A clear diurnal pattern is identified in the topside effective scale height with peak values in the early morning and evening sectors

At night, the topside effective scale height tends to increase with altitude, while in the daytime its altitudinal dependence is complex

Evidence for connection between spread F irregularities and high variability in the topside effective scale height is reported

Multi-point multi-latitudinal solar wind velocities can be derived from cometary ion tails

Images acquired from observatories, STEREO B provide comparable results to amateur astronomers

Results validated against 3D MHD models offer snapshots of the solar wind structure

High-frequency whistler waves at the bow shock behind the terminator and foreshock transients are investigated

Resonant electron interaction with whistler waves is analyzed quantitatively

Nonlinear resonant phase trapping by whistler waves is shown to cause effective electron acceleration

The short-period substorm activity, due to either substorms or substorm-associated disturbances, is a nonstorm phenomenon

The periodic events are distinct from other magnetospheric response modes; thus, it is plausible to treat them as a separate response mode

Internally-driven, quasi-periodic reconnection in the magnetotail is a viable source mechanism

FLRs with polarisation between poloidal/toroidal (3-D) form at azimuthal gradients in the Alfvén speed

Simulations show these will occur prominently at the boundaries of the dusk-side plasmaspheric drainage plume

We present observable phase, amplitude and polarisation characteristics for use in the identification of 3-D FLRs in data

Symmetric compressional ULF (4-10 mHz) waves were excited at L = 3.0-5.5 during a geomagnetic storm

The waves were associated with enhancement of the flux of protons at energy <5 keV

Drift compressional instability is a possible wave generation mechanism

Hemispheric asymmetries in magnetic activity and ionospheric convection in the polar cap are observed under strong IMF B_x conditions

Weak, but clear energy transfer to the nightside auroral region is observed in both hemispheres during the same period

IMF B_x-induced single lobe reconnection may give rise to hemispheric asymmetry in SW-M-I coupling in the polar cap

First simultaneous observations of the Ni and Na layers over a full annual cycle, which are simulated well by a whole atmosphere model

Both metal layers peak in mid-winter with roughly three times the abundance of their mid-summer minima

The Ni layer is displaced about 8 km below the Na layer, which is explained by significant differences in their neutral and ion chemistry

Titan’s ionospheric conductivities calculated using in-situ measurements with full plasma content (electrons, positive ions, negative ions/dust grains)

Indications of reverse Hall effect near ∼900 km altitude

Most impact of dusty plasma at ∼1100-1200 km altitude – up to 35% increase for Pedersen conductivities)

A moment fitting continuum Vlasov solver is presented that preserves positivity of the distribution function and conserves total energy

The method behaves well at low velocity space resolutions, making it competitive with PIC methods concerning computational cost

There is good agreement of the simulations with measurements of magnetic reconnection by the MMS spacecraft

A Chandra ACIS observation reveals a 10.3 sigma detection of X-rays from Uranus with a probability of chance occurrence of 10⁻⁶–10⁻⁷

Uranus' X-rays are concentrated between 0.6 and 1.1 keV, consistent with emission observed from Jupiter and Saturn

The X-ray fluxes seem to exceed scattered solar emission alone, which may suggest X-ray aurora and/or X-ray fluorescence from the rings