The North Western Mediterranean deep water formation collapse by mid-21st century under the RCP8.5 scenario

The collapse is mostly driven by changes in the properties of the Modified Atlantic Water and Levantine Intermediate Water

The deep water formation collapse is associated to changes in fluxes through the Strait of Gibraltar

The TP heating (cooling) can cause enhanced moisture transport from the North Atlantic (Pacific) to Pacific (North Atlantic)

The TP heating (cooling) can strengthen (weaken) the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC)

The TP warming at the end of 21th century under the RCP8.5 scenario can lead to a 10% AMOC enhancement

No changes at any latitude between hydrographic sections carried out in the last thirty years

The major contributor to the AMOC at the subpolar North Atlantic is the Eastern subbasin for the three decades

CESM performs well in simulating the leading ISV modes of EASP and their preceding tropical and mid-to-high latitude signals

Tropical and mid-to-high latitude forcings together contribute half of the total variance of the two leading ISV modes of EASP

External tropical and mid-to-high latitude forcings affect EASP ISV more apparently on a regional, rather than a local, spatial scale

We present unique broadband airborne lidar observations of sea surface height spanning scales from hundreds of kilometers to a few meters

The sea surface height variance due to surface waves can be over an order of magnitude larger than the variance at submesoscales

The observed sea surface height is sensitive to the direction of waves which may impact the interpretation of remote sensing measurements

Multiscale modeling framework (MMF) and high-resolution (HR) capture more extreme and less frequent precipitation than conventional E3SMv1

E3SMv1-HR improves intensity and timing of precipitation in the Eastern and Northwestern US during winter in association with ETCs and ARs

E3SMv1-MMF improves intensity of precipitation in the Eastern US and summer diurnal timing in the Central US related to propagating MCSs

For volcanism to provide life sustaining reactants to Europas ocean, asthenospheric-formed melt must traverse the cold thick lithosphere

Dikes can propagate across the entire lithosphere if either the fracture toughness or the flux into the dike is large

Volcanism plausibly provides reactants to Europa's ocean every several thousand years, but seafloor volcanism is far from assured

Sustained horizontal warm advection towards the coast of East Antarctic via an atmospheric river led to marked warming

Downslope surface winds of record strength for the summer resulted in descent and adiabatic warming inland of the coast

Extremely strong lower tropospheric easterly winds carried the warm air westwards leading to ice melt and record high surface temperatures

Heat waves are becoming more frequent, longer-lasting and more intense in most parts of Southeast Asia and affect more land areas

Yearly hottest HW magnitude increases faster and longest HW duration has significant trends in more areas than their average counterparts

CHIRTS improves over ERA5 on daily maximum temperature and the associated HW trends, but deteriorates on daily minimum temperature

Ocean modeling suggests that, due to an enhanced North Equatorial Current, Kuroshio was stronger during last glacial period than at present

Southward migration of the Kuroshio Extension during the last glacial period was between 0.5 and 3.5° depending on the longitudes

Model results indicate that the vertical thermal gradient in the upper ocean is not a suitable indicator of the Kuroshio intensity