Professor Giorgio Forti

R.C. JENNINGS

Photosynthetica 2021, 59(2):237 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2021.022  

Comparison of water depth tolerance in two major wetland macrophytes, Phragmites australis and Typha angustifolia

U. SONG

Photosynthetica 2021, 59(2):238-244 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2021.016  

Two major emergent macrophytes, Phragmites australis and Typha angustifolia, show a clear zonation with respect to water depth, i.e., P. australis occupies shallower water than T. angustifolia. However, the reasons for this interspecific difference is unclear. Therefore, this study focused on the features that enable T. angustifolia to survive at greater water depths than P. australis. In both outdoor and greenhouse experiments, P. australis did not survive at the deepest water depth and showed significantly lower biomass, nitrogen content, and photosynthesis in most deep and/or aerated water...

Application of fast light-readapted plants for measurement of chlorophyll fluorescence and P₇₀₀ light absorption with the RLC method

E.A. LYSENKO

Photosynthetica 2021, 59(2):245-255 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2021.015  

The rapid light curve method is a time-saving approach to the measurement of photosynthetic processes over a wide spectrum of light intensities. The adaptation to darkness enables the calculation of a complete set of coefficients for chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence and P₇₀₀ light absorption; however, dark-adapted plants demonstrate drastically different patterns of Chl fluorescence than that of light-adapted plants. The present work compared light-adapted barley plants without dark adaptation (L), and barley plants adapted to darkness and readapted to light for 7.5 min (D/L). The rapid light curves were generally similar in both the L and...

Biochemical and photosystem characteristics of wild-type and Chl b-deficient mutant in tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa)

L.X. ZHANG, Q.S. CHANG, X.G. HOU, S.D. CHEN, Q.M. ZHANG, J.Z. WANG, S.D. LIU, S. LI

Photosynthetica 2021, 59(2):256-265 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2021.019  

In order to explore the adaptive strategies of tree peony yl1 mutant in response to photooxidative stress, the changes of biochemical parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence, and the modulated 820-nm reflection of yl1 mutant and wild-type plants were compared. We found the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, the contents of soluble protein, proline, superoxide radicals, hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, and relative electrical conductivity were significantly higher than those of the wild type. The photochemical efficiency of PSII significantly decreased, while the proportion of heat dissipation of yl1 mutant increased...

Prof. Dr. Klaus Kloppstech - Always ahead, but never pushing forward. Impressive research without a tendency to overstatement

B. GRIMM

Photosynthetica 2021, 59(2):266-267 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2021.024  

Short-term photoacclimation and photoregulation strategies of Sargassum horneri in response to temperature and light

Z.H. ZHONG, Y. WANG, S. QIN, L.C. ZHUANG, J.J. LI, W.L. SONG, Z.Y. LIU

Photosynthetica 2021, 59(2):268-276 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2021.021  

Sargassum horneri (Turner) C. Agardh is a genus of brown algae and plays an important role in marine ecosystem. However, the inhabiting area of S. horneri has been decreasing sharply in China. To understand the photoacclimation and photoregulation strategies of S. horneri in responses to temperature and light, S. horneri was cultured under different temperatures [18℃ (LT) and 26℃ (HT)] and light intensities [60 μmol(photon) m^-2 s^-1 (LL) and 120 μmol(photon) m^-2 s^-1 (HL)] for 7 d, and then the chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters were measured. The results...

Effects of sowing methods and nitrogen rates on photosynthetic characteristics, yield, and quality of winter wheat

H. NOOR, Q. WANG, M.A. ISLAM, M. SUN, W. LIN, A.X. REN, Y. FENG, S.B. YU, N. FIDA, S.F. DONG, P.R. WANG, L. LI, Z.X. WANG, R.R. ZHANG, Q.L. ZHAO, P.C. DING, Z.Q. GAO

Photosynthetica 2021, 59(2):277-285 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2021.018  

Sustainability of winter wheat yield under dryland conditions depends on improvements in crop photosynthetic characteristics and crop yield. Therefore, studying the effects of different sowing methods and nitrogen rates on photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaves, nitrogen translocation, and yield could be an effective strategy to improve the crop yield. In this study, four nitrogen application concentrations and two sowing methods were used. The results showed that the photosynthetic rates were the highest at different stages of wide-space sowing (WSS) after flowering. Nitrogen concentration of 240 kg ha^-1 improved the photosynthetic...

Changes in grapevine berry skin photochemistry may support metabolic responses to postharvest treatment by ultraviolet light

K. CSEPREGI, P. TESZLÁK, A. RÁCZ, Gy. CZÉGÉNY, L. KŐRÖSI, É. HIDEG

Photosynthetica 2021, 59(2):286-293 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2021.028  

Harvested mature berry clusters of two white table grape cultivars were used to study the effects of postharvest UV irradiation. One cultivar, 'Queen of Vineyard' (QV), had higher light-acclimated PSII quantum yield, higher phenolic contents, and stronger total antioxidant capacities than the other, 'White Sultana' (WS). These differences were maintained throughout the experiment. Responses of the two cultivars to a 30-min UV irradiation were also different. Antioxidant capacities and flavonol, especially quercetin-3-O-glucuronide, contents were lower 2 h after the UV treatment in both cultivars and recovered in QV but not in WS berry skins...

The changes of PSII supercomplex stoichiometry in egy1 mutants are related to chlorophyll b deficiency

M. ADAMIEC, L. MISZTAL, M. CIESIELSKA, R. LUCIŃSKI

Photosynthetica 2021, 59(2):294-302 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2021.027  

EGY1 is a chloroplast metalloprotease, the physiological role of which remains elusive. The changes observed in physiology and gene expression in egy1 mutants indicate that lack of the protease leads to yellow-green phenotype, changes in stoichiometry in PSII complexes, and early senescence. However, the knowledge concerning the role of the EGY1 to maintain the PSII function remains elusive. The aim of our study was to gain a deeper insight into the role of EGY1 protease in maintaining proper stoichiometry of PSII complexes. We applied the blue native electrophoresis technique as well as the immunoblotting method to investigate the abundance...

Screening of highly efficient photosynthetic hybrids of Oryza officinalis and analysis of their photosynthetic pathway genes

E.X. LI, F.Y. YIN, C. LI, D.Y. KAN, J.H. YOU, S.Q. XIAO, Z.Q. CHENG, X. KE

Photosynthetica 2021, 59(2):303-312 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2021.025  

Hereditary properties of strong growth and huge accumulation of biomass in Oryza officinalis exhibit a great potential; however, the genes that code for its high photosynthesis performance are not established. This study screened eight hybrids, using biomass accumulation and photosynthesis analysis, based on the introgression lines constructed by analyzing distant hybridization patterns between Oryza officinalis and cultivars HY-8. We designed 23 primer pairs using transcriptome sequencing of Oryza officinalis and screened two types of photosynthetic enzymes: phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) and pyruvate...

How does moderate drought affect quantum yield and the regulation of sugar metabolism at low temperature in durum wheat (Triticum durum L.)?

R. KHALIL, J. TAJTI, K.Á. HAMOW, K.O. GONDOR, E. DARKO, N. ELSAYED, Z. NAGY, G. SZALAI, T. JANDA, I. MAJLÁTH

Photosynthetica 2021, 59(2):313-326 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2021.030  

Currently, limited knowledge is available about the combined effects of drought and light in case of cold stress. The investigation of quantum yield kinetics may help understand how plants utilize light under adverse environmental conditions. In the present study, mild drought helped preserve quantum yield in durum wheat (Triticum durum L.). The time necessary to reach the steady-state actual quantum yield corresponded with the cold sensitivity. Possible underlying mechanisms induced by drought, such as the reduction of malondialdehyde content, accumulation of D-sorbit, and glycine betaine, may have protected photosynthetic apparatus and integrity...

Exogenous melatonin ameliorates salinity-induced oxidative stress and improves photosynthetic capacity in sweet corn seedlings

D.Y. WANG, J. WANG, S.H. SHI, L.X. HUANG, M. ZHU, F.H. LI

Photosynthetica 2021, 59(2):327-336 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2021.031  

Melatonin (MT) is involved in physiological processes in plants under abiotic stress. In this study, we investigated the effects of melatonin on maize photosynthetic and antioxidant capacities under salinity stress. Our findings indicated salinity stress significantly inhibited maize growth. However, exogenous MT promoted maize growth and antioxidant capacity. Superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase increased by 138.8, 38.7, and 32.0%, respectively, while H₂O₂ and malondialdehyde decreased by 23 and 31%, respectively. Exogenous MT also improved maize photosynthesis under salinity stress. Net photosynthetic rate, transpiration...

Ethylene-dependent effects of fusaric acid on the photosynthetic activity of tomato plants

N. IQBAL, Z. CZÉKUS, A. ÖRDÖG, P. POÓR

Photosynthetica 2021, 59(2):337-348 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2021.029  

Fusaric acid (FA) is one of the potential toxins produced by pathogenic Fusarium species which exerts oxidative stress and cell death in plants. In this work, the effects of different concentrations of FA were investigated on the photosynthetic activity in leaves of wild type and Never ripe (Nr) tomato plants to reveal the potential role of ethylene under mycotoxin exposure. FA induced a significant ethylene emission from leaves in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. FA (1 mM) decreased the maximal and effective quantum yields of PSII and PSI in both tomato genotypes but photoprotective processes, such as the nonphotochemical...

Role of beneficial elements in plants: implications for the photosynthetic process

E. LO PICCOLO, C. CECCANTI, L. GUIDI, M. LANDI

Photosynthetica 2021, 59(2):349-360 | DOI: 10.32615/ps.2021.032  

Essential macro- and microelements availability strictly influences photosynthetic process as well as the overall plant status. Besides essential macro- and micronutrients, a group of other elements described as 'beneficial' has been proposed to ameliorate plant performances under optimal and/or stressful conditions. The first explanation of the term 'essential', as suggested by Arnon and Stout in 1939, defined beneficial elements as not essentials since they are not necessary for plants to complete their life cycle. However, at low amounts, they can exert promoting effects on plant performances, including photosynthesis. In this review, we summarize...