Browse Articles
Storm‐Scale and Fine‐Scale Boundary Layer Structures of Tropical Cyclones Simulated With the WRF‐LES Framework
-  25 October 2021
Key Points
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Numerical simulations with the horizontal grid spacing decreasing from the turbulent gray zone to large-eddy scale are performed
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Storm-scale and fine-scale structures can be well simulated when the horizontal resolution is about or less than 100 m
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No significant differences in storm-scale, fine-scale structures are found when the horizontal grid spacing decreases from 111 to 37 m
Changes of Precipitation‐Runoff Relationship Induced by Climate Variation in a Large Glaciated Basin of the Tibetan Plateau
-  22 October 2021
Key Points
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Modified Budyko equation for quantifying glacier melt contribution to runoff in the Yarlung-Zangpo River (YR) basin
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Changed precipitation-runoff relations by the acceleration of glacier melt and permafrost thaw under climate warming in the YR basin
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Reduced climate warming effect on increasing runoff by the increase of vegetation coverage in the YR basin
Multi‐GNSS Airborne Radio Occultation Observations as a Complement to Dropsondes in Atmospheric River Reconnaissance
-  22 October 2021
Key Points
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Flights over northeast Pacific atmospheric rivers provide dense airborne radio occultation and dropsonde data for assimilation in models
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The first Galileo RO profiles are compared with nearby Global Positioning System (GPS) profiles to assess accuracy in the troposphere
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The model refractivity anomaly distinguishes key characteristics of the atmospheric river including the low-level jet and tropopause fold
Hydroclimate Correlations Between the Alxa Desert and Adjacent Mountains in Northwestern China: Evidence From Meteorological and Tree‐Ring Data
-  22 October 2021
Key Points
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Precipitation and SPEI indicate wetter trends in Mt. Qilian but drier trends in Mt. Helan and Hasi ranges from 1960 to 2017
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Precipitation, relative humidity, and SPEI in western and central (eastern) Alxa desert resemble conditions in Mt. Qilian (Helan and Hasi)
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Tree-ring proxies from nearby mountains can faithfully represent the hydroclimate history of the Alxa desert
Enhanced Summertime Surface Warming Effects of Long‐Term Urbanization in a Humid Urban Agglomeration in China
-  22 October 2021
Key Points
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Long-term urbanization-induced climate effects in Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration region were examined based on analyzing observations and performing numerical simulations
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Warming effect of urbanization was enhanced in both the magnitude and affected area in the late stage of urbanization
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Altered energy partitioning between sensible and latent heat fluxes by urban expansion was the key factor of warming atmosphere
Vertical Structure of Tropical Deep Convective Systems at Different Life Stages From CloudSat Observations
-  22 October 2021
Key Points
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Tropical deep convective systems (DCSs) are objectively identified and categorized into different life stages from CloudSat observations
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As DCS evolves, newly formed ice particles are likely to accumulate around convective pillars rather than being transmitted to anvil clouds
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Precipitation occurs in a narrow region within the pillar during developing stage, widens at mature stage and shrinks at dissipating stage
Isolating the Contributions of Seasonal Climate Warming to Permafrost Thermal Responses Over the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau
-  22 October 2021
Key Points
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Contributions of seasonal warming to permafrost thermal responses are isolated by specially designed experiments based on historical records
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Permafrost in the Three River Source region and the Qiangtang High Plateau is vulnerable to thermal degradation induced by winter warming
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1°C air temperature warming in summer lead to an increase of 0.35 m in active layer thickness (ALT) and of 0.20°C in mean annual ground temperature (MAGT), while in winter,an increase of 0.16 m, 0.13°C
Box Model Intercomparison of Cloud Chemistry
-  22 October 2021
Key Points
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Five box models participated in a cloud chemistry intercomparison representing a case at Whiteface Mountain Observatory
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Model results were often quite different indicating a need for recommended equilibria and aqueous-phase reaction rate constants
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Comparisons of simple to detailed chemistry schemes show need for development of effective simplified organic aqueous chemistry schemes
Study on the Sensitivity of Initial Perturbations to the Development of a Vortex Observed in Southwest China
-  21 October 2021
Key Points
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Conditional nonlinear optimal perturbations were used to identify sensitive areas for the development of a southwest vortex (SWV)
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Three sensitive areas were identified; two were located on the Eastern Tibetan Plateau and the third was in the Eastern Sichuan Basin
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The dynamical effect is dominant at the initial stage of SWV, while diabatic heating is more notable during the intensification stage
Triggered negative lightning‐leaders that propagated into thunderstorm lower positive charge
-  5 November 2021
Key Points
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Triggered negative leader boundaries lie within low positive cloud boundaries positivecloud boundaries
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Lightning-charge densities (-4.2 to -1.8 C/km^$3$) are within the range of cloud-charge densities deduced from airborne measurements
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Step recoil waves propagate farther than 3 km backward from negative leader steps
The role of atmospheric drivers in a sudden transition of California precipitation in the 2012/13 winter
-  5 November 2021
Key points
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California experienced a wet-to-dry transition during 2012/13 winter, but it was not predicted in the seasonal prediction models
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The wet conditions in November-December were driven by the tropical SST, which was missed in the seasonal prediction models
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The subseasonal prediction models that predicted the MJO were also able to predict the dry conditions in January
Photosensitized degradation of DMSO initiated by PAHs at the air‐water interface, as an alternative source of organic sulfur compounds to the atmosphere
-  5 November 2021
Key points
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Laser flash photolysis demonstrate that excited triplets of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons initiate degradation of dimethylsulfoxide
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A number of organic sulfur compounds that are known secondary organic aerosol precursors are formed
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Theoretical calculations support the mechanistic pathways describing the formation of organic sulfur compounds
2016 Monsoon Convection and its place in the Large‐Scale Circulation using Doppler Radars
-  5 November 2021
Key Points
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Indian Doppler Weather radars are used to analyse cell-top height during the 2016 monsoon season
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Cell-top height exhibits clear diurnal and intraseasonal variation
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Cell-top height varies by region and is affected by local features and the wider monsoon circulation
Life cycle of shallow marine cumulus clouds from geostationary satellite observations
-  4 November 2021
Key Points
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The life cycle of shallow marine cumulus clouds is inferred using a passive space-based geostationary instrument
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Life cycle is quantified by top temperature/height, cloud extent, cloud water path, optical thickness, droplet radius/number concentration
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Cumulus clouds of a certain horizontal extent, cloud top height as well as droplet radius live longer if they are optically denser
Evaluation of CloudSat Radiative Kernels Using ARM and CERES Observations and ERA5 Reanalysis
-  3 November 2021
Key Points
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Observation-based CloudSat radiative kernels are evaluated with field observations for six ARM sites with different climate characteristics
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The kernels are found to be valuable for reconstructing observed radiative flux anomalies at the surface and top-of-atmosphere
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The CloudSat kernels are the least skilled in reconstructing the observed changes in longwave radiative flux at the surface
Vertical Profiles of Ozone Concentrations in the Lower Troposphere Downwind of New York City during LISTOS 2018‐2019
-  3 November 2021
Key Points
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Vertical ozone profiles below 2 km can exhibit layering with little connection to surface concentrations
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Sea breeze circulation during stagnation near the land-water interface often induces layering
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Vertical shearing as a result of low-level jets or sea breeze circulation provides mechanisms for formation of layers
Indirect measurements of the composition of ultrafine particles in the Arctic late‐winter
-  2 November 2021
Key Points
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Indirect measurements suggest that background ultrafine particles are comprised of oxidized organic species and ammoniated sulfates
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Two ultrafine particle growth events were observed and were likely influenced by marine emissions
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Newly formed particles were highly hygroscopic and relatively volatile, the latter property not consistent with primary sea salt aerosol
Regional characteristics of variability in the Northern Hemisphere wintertime polar front jet and subtropical jet in observations and CMIP6 models
-  1 November 2021
Key Points
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Northern Hemisphere wintertime polar front jet variability is associated with lower tropospheric baroclinicity anomalies
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Pacific tropical convection anomalies are linked to variations of the Northern Hemisphere wintertime subtropical jet at most longitudes
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Tropical convection in CMIP6 models is often displaced westward when compared to observations, reflecting a climatological bias
Impacts of biomass burning in peninsular Southeast Asia on PM2.5 concentration and ozone formation in southern China during springtime – A case study
-  1 November 2021
Key points
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Biomass burning in peninsular Southeast Asia (BB-PSEA) significantly increase near-surface PM2.5 concentrations in southern China
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NH3 emission from the BB-PSEA plays a key role in the enhancement of secondary inorganic aerosols in southern China
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The aerosol-radiation and aerosol-photolysis interactions from BB-PSEA decrease O3 concentrations in southern China
Global analyses of sea surface temperature, sea ice, and night marine air temperature since the late nineteenth century
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
-  17 July 2003
Summarizing multiple aspects of model performance in a single diagram
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
-  7183-7192
-  1 April 2001
Radiative transfer for inhomogeneous atmospheres: RRTM, a validated correlated‐k model for the longwave
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
-  16663-16682
-  1 July 1997
Bounding the role of black carbon in the climate system: A scientific assessment
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
-  5380-5552
-  15 January 2013
Radiative forcing by long‐lived greenhouse gases: Calculations with the AER radiative transfer models
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
-  2 July 2008
Global observed changes in daily climate extremes of temperature and precipitation
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
-  15 March 2006
A simple hydrologically based model of land surface water and energy fluxes for general circulation models
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
-  14415-14428
-  20 July 1994
The community Noah land surface model with multiparameterization options (Noah‐MP): 1. Model description and evaluation with local‐scale measurements
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
-  24 June 2011
Key Points
- The paper describes the augmented Noah LSM
- The augmented Noah LSM allows multiphysics options (hence Noah-MP)
- The Noah-MP outperforms the original Noah LSM
Implementation of Noah land surface model advances in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction operational mesoscale Eta model
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
-  29 November 2003
Bounding the role of black carbon in the climate system: A scientific assessment
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
-  5380-5552
-  15 January 2013
Quantifying Progress Across Different CMIP Phases With the ESMValTool
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
-  18 October 2020
Key Points
- Temperature, water vapor, and zonal wind speed show improvements in CMIP6 with amplitudes of many long-standing biases smaller than CMIP3/5
- High-resolution models show significant improvements in their historical CMIP6 simulations for temperature and precipitation mean biases
- Spread in effective climate sensitivity in CMIP6 is larger than in previous phases
The local and global effects of Amazon deforestation
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
-  LBA 55-1-LBA 55-8
-  24 October 2002
Application of USDM statistics in NLDAS‐2: Optimal blended NLDAS drought index over the continental United States
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
-  2947-2965
-  1 February 2014
Key Points
- To develop an objective approach to blend NLDAS drought indices
- To establish the linkage between USDM statistics and NLDAS drought indices
- To reconstruct long-term OBNDI
Global analyses of sea surface temperature, sea ice, and night marine air temperature since the late nineteenth century
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
-  17 July 2003
Global observed changes in daily climate extremes of temperature and precipitation
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
-  15 March 2006
Thermodynamics of carbonates and hydrates related to heterogeneous reactions involving mineral aerosol
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
-  1 June 2005
Thirty Years of Regional Climate Modeling: Where Are We and Where Are We Going next?
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
-  5696-5723
-  17 May 2019
Key Point
- The paper reviews accomplishments, outstanding issues, and future research directions in regional climate modeling
The Complex Refractive Index of Volcanic Ash Aerosol Retrieved From Spectral Mass Extinction
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
-  1339-1350
-  3 January 2018
Key Points
- The complex refractive indices of eight samples of volcanic ash aerosol were retrieved from measurements of spectral mass extinction and size and showed considerable variability
- Verification retrievals were performed on measurements of high-purity silica aerosol. The Rayleigh CDE scattering model outperformed Mie theory
- Nonspherical scattering effects can have a significant impact on refractive indices derived from extinction spectra
The community Noah land surface model with multiparameterization options (Noah‐MP): 1. Model description and evaluation with local‐scale measurements
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
-  24 June 2011
Key Points
- The paper describes the augmented Noah LSM
- The augmented Noah LSM allows multiphysics options (hence Noah-MP)
- The Noah-MP outperforms the original Noah LSM