We image velocity anomalies below the North Island, New Zealand, interpreted as deeply-subducted seamounts and fluid in the downgoing plate

Independent geological and geophysical observations corroborate our seamount interpretation

Inferred seamounts and intraslab fluid may partly explain enigmatic, along-strike plate-coupling transition at the Hikurangi margin

Identify 2120 creep events on the central San Andreas Fault and estimate their along-strike lengths

Creep event lengths range from sub-km to 10 km

Existence of large events makes it likely that slip is driven by large-scale frictional weakening

The annual likelihood of events in the Fox Creek area has consistently declined since 2015, in contrast with increasing activities

Induced seismicity is characterized by two regions with largely different -values and seismic hazard but similar earthquake numbers

The minimum injection volume to trigger seismicity increases over the years, indicating successful mitigation strategies

Crustal thickness and velocities in eastern Canada are more variable in the Peri-Gondwanan than Peri-Laurentian domains

A step-like Moho feature in the northern Appalachians marks the boundary between the Peri-Gondwanan and Peri-Laurentian domains at depth

The lower crust in the Grenville Province is thicker and faster than that observed beneath the northern Appalachians

We develop a high-resolution (4–30 s) 3D velocity model of the North Island of New Zealand with 28 adjoint tomography iterations

Distinct P- and S-wave velocity changes of up to ±30% are made to the existing model in the upper 30 km

The tomographic results provide improved images of tectonic and magmatic structures throughout the Hikurangi subduction margin

Low-V zones with trench-parallel FPDs under the Japan Islands indicate compressed mantle flows

High-V zones with trench-normal FPDs under the Japan trench suggest simple shear deformation of the subducting Pacific plate

Low-V zones with zone-parallel FPDs connecting the volcanoes indicate channels for material and energy exchanges among the volcanoes

We conducted a large scale benchmark of machine learning pickers using six models and eight datasets

Best overall performance is observed for EQTransformer, GPD and PhaseNet, with advantages for EQTransformer on teleseismic distances

Models transfer well between different regions with similar distances, but not between regional and teleseismic distances

Both high-Ti and low-Ti picrites in the Emeishan large igneous province are hydrous

The major and trace element compositions of picrites are related to the water content in their mantle sources

Compositional variations in a large igneous provinces are affected by volatiles in mantle plumes

The limitations of one-dimensional hysteretic model are discussed

The hysteretic behaviors hysteretic mesoscopic elastic units are redefined

A three-dimensional model of hysteresis in rock is developed

Systematic numerical models are conducted to clarify the conditions of metamorphic sole generation in different tectonic settings

Subduction initiation at (back-arc) spreading center is a favorable setting for formation of metamorphic sole underlying ophiolite

P-T conditions of natural metamorphic soles may represent a high temperature regime facilitating their weakening and exhumation

The “neighborhood algorithm” provides a robust methodology for testing layered anisotropy in the Earth's inner core

There is no significant change observed in the strength of anisotropy with depth in the inner core

The innermost inner core is defined as a gradual change in the slow propagation direction of anisotropy

Integration of 115 years of deformation data reveals subsidence up 50 cm/year in Mexico City

The majority of the subsidence is irreversible and its rates are linearly correlated to the thickness of the upper aquitard

Migration of low-quality water to the productive aquifer sets the stage for a water crisis, which influences the socioeconomic landscape