhydrase (E.C. 4.2.1.1) and nitrate reductase (E.C. 1.6.6.1) activities, net photosynthetic rate,...

Photosynthesis, Transpiration, and Water Use Efficiency of Vegetative and Reproductive Shoots of Grassland Species from North-Eastern China

R.Z. Wang

Photosynthetica 2001, 39(4):569-573 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1015660213811

The differences in net photosynthetic rate (P_N), transpiration rate (E), and water use efficiency (WUE) between the vegetative and reproductive shoots of three native grass species from the grassland of northeastern China [grey-green and yellow green populations of Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel., Puccinellia tenuiflora (Griseb) Scrib & Merr, Puccinellia chinampoensis Ohwi] were compared. The two type shoots experienced similar habitats, but differed in leaf life-span and leaf area. The leaf P_N and WUE for the vegetative shoots were significantly higher than those for the reproductive...

Templeton, D.M. (Ed.): Molecular and Cellular Iron Transport

Z. Šesták

Photosynthetica 2001, 39(4):574 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1015689020172

New Facts about CdCl₂ Action on the Photosynthetic Apparatus of Spinach Chloroplasts and Its Comparison with HgCl₂ Action

F. Šeršeň, K. Kráľová

Photosynthetica 2001, 39(4):575-580 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1015612330650

Using EPR spectroscopy it was found that CdCl₂ and HgCl₂ interact (1) with the intermediates Z^./D^., i.e. with the tyrosine radicals on the donor side of photosystem (PS) 2 situated in the 161^st position in D₁ and D₂ proteins; (2) with the primary donor of PS1 (P700) whereby the oxidation of chlorophyll (Chl) a dimer in the reaction centre of PS1 occurs yet in the dark; (3) with the manganese cluster which is situated in the oxygen evolving complex. Due to these interactions of investigated metal chlorides with the photosynthetic apparatus,...

Photosynthetic Response of Wheat to Stress Induced by Puccinia Recondita and Post-Infection Drought

O. Bethenod, L. Huber, H. Slimi

Photosynthetica 2001, 39(4):581-590 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1015664314720

To quantify photosynthetic response of wheat to the combination of a fungal brown rust infection and a post-infection drought, four treatments were compared: no stress (control), fungal stress (FS), water stress (WS), and twofold stress (WS×FS). Predawn leaf water potential (Ψ_wp) was similar in FS and WS treatments over a 3-week period. In the WS treatment, net photosynthetic rate (P_N) and stomata CO₂ conductance (g_s) diminished concomitantly with a constant intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i) close to 200 µmol mol^-1. In the FS treatment, a...

Basis of the Relationship between Ash Content in the Flag Leaf and Carbon Isotope Discrimination in Kernels of Durum Wheat

J.L. Araus, J. Casadesús, A. Asbati, M.M. Nachit

Photosynthetica 2001, 39(4):591-596 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1015616431558

The relationship between ash content and carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) was studied in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) grown in a Mediterranean region (Northwest Syria) under three different water regimes (hereafter referred to as environments). In two of these environments, 144 genotypes were cultivated under rain-fed conditions. In the third environment, 125 genotypes were cultivated under irrigation. Ash content was measured in the flag leaf about 3 weeks after anthesis, whereas Δ was analysed in mature kernels. Total transpiration of the photosynthetic tissues of the culm contributing, from heading to maturity, to the filling...

Induction of Porphyrin Biosynthesis by 5-Aminolevulinic Acid, Glutamic Acid, and 1,10-Phenanthroline and Their Possible Photodynamic Action in Wheat and Mustard Plants

V. Toneva, T. Gechev, I. Minkov

Photosynthetica 2001, 39(4):597-601 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1015668415629

The photodynamic damage of the sensitive plants wheat and mustard, treated with chlorophyll (Chl) precursors 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and glutamic acid (Glu) and with 1,10-phenanthroline (Phen), was caused by tetrapyrroles, which accumulated after 17 h in the dark period, followed by 12 h of irradiation with "white light". The effect of accumulated Chl in mustard plants was accompanied by changes in the amounts of the Chls and carotenoids and by dehydration of the tissues, partial chlorosis, and necrosis. The molecular nature of the specific photodynamic sensitivity of the mustard and wheat plants under the influence of Phen and Chl precursors was...

Effects of Angular Leaf Spot and Rust on Leaf Gas Exchange and Yield of Common Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris)

W.C. Jesus Junior, F.X.R. Vale, C.A. Martinez, R.R. Coelho, L.C. Costa, B. Hau, L. Zambolim

Photosynthetica 2001, 39(4):603-606 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1015620532467

Isolated and interactive effects of angular leaf spot (caused by Phaeoisariopsis griseola) and rust (caused by Uromyces appendiculatus) on leaf gas exchange and yield was studied in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Carioca) plants. Gas exchange was measured on 37, 44, 51, and 58 d after planting using a portable photosynthesis system. The inoculation of plants with P. griseola (P), U. appendiculatus (U), and the combination of both pathogens (P+U) caused a significant reduction of net photosynthetic rate (P_N) and yield. The reduction of stomatal conductance (g_s), P_N,...

Characterization of the Quenching of Chlorophyll a Fluorescence by β-Carotene Using the Non-Linear Analysis

D.M. Gazdaru, B. Iorga

Photosynthetica 2001, 39(4):607-609 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1015672516537

Carotenoids (Car) regulate energy flow in photosynthesis by a specific Car-chlorophyll (Chl) interaction in the singlet-excited states, leading to a reduction in Chl fluorescence. We studied quenching of Chl a-fluorescence in benzene by trans-β-carotene. Non-linear analysis of the quenching process enables to explain the possible molecular mechanism leading to the de-excitation of Chl a. The fluorescence intensity was measured at 670 nm for excitation wavelengths of 380, 430, 640, and 650 nm. The β -carotene concentrations ranged from 4×10^-5 M to 5×10^-3 M. When the samples were excited at 640 and...

Effect of Different Sugars on Photosynthesis and Chlorophyll Fluorescence in Photoautotrophic Tomato Suspension Cell Cultures

A.K. Sinha, T. Roitsch

Photosynthetica 2001, 39(4):611-614 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1015624600607

The effects of metabolisable sugars sucrose and glucose along with non-metabolisable isomers of sucrose palatinose and turanose were tested. Rate of oxygen evolution (P), electron transport rate (ETR), and photochemical quenching (q_p) showed substantial decrease after 24 and 48 h by glucose and sucrose treatments, whereas there was no effect on all these parameters by the treatment with palatinose and turanose. Also the F_v/F_m ratio remained constant through the time of studies revealing that the maximal photochemical capacity of the cells was unchanged. Non-photochemical quenching (q_N) showed a decrease...

Bibliography of Reviews and Methods of Photosynthesis - 85

Z. Šesták, J. Čatský

Photosynthetica 2001, 39(4):615-640 | DOI: 10.1023/A:1015676617446